Efectos del Aprendizaje-Servicio Universitario sobre la Formación Inicial en Actividad Física y Deporte

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Motricidad Humana. Fecha de Lectura: 05-11-2021Este estudio se enmarca en la Red de Investigación en Aprendizaje-Servicio en Actividad Física y Deporte para la Inclusión Social (RIADIS), financiada por el Consejo Superior de Deportes (2019- 2020) (www.riadis.es).Igualmente, este estudio se enmarca en el proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, I+D+i PID2019-105916RB-I00/AEI / 10.13039/50110001103

Sistemas nanoparticulados e a vetorização de fármacos no tratamento do cancro

O cancro é hoje em dia um dos principais fatores de morbilidade e mortalidade. No ano de 2010, o National Institute of Health estimou os custos associados ao cancro em cerca de 263,8 biliões de dólares. Desta forma, a investigação nesta área continua a procurar formas de otimizar os tratamentos, aliviando o sofrimento dos doentes e reduzindo os custos associados à doença. O tratamento do cancro tem evoluído no sentido de atingir uma maior seletividade para as células tumorais. As limitações associadas à quimioterapia com apenas um fármaco conduziram ao aparecimento de novas estratégias, nas quais se combinam diferentes terapêuticas, com diferentes mecanismos de ação, levando a um efeito sinergístico. Esta estratégia permite a administração de uma menor dose de cada fármaco, diminuindo assim os efeitos adversos. No entanto, existem limitações clínicas para estas terapêuticas convencionais relacionadas com as propriedades dos transportadores das membranas celulares, a baixa biodisponibilidade e a distribuição dos fármacos junto das células tumorais. A pesquisa de novas estratégias tornou-se uma necessidade para a obtenção de uma distribuição mais efetiva e especifica dos fármacos nas células tumorais. Assim, os nanossistemas foram extensamente estudados para aumentar a eficácia dos tratamentos. A nanotecnologia, através da encapsulação dos fármacos, permitiu melhorar os parâmetros farmacocinéticos dos fármacos, tendo ainda a vantagem de se poder fazer uma vetorização para as células tumorais, tendo por base o reconhecimento de recetores

Força muscular, flexibilidade, estabilidade postural, composição corporal e desempenho funcional de desportistas universitários

