O USO POLÍTICO DOS VEÍCULOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO DE MASSA

Este artigo objetiva analisar a relação que os Políticos mantêm com os Veículos de Comunicação, utilizando-os no processo eleitoral para ascensão e manutenção de mandatos políticos e, o monopólio da comunicação e das concessões de Radiodifusão no Brasil. Para tanto, analisamos os conceitos desenvolvidos por Venício Lima (2006) na sua teoria do “coronelismo eletrônico”, bem como bibliografia especializada na área, além de websites, artigos científicos e de opinião, principalmente no Observatório da Imprensa. Apesar de a pesquisa ainda está em fase de desenvolvimento, constatamos que os veículos de comunicação de massa são fundamentais para a ascensão e manutenção de mandatos políticos, assim, alcançando o objetivo geral que era analisar a relação dos Políticos com os Veículos de Comunicação

En busca del ciudadano Kane : los dueños de medios de comunicación y su utilización política

Aquesta recerca té com a objecte d'estudi la utilització dels mitjans de comunicació per a finalitats polítiques i intenta analitzar la relació que els polítics professionals mantenen amb els mitjans i com aquests poden ser importants dins d'un procés polític-electoral i per a la formació de l'opinió pública. El nostre objectiu general és, entre d'altres, analitzar l'estructura d'aquests mitjans i grups polítics i descriure com estan situats, utilitzant com a exemple l'estat del Rio Grande do Norte (RN), al Nord-est de Brasil. Partint de les preguntes, ¿a qui pertanyen els mitjans de comunicació i qui té el poder d'informar en l'aquest Estat? anem construïm el marc teòric, analitzant el monopoli i oligopoli en la comunicació a Brasil, especialment a la radiodifusió, en la qual hi ha una gran concentració de concessions públiques en propietat dels polítics professionals amb mandats electius i/o de grups partidaris, què pot ser anomenat de 'coronelismo electrònic'Ésta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la utilización de los medios de comunicación para fines políticos e intenta analizar la relación que los políticos profesionales mantienen con los medios y como estos pueden ser importantes dentro de un proceso político-electoral y para la formación de la opinión pública. Nuestro objetivo general es, entre otros, analizar la estructura de estos medios y grupos políticos y describir como están situados, utilizando como ejemplo el estado del Rio Grande do Norte (RN), en el Nordeste de Brasil. Partiendo de las preguntas, ¿a quién pertenecen los medios de comunicación y quien tiene el poder de informar en el dicho Estado?, vamos construyendo el marco teórico, analizando el monopolio y oligopolio en la comunicación en Brasil, especialmente en la radiodifusión, en la cual hay una gran concentración de concesiones públicas en propiedad de los políticos profesionales con mandatos electivos y/o de grupos partidarios, qué puede ser llamado de 'coronelismo electrónico'The object of study for this investigation is constituted by the means of communication for political purposes. It intends to analyze how politicians interact with the media vehicles and its importance as part of a electoral process and to shape the public opinion. Amongst other issues, our main objective is to analyze the structure of such media and political groups and describe how they're established, using as reference the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), located in the Northeast of Brazil. We will seek to answer the following questions: To whom the means of communication in RN belong and who has the power to inform in this Brazilian state? We will build up our theoretical basis, analyze the monopoly and oligopoly in the Brazilian communication, specially Radio and Television, in which there is a great concentration of public concessions in the hands of politicians serving mandates and/or part of political parties, what we could call "electronic coronelism

La creatividad

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explicar el estado actual del conocimiento en el campo de la creatividad y presentar los diversos ámbitos que se consideran "creativos" a partir del siglo XX. Además es una recopilación de los principales aspectos que aluden al concepto de la "creatividad" desde sus antecedentes históricos hasta la actualidad, retomando teorías y definiciones determinadas en el contexto socio-histórico en el que surgen.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the actual state of knowledge in creativity research and to present the main aspects which are considered as "creative" since the use of this term at the beginning of the 20th century. Besides that this document shows some representative reflections of the concept of "creativity" recapturing the diverse definitions of the social-historical context in which they appear

En busca del ciudadano Kane : los dueños de medios de comunicación y su utilización política

Aquesta recerca té com a objecte d'estudi la utilització dels mitjans de comunicació per a finalitats polítiques i intenta analitzar la relació que els polítics professionals mantenen amb els mitjans i com aquests poden ser importants dins d'un procés polític-electoral i per a la formació de l'opinió pública. El nostre objectiu general és, entre d'altres, analitzar l'estructura d'aquests mitjans i grups polítics i descriure com estan situats, utilitzant com a exemple l'estat del Rio Grande do Norte (RN), al Nord-est de Brasil. Partint de les preguntes, ¿a qui pertanyen els mitjans de comunicació i qui té el poder d'informar en l'aquest Estat? anem construïm el marc teòric, analitzant el monopoli i oligopoli en la comunicació a Brasil, especialment a la radiodifusió, en la qual hi ha una gran concentració de concessions públiques en propietat dels polítics professionals amb mandats electius i/o de grups partidaris, què pot ser anomenat de 'coronelismo electrònic'Ésta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la utilización de los medios de comunicación para fines políticos e intenta analizar la relación que los políticos profesionales mantienen con los medios y como estos pueden ser importantes dentro de un proceso político-electoral y para la formación de la opinión pública. Nuestro objetivo general es, entre otros, analizar la estructura de estos medios y grupos políticos y describir como están situados, utilizando como ejemplo el estado del Rio Grande do Norte (RN), en el Nordeste de Brasil. Partiendo de las preguntas, ¿a quién pertenecen los medios de comunicación y quien tiene el poder de informar en el dicho Estado?, vamos construyendo el marco teórico, analizando el monopolio y oligopolio en la comunicación en Brasil, especialmente en la radiodifusión, en la cual hay una gran concentración de concesiones públicas en propiedad de los políticos profesionales con mandatos electivos y/o de grupos partidarios, qué puede ser llamado de 'coronelismo electrónico'The object of study for this investigation is constituted by the means of communication for political purposes. It intends to analyze how politicians interact with the media vehicles and its importance as part of a electoral process and to shape the public opinion. Amongst other issues, our main objective is to analyze the structure of such media and political groups and describe how they're established, using as reference the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), located in the Northeast of Brazil. We will seek to answer the following questions: To whom the means of communication in RN belong and who has the power to inform in this Brazilian state? We will build up our theoretical basis, analyze the monopoly and oligopoly in the Brazilian communication, specially Radio and Television, in which there is a great concentration of public concessions in the hands of politicians serving mandates and/or part of political parties, what we could call "electronic coronelism

La creatividad

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explicar el estado actual del conocimiento en el campo de la creatividad y presentar los diversos ámbitos que se consideran "creativos" a partir del siglo XX. Además es una recopilación de los principales aspectos que aluden al concepto de la "creatividad" desde sus antecedentes históricos hasta la actualidad, retomando teorías y definiciones determinadas en el contexto socio-histórico en el que surgen.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the actual state of knowledge in creativity research and to present the main aspects which are considered as "creative" since the use of this term at the beginning of the 20th century. Besides that this document shows some representative reflections of the concept of "creativity" recapturing the diverse definitions of the social-historical context in which they appear

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora