Parasitofauna no híbrido tambacu de pisciculturas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a parasitofauna de tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) de pisciculturas e a relação parasito‑hospedeiro. Cento e catorze peixes foram coletados de quatro pisciculturas de Macapá, AP, 80,7% dos quais estavam infectados por: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida); Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea); Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala), Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda); Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae); e larvas de Proteocephalidae (Cestoda). Um total de 8.136.252 parasitos foram coletados dos peixes examinados. Esse é o primeiro registro de N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum e Proteocephalidae para híbridos tambacu no Brasil. Ichtyophthirius multifiliis foi o parasito mais prevalente, enquanto os endohelmintos, os menos. Observou-se correlação positiva entre número de I. multifiliis e comprimento total e peso corporal dos peixes, bem como entre número de P. gamitanae e comprimento total. A infeção por I. multifiliis mostrou associação com o parasitismo por Monogenoidea. A baixa qualidade da água contribui para o alto parasitismo do hibrido tambacu por ectoparasitas, que, no entanto, não influi no fator de condição relativo dos peixes.The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic fauna of hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) from fish farms and the host‑parasite relationship. A hundred and fourteen fish were collected from four fish farms in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 80.7% of which were infected by: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida); Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea); Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala); Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda); Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae); and Proteocephalidae larvae (Cestoda). A total of 8,136,252 parasites were collected from the examined fish. This is the first record of N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum, and Proteocephalidae for hybrid tambacu in Brazil. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most prevalent parasite, whereas endohelminths were the less. A positive correlation was observed between number of I. multifiliis and total length and weight of fish, as well as between number of P. gamitanae and total length. The infection by I. multifiliis had association with the parasitism by Monogenoidea. Low water quality contributes to high parasitism of hybrid tambacu by ectoparasites, which, however, does not influence the relative condition factor of fish

DIVERSIDAD DE PARÁSITOS DE OSTEOGLOSSUM BICIRRHOSUM, UN PEZ OSTEOGLOSSIDAE DE LAAMAZONÍA

We investigated the ecological relationships between parasites and the host silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier, 1829 from Amazonian basin, in Brazil. A total of 1,570.539 parasites belonging to different taxa were found including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gonocleithrum aruanae, Gonocleithrum planacrus, Gonocleithrum coenoideum (Monogenoidea) and Camallanus acaudatus (Nematoda); all had an aggregated dispersion. The Brillouin diversity index was 0.11 ± 0.21, evenness was 0.08 ± 0.15 and species richness was 3.2 ± 0.5. There was positive correlation between the intensity of I. multifiliis and host size, as well as between the intensity of Gonocleithrum spp. and the relative condition factor of hosts. This is the first report on parasitic diversity indices in wild O. Bicirrhosum. The parasites community was characterized by low species diversity and species richness, and by high prevalence of ectoparasites species.Este estudio investigó las relaciones ecológicas entre los parásitos y el hospedero arauana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier, 1829 de la cuenca del Amazonas, en Brasil. Un total de 1,570.539 parásitos pertenecientes a diferentes taxones se encontraron como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gonocleithrum aruanae, Gonocleithrum planacrus, Gonocleithrum coenoideum (Monogenoidea) y Camallanus acaudatus (Nematoda), que tenían una dispersión agregada. El índice de diversidad de Brillouin fue 0,11 ± 0,21, la uniformidad fue 0,08 ± 0,15 y la riqueza de especies fue 3,2 ± 0,5. Hubo correlación positiva entre la intensidad de I. multifiliis y el tamaño del hospedero, así como entre la intensidad de Gonocleithrum spp. y el factor de condición relativa de los hospederos. Este primer informe sobre el índices de diversidad parasitarias en O. bicirrhosum muestra que la comunidad de parásitos se caracterizó por una baja diversidad y riqueza de especies, y por la alta prevalencia de especies de ectoparásitos

Sistema de recirculação usando filtros biológicos aerados no cultivo de alevinos de tambaqui

