Hauliers’ perceptions and attitudes towards farm animal welfare could influence the operational and logistics practices in sheep transport

survey of Mexico-based sheep hauliers was conducted in order to investigate perceptions and attitudes toward farm animal welfare (FAW) and their influence on operational and logistic practices (OLPs) in sheep transportation. The statistical analysis consisted in the application of 2-factor analyses (OLP and animal welfare attitudes), additionally a cluster analysis; the latter allowed a segmentation of hauliers according to their attitudes and OLP. The factor analysis gave 3 OLP factors: logistic issues, economic losses, and welfare losses. In the case of factor analyses about animal welfare attitudes, we obtained 4 factors: training and regulations, animal needs, welfare improvement, and sensibility. The cluster analysis of this study showed the existence of 3 haulier profiles; these were “efficient and concerned,” “efficient and not concerned,” and “not efficient and concerned.” Our results showed that hauliers’ perceptions had a clear influence on the performance of their operative and logistic activities during the sheep transportation. This study highlights the individual hauliers’ risk factors which can be considered to improve not only animal welfare but also indicates the need to consider the transportation as a whole because of potential factor combinations and confusions. The attitudes of sheep hauliers toward FAWare a strategic component that requires being considered when hauliers are trained. If it can be shown that modifying hauliers’ attitudes leads to improved OLP, then there is an opportunity to develop specific training programs to modify certain haulier’s animal welfare attitudes, with a subsequent improvement of sheep welfar

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. strains as potential probiotics for poultry

Probiotics have become one of the potential solutions to global restriction on antibiotic use in food animal production. Bacillus species have been attractive probiotics partially due to their long-term stability during storage. In this study, 200 endospore-forming bacteria isolates were recovered from sourdough and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of young broiler chicks. Based on the production of a series of exoenzymes and survivability under stress conditions similar to those in the poultry GIT, 42 isolates were selected and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seven strains with a profile of high enzymatic activities were further evaluated for sporulation efficiency, biofilm formation, compatibility among themselves (Bacillus spp.), and antagonistic effects against three bacteria pathogenic to poultry and humans: Enterococcus cecorum, Salmonella enterica, and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The strains from sourdough were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens whereas the ones from the chicks’ GIT were Bacillus subtilis. These strains demonstrated remarkable potential as probiotics for poultry.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Diabetes Distress in Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: TODAY2 Study Results

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of high diabetes distress and associated factors in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY2) study cohort of young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants completed the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) at end-of-study visits. Factors examined for association with high distress were demographic (sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, income), medical (HbA1c, BMI, complications), psychological (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (number in household, offspring, health care coverage, established with diabetes care provider). Univariate logistic regression identified factors associated with high distress that were controlled for in multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: Of 438 participants, 66% were female (mean age 26.8 years, 18% non-Hispanic White, 37% non-Hispanic Black, 38% Hispanic). High distress (DDS ≥2) was reported by 105 (24%) participants. Subscales identified 40% with high regimen distress and 29.7% with high emotional burden. A greater percentage of those with high distress were female (P = 0.002), diagnosed with hypertension (P = 0.037) and retinopathy (P = 0.005), treated with insulin, had higher HbA1c, and had moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms (all P \u3c 0.001). In multivariate analyses, female sex (P \u3c 0.001), HbA1c (P \u3c 0.001), anxiety symptoms (P = 0.036), and lack of health care coverage (P = 0.019) were associated with high distress, after controlling for potential confounders. Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were associated with high regimen distress (P = 0.018) and emotional burden (P \u3c 0.001); insulin treatment was associated with high emotional burden (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Future research should identify modifiable factors associated with high diabetes distress in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes that may inform distress interventions with this medically vulnerable group

Avaliação da atividade dos inibidores de tripsina após digestão enzimática em grãos de soja tratados termicamente Evaluation of trypsin inhibitors activity after enzymatic digestion in heat-treated soybean

Este trabalho avalia a reativação dos inibidores de tripsina, após proteólise in vitro, de grãos de soja tratados termicamente. Para a inativação térmica dos inibidores, os grãos foram embebidos em água destilada (1:5 p/v) durante 12 horas e aquecidos em placas sob refluxo por 30 minutos. A reativação dos inibidores foi avaliada em comparação com a atividade das amostras cruas e aquecidas. A digestibilidade in vitro das proteínas variou de 47% ('OC-13') a 59% (Paraná), apresentando uma melhora, em média, de 32,6% com o aquecimento. A atividade dos inibidores de tripsina para os grãos crus variou de 122 a 206 UTI/mg de amostra, e os valores correlacionaram-se negativamente com a porcentagem de digestibilidade (r = -0,9177). Os inibidores tiveram suas atividades totalmente inativadas com o aquecimento dos grãos, os quais apresentaram porcentagem de recuperação, em média, de 40%. Com o aquecimento, a inativação dos inibidores provavelmente ocorre por complexação com os componentes do grão, o que leva à recuperação da atividade com o processo de digestão enzimática.<br>This work evaluates the trypsin inhibitors reactivation, after in vitro proteolysis, of heat-treated soybean. For the inhibitors thermal inactivation, soybeans were soaked in distilled water (1:5 p/v) during 12 hours and heated on reflux plates for 30 minutes. The inhibitors reactivation was evaluated in comparison with the activity of raw and heated samples. The in vitro digestibility of proteins ranged from 47% ( 'OC-13') to 59% ('Parana'), showing an average progress of 32.6% with the heating. The trypsin inhibitors activity ranged from 122 to 206 UTI/mg for the raw sample, and the values correlated negatively with the digestibility percentage (r = - 0.9177). The inhibitors had the activities totally inactivated with the heating of soybeans, which showed an average recovering percentage of 40%. With the heating, the inactivation of inhibitors probably takes place by complexing with the soybean components, which leads to the recovering of activity with the enzymatic digestion process

Childhood and migration

Migration has always accompanied humanity, and over time, until today, it is increasingly complex, being a global phenomenon. International migration, not only that of Mexico-United States, generates multiple positive and negative consequences not only in the demographic and socioeconomic fields in both nations, but also brings with it a drastic change in the social and family scene that lives it. Migration has a psychological impact on the immigrant and on the family that he leaves behind in the country of origin, who is also experiencing a situation of mourning. This chapter was prepared based on knowing the perception that children have about the migratory process, since it allows recognizing experiences, feelings, thoughts and a different point of view from that of adults, hence the importance of the findings that are shown below. As a result of a joint project entitled “Childhood and Migration”, carried out within the framework of the CuMex Chair, the participating research teams are part of the Social Psychology Network and comprise the Autonomous University of Yucatan, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Michoacana University of San Nicolás de Hidalgo, University of Guadalajara (University Center of the Lakes) and Autonomous University of Zacatecas.La migración siempre ha acompañado a la humanidad, y con el transcurso del tiempo, hasta la actualidad, es cada vez más compleja, siendo un fenómeno mundial. La migración internacional, no solo la de México-stados Unidos, genera múltiples consecuencias positivas y negativas no solo en los ámbitos demográficos y socioeconómicos en ambas naciones, sino además, trae consigo un cambio drástico en la escena social y familiar que la vive. La migración supone un impacto psicológico en el inmigrante y en la familia que deja en el país de origen, que también vive una situación de duelo. Este capítulo se elaboró a partir de conocer la percepción que los niños tienen sobre el proceso migratorio, ya que permite reconocer experiencias, sentimientos, pensamientos y un punto de vista diferente al de los adultos, de ahí la importancia de los hallazgos que a continuación se presentan como resultado de un proyecto conjunto titulado “Niñez y migración”, realizado en el marco de los trabajos de la Cátedra CuMex, los equipos de investigación participantes forman parte de la Red de Psicología Social y comprenden a la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Universidad de Guadalajara (Centro Universitario de los Lagos) y Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas

Determination of Free and Bound Phenolic Compounds in Buckwheat Spaghetti by RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS: Effect of Thermal Processing from Farm to Fork

Nowadays there is considerable interest in the consumption of alternative crops as potential recipes for gluten-free products production. Therefore, the use of buckwheat for the production of gluten-free pasta has been investigated in the present study. RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS has been applied for the separation and characterization of free and bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour and buckwheat spaghetti. Thus, 32 free and 24 bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour and spaghetti have been characterized and quantified. To the authors' knowledge, protochatechuic-4-O-glucoside acid and procyanidin A have been detected in buckwheat for the first time. The results have demonstrated a decrease of total free phenolic compounds from farm to fork (from flour to cooked spaghetti) of about 74.5%, with a range between 55.3 and 100%, for individual compounds. The decrease in bound phenols was 80.9%, with a range between 46.2 and 100%. The spaghetti-making process and the cooking caused losses of 46.1 and 49.4% of total phenolic compounds, respectively. Of the total phenolic compounds present in dried spaghetti, 11.6% were dissolved in water after cooking