Mestrado em FisioterapiaEnquadramento: Apesar da evolução e do aumento do número de participantes, o impacto do desporto universitário em Portugal é ainda um fenómeno pouco relevante e pouco estudado. O acompanhamento destes atletas por profissionais de saúde é fundamental, no sentido de garantir o seu bem-estar durante a prática desportiva, sendo também papel do fisioterapeuta identificar a performance funcional do atleta de forma a prevenir lesões e a promover o regresso à prática desportiva de forma segura e adequada em caso de lesão. Em Portugal, os estudos respeitantes ao desporto universitário são escassos, e não existem estudos que procuram testar a associação de variáveis da composição corporal, flexibilidade e força dos atletas com a sua performance funcional do membro inferior. Objetivos: 1) descrever a composição corporal, características físicas (flexibilidade, força muscular) e funcionais (performance do membro inferior e estabilidade postural) de desportistas universitários; 2) comparar a estabilidade postural, força muscular, performance do membro inferior (y balance test) e massa muscular do esqueleto apendicular entre o membro dominante e não dominante e 3) determinar a associação entre as variáveis da função física e funcional, nomeadamente força muscular, flexibilidade, estabilidade postural e composição corporal, e performance do membro inferior de desportistas universitários de diferentes modalidades, do desporto universitário na Universidade de Aveiro. Métodos: foram recrutados 24 desportistas universitários aos quais foram avaliadas a composição corporal por bioempedancia, a flexibilidade (teste sentar e alcançar), a força muscular, a performance funcional do membro inferior e a estabilidade postural. Resultados: Em média, os participantes apresentavam um índice de massa corporal (22,5 ± 3,2 kg/m2) e flexibilidade (28,7 ± 11,0 cm) dentro dos valores normais. O membro superior dominante (direito) apresentou maior massa muscular do que o não dominante (1,518 ± 0,345 vs 1,475 ± 0,355 kg, p= 0,003). Observou-se maior velocidade de oscilação (5,0 ± 1,4 vs 4,7 ± 1,4 cm/s, p= 0,025) e maior comprimento total (148,3 ± 40,3 vs 142,7 ± 42,7 cm, p=0,009) de deslocamento do COP no membro inferior dominante comparativamente ao não dominante. Observaram-se correlações positivas entre a massa muscular do membro inferior dominante (r = 0,515, p = 0,014) e a massa muscular do membro superior dominante (r = 0,458, p = 0,032) com o Y balance teste. Também a força do quadríceps direito se associou ao deslocamento anterior-posterior (r = 0,481, p = 0,017) e medio-lateral do COPy (r = 0,416, p = 0,043), comprimento do COP (r = 0,536, p = 0,007) e média da velocidade da COP do membro inferior direito (r = 0,533, p = 0,007). Conclusões: os desportistas apresentam um peso normal e um nível de flexibilidade dentro dos valores previstos para as suas faixas etárias. O membro inferior dominante apresentou maior massa muscular e pior estabilidade postural. Maior a massa muscular associou-se a melhor desempenho funcional ao nível de controlo postural dinâmico. Maior a força do quadríceps também se associou a melhor estabilidade postural em apoio unipodal.Background: Despite the evolution and increased number of participants, the impact of university sports in Portugal is still unknown and an understudied phenomenon. The follow-up of athletes by health professionals is fundamental in order to guarantee their well-being during sports activity, and it is the role of the physiotherapist to identify the athlete's functional performance in order to prevent injuries and to promote a return to the sport’s practice in terms of safety in case of injury. In Portugal, studies on university sports are scarce, and there are no studies that attempt to test the association of variables associated to body composition, flexibility and strength of athletes and their functional performance of the lower limbs. Objectives: 1) to describe the body composition, physical characteristics (flexibility, muscular strength) and functional (lower limb performance and postural stability) of university athletes; 2) to compare the postural stability, muscle strength, balance test and muscle mass of the appendicular skeleton between the dominant and non-dominant limb, and 3) to determine the association between the variables of physical and functional function, namely muscular strength, flexibility, postural stability and body composition, and lower limb performance of university athletes of different sports at the University of Aveiro. Methods: 24 university athletes were recruited and evaluated for body composition by bioempedance, flexibility (sit and reach test), muscle strength, functional performance of the lower limb and postural stability. Results: On average, participants had a body mass index of 22.5 ± 3.2 kg / m2 and flexibility 28.7 ± 11.0 cm within normal values. The dominant upper limb (right) had greater muscle mass than the non-dominant muscle (1,518 ± 0,345 vs 1,475 ± 0,355 kg, p = 0.003). It was observed a higher oscillation velocity (5.0 ± 1.4 vs 4.7 ± 1.4 cm / s, p = 0.025) and a larger total length (148.3 ± 40.3 vs 142.7 ± 42, 7 cm, p = 0.009) of COP displacement in the dominant lower limb compared to the non-dominant limb. Positive correlations were found between dominant muscle mass (r = 0.515, p = 0.014) and upper limb muscle mass (r = 0.458, p = 0.032) with the Y balance test. Also, the right quadriceps strength was associated with the anterior-posterior (r = 0.481, p = 0.017) and midlateral displacement of COPy (r = 0.416, p = 0.043), COP length (r = 0.536, p = 0.007) And mean COP velocity of the right lower limb (r = 0.533, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The athletes presented a normal weight and a level of flexibility within the expected values for their age groups. The dominant lower limb presents greater muscle mass and worse postural stability. Greater muscle mass was associated with better functional performance at the level of dynamic postural control. Greater strength of the quadriceps was also associated with better postural stability in unipodal support

Adaptive calibration algorithm for plasma glucose estimation in continuous glucose monitoring

[EN] Minimally or noninvasive continuous glucose monitors estimate plasma glucose from compartments alternative to blood, and may revolutionize the management of diabetes. However, the accuracy of current devices is still poor and it may partly depend on low performance of the implemented calibration algorithm. Here, a new adaptive calibration algorithm based on a population local-model-based intercompartmental glucose dynamic model is proposed. The novelty consists in the adaptation of data normalization parameters in real time to estimate and compensate patient's sensitivity variations. Adaptation is performed to minimize mean absolute relative deviation at the calibration points with a time window forgetting strategy. Four calibrations are used: preprandial and 1.5 h postprandial at two different meals. Two databases are used for validation: 1) a 9-hCGMSGold (Medtronic, Northridge, USA) time series with paired reference glucose values from a clinical study in 17 subjects with type 1 diabetes; 2) data from 30 virtual patients (UVa simulator, Virginia, USA), where inter-and intrasubject variability of sensor's sensitivity were simulated. Results show how the adaptation of the normalization parameters improves the performance of the calibration algorithm since it counteracts sensor sensitivity variations. This improvement is more evident in one-week simulations.Manuscript received April 17, 2012; revised September 10, 2012 and January 21, 2013; accepted March 11, 2013. Date of publication March 19, 2013; date of current version May 1, 2013. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Project DPI2010-20764-C02 and in part by the European Union under Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, Ref 252085. The work of F. Barcelo-Rico was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU AP2008-02967).Barceló-Rico, F.; Diez, J.; Rossetti, P.; Vehi, J.; Bondía Company, J. (2013). Adaptive calibration algorithm for plasma glucose estimation in continuous glucose monitoring. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. 17(3):530-538. https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2013.2253325S53053817

