182 research outputs found

    La práctica especulativa como modelo pedagógico para la arquitectura

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    Introducción: uno de los mayores desafíos de la arquitectura como disciplina después de la crisis, ha sido repensar en cómo tendría que enfocarse la formación de los (futuros) arquitectos. En un momento en el que parece que la práctica arquitectónica -cada vez más supeditada a los humores de los mercados-, haya quedado en segundo plano, un (re)encuentro con la teoría puede ser el camino para reconfigurar su cometido en los próximos años. Objetivos: el objetivo principal será describir la práctica especulativa como modelo pedagógico para la arquitectura. Gracias a ello, se quieren alcanzar dos objetivos específicos: por un lado, proporcionar claves de entendimiento para superar el antagonismo entre teoría y práctica; y por el otro, plantear su potencial para problemas sociales y políticos a gran escala. Método: el estudio se llevará a cabo a través de la comparación de pedagogías que utilizan actualmente la práctica especulativa en la arquitectura y en el diseño, y en interacción con otras prácticas culturales. Conclusiones: una vez que se consiga alejar la disciplina arquitectónica de los aspectos comerciales o de las demandas del mercado, resituándola en un contexto más amplio y global. La práctica especulativa, en este sentido, es lo que permite enfocar estrategias para futuros posibles, y repensar, a la vez, el presente en el que vivimos

    ¿Es generalizable la existencia de una transición de primer orden ferromagnética-paramagnética en los materiales con magnetorresistencia colosal R2/3B1/3MnO3 (R=lantanido; B=alcalinoterreo)?

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    En este trabajo se examina la naturaleza de la transición de fase ferromagnética de materiales de manganeso con estructura de perovskita, de gran interés tecnológico por sus enormes variaciones de resistividad eléctrica ante la presencia de un campo magnético aplicado (magnetorresistencia colosal). Se encuentra que, en contra de la opinión generalizada, no todos estos materiales presentan un comportamiento cualitativamente similar. En concreto, el carácter de primer orden de la transición ferromagnética no es un factor común. Las implicaciones físicas de este resultado son discutidasIn this work, the nature of the ferromagnetic phase transition of manganese-based materials with perovskite structure, is examined. These are materials of great technological interest due to the enormous variations of their electrical resistivity under the presence of an applied magnetic field (colossal magnetoresistance). lt is found that, contrary to the assumed belíef, not all these materials present a qualitatively similar behaviour. Concretely, the first order character of the ferromagnetic transition is not a common factor. The physical implications of this result are discussedS

    Analysis of psychic imbalance, caused by screening of a video of surgical extraction of a lower third molar in a sample of mental patients as compared to the general population

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    The goal of this study is to validate the psychometric properties of the Hamilton Rating Scales for anxiety and depression. These two scales will be used to analyze anxiety and depression, seven days before, after and seven days after screening of a vide

    The role of p21Waf 1/CIP1 as a Cip/Kip type cell-cycle regulator in oral squamous cell carcinoma: review

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    Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is biologically characterized by the accumulation of multiple genetic and molecular alterations that end up clinically characterized as a malignant neoplasm through a phenomenon known as multistep. The members of the Cip/Kip family, specifically p21 Waf 1/CIP1 , are responsible for cell cycle control, blocking the transition from phase G1 to phase S. We made a search of articles of peer-reviewed Journals in PubMed/ Medline, crossing the keywords. The goal of this paper is to determine the relationship between p21 Waf 1/ CIP1 expression and several clinical and pathological aspects of OSCC, their relationship with p53 and HPV, as well as genetic alterations in their expression pattern, their use as a prognosis market in the evolution of precancer - ous lesions and their roles in anticancer treatments. The results of p21 WA F1/C I P1 expression in OSCC showed mixed results in terms of positivity/negativity throughout different studies. It seems that, although p21 Waf 1/CIP1 expression is controlled in a p53-dependent manner, coexpression of both in OSCC is not intrinsically related. Although the presence of HPV viral oncoproteins increases p21 Waf 1/CIP1 levels, the small number of studies, have forced us to disregard the hypothesis that HPV infected lesions that present better prognosis are due to a p21 Waf 1/CIP1 -dependent control. The role of p21 WA F1/C I P1 as cell-cycle regulator has been well described; however, its relationship to OSCC, the clinical and pathological variables of tumors, HPV and different treatments are not entirely clear. Thus, it would be very interesting to pursue further study of this protein, which may have a significant value for the diagnosis, prog nosis and therapy of this type of tumors

    Association between xerostomia, oral and general health, and obesity in adults. A cross-sectional pilot study

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    The objective of this study was to analyse the association between oral and general health variables and obesity indicators with the sensation of dry mouth or xerostomia as evaluated on the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). A total of 354 randomly selected subjects participated in this cross-sectional pilot study and completed an anonymous questionnaire. Anthropometric, clinical, and xerostomic variables were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used for multiple comparisons. ROC curves and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine the (OR) risk of xerostomia. A total of 30.7 % of respondents reported xerostomia based on XI. The dry mouth question, the XI taken as a ?gold standard?, showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 70.37 %, and a specificity of 83.27 % (AUC=0.768, p<0.001). Logistical regression showed the highest xerostomia OR was associated to patients with bad self-perceived health, 6.31 (CI 95% 2.89-13.80, p<0.001). In the model adjusted for tooth mobility, bone or respiratory diseases, and the consumption of anxiolytics and antidepressants, the OR was 3.46 (CI 95% 1.47-8.18, p=0.005). a high prevalence of xerostomia was found in this cross-sectional pilot study, which was significantly more frequent in women, and increased with age. Xerostomia was associated to several systemic diseases, psychological conditions, and oral functional disorders such as tooth mobility. These preliminary results can serve as the basis for developing guidelines for the application of innovative measures designed to improve the quality of life of individuals with xerostomia

    Nuevas metodologías para el fomento del aprendizaje autónomo y colaborativo del estudiante en el conocimiento teórico-práctico de la arquitectura

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    Tradicionalmente el concepto de patrimonio se ha considerado lo opuesto a la sostenibilidad, sin embargo, hoy día, debido a la crisis económica y a la falta de recursos, es el binomio patrimonio-sostenibilidad la apuesta clave para implicar a los arquitectos en un desarrollo urbano sostenible. Asimismo la incorporación de distintas disciplinas en el abordaje patrimonial facilita al arquitecto la gestión patrimonial desde un punto de vista holístico e inclusivo. El objetivo principal es proporcionar una serie de herramientas a los estudiantes que les permita abordar un problema patrimonial desde un enfoque sostenible y con un refuerzo teórico. Gracias a ello se quieren alcanzar dos objetivos específicos, por un lado, fomentar la resolución de problemas en equipo, y por el otro facilitar la comprensión del objeto patrimonial con una dimensión contemporánea inserto en la ciudad. El estudio se llevará a cabo a través del análisis de los textos y cartas internacionales que existen en materia de patrimonio. En paralelo, el estudiante debe ir identificando los nuevos valores patrimoniales generados al caso de estudio. La comprensión de la evolución del concepto de patrimonio aplicado al objeto de estudio permite al estudiante comprender la dimensión global del bien patrimonial, así como la cantidad de actores y disciplinas implicadas en su gestión

    Intraarterial route increases the risk of cerebral lesions after mesenchymal cell administration in animal model of ischemia

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    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising clinical therapy for ischemic stroke. However, critical parameters, such as the most effective administration route, remain unclear. Intravenous (i.v.) and intraarterial (i.a.) delivery routes have yielded varied outcomes across studies, potentially due to the unknown MSCs distribution. We investigated whether MSCs reached the brain following i.a. or i.v. administration after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, and evaluated the therapeutic effects of both routes. MSCs were labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistological analysis. MSCs were found in the brain following i.a. but not i.v. administration. However, the i.a. route increased the risk of cerebral lesions and did not improve functional recovery. The i.v. delivery is safe but MCS do not reach the brain tissue, implying that treatment benefits observed for this route are not attributable to brain MCS engrafting after stroke.This study has been partially supported by grants from Axencia Galega de Innovación (Xunta de Galicia), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/00292; PI14/01879), the Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases RETICS-INVICTUS (RD12/0014), Xunta de Galicia (Consellería Educación GRC2014/027), the European Commission program FEDER and Promoting Active Ageing program: Functional Nanostructures For Alzheimer’s Disease At Ultra-Early Stages” (Pana_686009), a Research and Innovation Project, funded within the EU Horizon 2020 Programme”. Furthermore, this study was also co-funded within the POCTEP (Operational Programme for Cross-border Cooperation Spain-Portugal) program (0681_INVENNTA_1_E), co-financed by the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund). T. Sobrino (CP12/03121) and F. Campos (CP14/00154) are recipients of a research contract from Miguel Servet Program of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Finally, P. Taboada thanks Mineco and Xunta de Galicia for funding through projects MAT2013-40971-R and EM2013-046, respectively. J Trekker is the recipient of an innovation grant from the IWT-VlaanderenS

    El Centro de Estudios sobre Deporte Inclusivo (CEDI): investigación aplicada, formación y promoción deportiva para personas con discapacidad en acción

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    La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y la Fundación Sanitas firmaron un convenio en octubre de 2009 para la creación del primer Centro de Estudios sobre Deporte Inclusivo (CEDI) en España, con sede en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF). Su objetivo principal es investigar, generar conocimiento y divulgar la información pertinente relativa al fenómeno de la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad en el deporte, difundiendo los beneficios que las actividades físicas y deportivas tienen para los participantes a la hora de mejorar su salud y favorecer su integración social

    Temperature-Induced Changes in Reperfused Stroke: Inflammatory and Thrombolytic Biomarkers

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    Although hyperthermia is associated with poor outcomes in ischaemic stroke (IS), some studies indicate that high body temperature may benefit reperfusion therapies. We assessed the association of temperature with effective reperfusion (defined as a reduction of ≥8 points in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within the first 24 h) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2) in 875 retrospectively-included IS patients. We also studied the influence of temperature on thrombolytic (cellular fibronectin (cFn); matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)) and inflammatory biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and their relationship with effective reperfusion. Our results showed that a higher temperature at 24 but not 6 h after stroke was associated with failed reperfusion (OR: 0.373, p = 0.001), poor outcome (OR: 2.190, p = 0.005) and higher IL-6 levels (OR: 0.958, p 37.5 °C at 24 h, but not at 6 h after stroke, is correlated with reperfusion failure, poor clinical outcome, and infarct size. Mild hyperthermia (36.5–37.5 °C) in the first 6 h window might benefit drug reperfusion therapies by promoting clot lysisThis study was partially supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2017-84267-R), Xunta de Galicia (Consellería Educación: IN607A2018/3), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/00540 and PI17/01103), Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases RETICS-INVICTUS PLUS (RD16/0019), and by the European Union FEDER program. Furthermore, Tomás. Sobrino (CPII17/00027) and Francisco Campos (CPII19/00020) are recipients of research contracts from the Miguel Servet Program of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. María Pérez-Mato is a Sara Borrell Researcher (CD19/00033)S
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