The objective of this work was to evaluate a recirculating aquaculture system using biological aerated filters in tanks for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings farming, with two initial stocking densities (1.4 and 2.5 kg m-³). The biofilters had similar materials (media) and the same granulometric standards, but inverted orders of the media (classic and inverted). The following were monitored for 90 days: water quality; zootechnical, parasitological, and hematological parameters; and hematimetric indices. Water temperature, oxygen levels, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved solids concentration were compatible with tambaqui farming and did not differ between the different biofilters and densities. The ammonia and nitrite value was associated with the stocking densities and not with biofilter. The zootechnical and hematological parameters and the hematimetric indices evaluated were not influenced either by the type of biofilter or by the stocking densities. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium boegeri were the parasites found. The aerated, classical, and inverted biological filters have similar efficiency in maintaining water quality parameters for tambaqui fingerling farming.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de recirculação de água com uso de filtros biológicos aerados em tanques de criação de alevinos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), com duas densidades de estocagem (1,4 e 2,5 kg m-³). Os biofiltros possuíam materiais semelhantes (meios) e os mesmos padrões granulométricos, mas com a ordem dos meios invertida (clássico e invertido). Foram monitorados durante 90 dias: a qualidade da água; os parâmetros zootécnicos, parasitológicos e hematológicos; e os índices hematimétricos. A temperatura da água, os níveis de oxigênio, o pH, a condutividade elétrica e a concentração de sólidos dissolvidos foram compatíveis com a produção de tambaqui e não diferiram entre os diferentes biofiltros e densidades. O valor de amônia e nitrito foi associado à densidade de estocagem e não ao biofiltro. Os parâmetros zootécnicos e hematológicos e os índices hematimétricos avaliados não foram influenciados nem pelo tipo de biofiltro nem pela densidade de estocagem. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium boegeri foram os parasitas encontrados. Os filtros biológicos aerados, clássico e invertido têm similar eficiência na manutenção de parâmetros de qualidade de água para o cultivo de alevinos de tambaqui

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

First report of Linguadactyloides brinkmanni (Monogenoidea: Linguadactyloidinae) on hybrids of Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) from South America

This study presents the first report of infection by Linguadactyloides brinkmanni Thatcher & Krytsky, 1983 (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae, Linguadactyloidinae) on the gills of the hybrid tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus) from fish farms from the city of Macapá, state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Out of 201 hybrid tambatinga examined, ten had their gills infested by L. brinkmanni (prevalence= 4.9%). From these hosts, 21 specimens of L. brinkmanni were collected and the mean intensity of infestation was 2.1 (1-4 parasites). This study expands the distribution of this monogenoidean for a new host

First report of Linguadactyloides brinkmanni (Monogenoidea: Linguadactyloidinae) on hybrids of Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) from South America

This study presents the first report of infection by Linguadactyloides brinkmanni Thatcher & Krytsky, 1983 (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae, Linguadactyloidinae) on the gills of the hybrid tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus) from fish farms from the city of Macapá, state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Out of 201 hybrid tambatinga examined, ten had their gills infested by L. brinkmanni (prevalence= 4.9%). From these hosts, 21 specimens of L. brinkmanni were collected and the mean intensity of infestation was 2.1 (1-4 parasites). This study expands the distribution of this monogenoidean for a new host

Parasitic fauna in hybrid tambacu from fish farms

The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic fauna of hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) from fish farms and the host-parasite relationship. A hundred and fourteen fish were collected from four fish farms in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 80.7% of which were infected by: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida); Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea); Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala); Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda); Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae); and Proteocephalidae larvae (Cestoda). A total of 8,136,252 parasites were collected from the examined fish. This is the first record of N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum, and Proteocephalidae for hybrid tambacu in Brazil. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most prevalent parasite, whereas endohelminths were the less. A positive correlation was observed between number of I. multifiliis and total length and weight of fish, as well as between number of P. gamitanae and total length. The infection by I. multifiliis had association with the parasitism by Monogenoidea. Low water quality contributes to high parasitism of hybrid tambacu by ectoparasites, which, however, does not influence the relative condition factor of fish