Modelling and control of a continuous distillation tower through fuzzy techniques

This paper presents a methodology for the design of a fuzzy controller applicable to continuous processes based on local fuzzy models and velocity linearizations. It has been applied to the implementation of a fuzzy controller for a continuous distillation tower. Continuous distillation towers can be subjected to variations in feed characteristics that cause loss of product quality or excessive energy consumption. Therefore, the use of a fuzzy controller is interesting to control process performance.A dynamic model for continuous distillation was implemented and used to obtain data to develop the fuzzy controller at different operating points. The fuzzy controller was built by integration of linear controllers obtained for each linearization of the system. Simulation of the model with controller was used to validate the controller effectiveness under different scenarios, including a study of the sensibility of some parameters to the control.The results showed that the fuzzy controller was able to keep the target output in the desired range for different inputs disturbances, changing smoothly from a predefined target output to another. The developed techniques are applicable to more complex distillation systems including more operating variablesThe authors acknowledge the partial funding of this work by the projects: Regional Government Project GVPRE/2008/108, and National Projects DPI2007-66728-C02-01 and DPI2008-06737-C02-01.Barceló Rico, F.; Gozálvez Zafrilla, JM.; Diez Ruano, JL.; Santafé Moros, MA. (2011). Modelling and control of a continuous distillation tower through fuzzy techniques. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 89(1):107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.04.015S10711589

Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Nitrogen for Tomato Seedling Production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

This study was aimed at evaluating the different concentrations of nitrogen for tomato seedling production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), hybrid Loreto. Five concentrations of nitrogen were analyzed: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mEq / L, using as a basis the Steiner nutrient solution. A pilot randomized block design was used with six replications and five treatments. Thirty-five days after sowing, the following variables were analyzed: seedling height, stem diameter, fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, leaf area, dry steam weight, dry leaf weight, dry root weight and total nitrogen content. An ANOVA analysis (p <0.05) with post-hoc Tukey test was performed to compare each treatment variables. The results showed that the increase in the concentration of nitrogen has a positive effect on organ growth. The treatment with the highest values in the morphological variables was 16 mEq / L, which shortened the production time of seedlings ready for transplant

Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Nitrogen for Tomato Seedling Production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

This study was aimed at evaluating the different concentrations of nitrogen for tomato seedling production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), hybrid Loreto. Five concentrations of nitrogen were analyzed: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mEq / L, using as a basis the Steiner nutrient solution. A pilot randomized block design was used with six replications and five treatments. Thirty-five days after sowing, the following variables were analyzed: seedling height, stem diameter, fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, leaf area, dry steam weight, dry leaf weight, dry root weight and total nitrogen content. An ANOVA analysis (p <0.05) with post-hoc Tukey test was performed to compare each treatment variables. The results showed that the increase in the concentration of nitrogen has a positive effect on organ growth. The treatment with the highest values in the morphological variables was 16 mEq / L, which shortened the production time of seedlings ready for transplant

Formación universitaria para mayores: innovación curricular y competencias emprendedoras

Las universidades a través de la oferta de programas de formación específicos para personas mayores contribuyen al desarrollo de acciones encaminadas al envejecimiento activo a través de actividades enmarcadas dentro del ocio serio que propician la actualización de conocimientos y el desarrollo de la ciudadanía activa. A nivel europeo y dentro del desarrollo de acciones para el emprendimiento, el colectivo de personas mayores cobra relevancia como grupo de interés en las propuestas de competencias relacionadas con la creación de empresa. La presente comunicación muestra los resultados obtenidos en la fase exploratoria del proyecto de investigación sobre el desarrollo de competencias emprendedoras referidas a las motivaciones y limitaciones percibidas por los mayores universitarios para la creación de empresa.By offering specific training programs for young people universities contribute to the development of measures to promote active aging through activities framed within serious leisure time which update knowledge and develop an active citizenship. At European level and within the development of entrepreneurial actions, the group of older people becomes relevant as a stakeholder in the proposed competencies related to business creation. The present paper describes the results of the exploratory phase of a research project on the development of entrepreneurial competences regarding the motivations and constraints perceived by the life-long university students for business creation