Investigating the impact of the use of security equipment in the confrontation with the arrival of alcoholic drinks "Case Study of Ghorveh City"

The subject of the present study is to investigate the effect of the use of law enforcement equipment on the criminal response to the arrival of alcoholic beverages in the city of Ghorveh. This research has been conducted with a quantitative and survey approach and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 20 expert police officers, responsible and knowledgeable in the subject of the city of Ghorveh and all of them were tried to complete the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) were determined through face validity and Cronbach's alpha test using Spss software. In describing the research fields, the results showed that most respondents were distributed in the "large" and "very large" spectrum. In other words, the majority of respondents believed that the use of appropriate security equipment to counteract the smuggling of alcoholic beverages in Qorveh city has been effective in preventing this issue. According to the results of this research, the use of appropriate equipment to fight smuggling of alcoholic beverages in the country as a whole, and in particular in the city of Ghorveh, is extremely effective and effective. According to respondents, the use of modern and new car equipment (With an average response of 4.85 points) As well as the use of databases (With an average response of 4.65 points) In Ghorveh, the city has the most impact on the fight against smuggling of alcoholic beverages

Investment efficiency and audit fee from the perspective of the role of financial distress

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the author’s methodological proposal in the field of management and development planning, taking the opinions of the commune inhabitants. Design/Methodology/Approach: The statistical population of the study has included all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. After sampling 141 companies were studied using data from 2011 to 2018 using the multiple regression method. Findings: The results show that there was a significant relationship between investment efficiency and audit fee, and financial distress had a significant effect on the relationship between investment efficiency and audit fee. Practical Implications: The managers working in Iran have greater confidence than firms to use auditors who receives less audit fee and the companies in a climate of financial distress have overconfident managers. Originality/Value: Since no empirical research has been conducted to study the aforementioned variables in Iran, the present study is innovative in this respect. Also the results are also applicable to other underdeveloped countries in the Middle East.peer-reviewe

Political Institutions and Government Spending Behavior: Theory and Evidence from Iran

This study examines how quality of political institutions affects the distribution of government budget in Iran. We first introduce a mechanism through which this can shift government expenditure from patronage to more constructive public spending. Using impulse response functions (IRF) and variance decomposition analysis (VDC) on the basis of Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, our results imply that a positive shock towards more democratic institutions leads to negative and statistically significant response of military spending and positive and statistically significant response of education expenditures. Our results are robust to different political institutional quality indicators, ordering of variables in the VAR and different specifications of government spending categories

Nonreciprocal-Beam Phased-Array Antennas

This study presents a nonreciprocal-beam phased-array antenna constituted of phase-gradient patch radiators integrated with transistor-based nonreciprocal phase shifters. Such an antenna exhibits different beams for transmission and reception states. The proposed phased-array antenna provides power amplification for both transmission and reception states, which is of paramount importance in most practical applications. In addition, in contrast to the recently proposed time-modulated antennas, the proposed nonreciprocal-beam phased-array antenna introduces no undesired time harmonics and unwanted frequency conversion, requires no radio frequency bias signal. Furthermore, the nonreciprocal phased-array antenna is lightweight and is amenable to integrated circuit fabrication. The transmission and reception beam angles, the beam shapes, and the power amplification level may be easily tuned by changing the direct current (dc) bias of the transistors and phase of the passive phase shifters. Such a nonreciprocal-beam phased-array antenna is expected to find military and commercial applications

Demographics of Fall-Related trauma among the Elderly Presenting to Emergency Department; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Falling is reported to be the most common cause of mortality due to trauma in individuals over the age of 75 years. The present study is designed with the aim of determining the demographics of fall-related trauma among the elderly presenting to emergency department (ED). Methods: The present prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on all elderly patients ≥ 60 years old presenting to ED of a major referral trauma center in North West of Iran during 1 year. Demographic data, location and height of falling, duration of hospitalization, trauma severity and in-hospital outcome of the patients were gathered and reported via descriptive statistics. Results: 228 patients with the mean age of 70.96 ± 5.2 years were studied (53.9% female). Most patients were in the 66-70 years age range (32.6%) and had a history of hypertension (22.3%), who had visited following a fall inside the house (69.3%), due to slipping (73.7%), and from a height equal to or less than 2m (71.9%). 6 (2.6%) patients died in the hospital. Mean trauma severity of patients based on ISS, RTS, and TRISS were 10.65 ± 3.95 (3-19), 7.84 ±.21 (1.4-14.5) and 1.66 ±1.31 (-1.49-3.82), respectively. Regarding need for hospitalization, only ISS shows a significant difference between outpatients and inpatients (p = 0.023). Patients who died had a significantly higher trauma severity based on ISS (p < 0.0001) and RTS (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, slipping and syncope are the most common causes of  falling in the studied elderly that had mostly happened inside the house and from a height less than 2m. Therefore, most patients were in the mild to moderate range of trauma severity. ISS and RTS were significantly higher in the 6 (2.6%) patients who died

Multilayer Thin Films on Fine Particles

The tunable construction of multilayer thin-film-based particulate has opened up new horizons in materials science and led to exciting new developments in many scientific areas during the past two decades. Indeed, to utilize the synergistic properties of thin film coatings and the core particles, the thin film immobilized on fine particles can be a promising approach. The interaction between the thin films and the core fine particles results in adjustable properties of the coated particles. Therefore, such coated systems have been considered as an important class of emerging powder technology for a wide range of applications. Namely, multilayer structural features can lead to designing a highly active and selective catalytic systems. In addition, multilayer-coated nano/micro particles (NMPs) can be employed in the development of many new properties, ease of functionalization, conjugation of biomolecules, etc. Such structure with multilayer coatings can also revolutionize the energy storage and conversion systems