2,815 research outputs found

    Interdisciplinary Practices in Forensics within American Law Enforcement: The International Context

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    As forensic evidence has come to be of paramount importance within the American criminal justice system, it becomes pertinent to explore current standards, education, and training conducted within forensic investigation units who are actively engaged in crime scene recovery methods. After review of the current state of research within the field both domestically and internationally, an exploratory study was conducted through national surveying of American law enforcement agencies at the municipal, county, state, and federal level. Results indicate the need for reform though development of uniform standards, required educational levels, and enhanced interdisciplinary training in order to ensure the highest levels of documentation, collection, and preservation of forensic evidence. Recommendations regarding future research include evaluative procedures aimed at developing standardization, reforming required educational levels, evaluating available training programs, and increasing knowledge pertaining to the value of national certification

    Calculation of AGARD Wing 445.6 Flutter Using Navier-Stokes Aerodynamics

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    An unsteady, 3D, implicit upwind Euler/Navier-Stokes algorithm is here used to compute the flutter characteristics of Wing 445.6, the AGARD standard aeroelastic configuration for dynamic response, with a view to the discrepancy between Euler characteristics and experimental data. Attention is given to effects of fluid viscosity, structural damping, and number of structural model nodes. The flutter characteristics of the wing are determined using these unsteady generalized aerodynamic forces in a traditional V-g analysis. The V-g analysis indicates that fluid viscosity has a significant effect on the supersonic flutter boundary for this wing

    GROUNDWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN ARID COUNTRIES

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    Radical Prostatectomy: An Option for High-Risk Prostate Cancer

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    Introduction. High-risk prostate cancer represents a therapeutic challenge. The role of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with extreme PSA values is under discussion. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analysed our data of 56 consecutive patients with preoperative PSA ≥ 40 mg/mL undergoing open radical retropubic prostatectomy from 1999 to 2009. Patient survival and time to PSA recurrence were recorded, and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Postoperative quality of life and functional status were investigated using a SF-12 questionnaire and determining the number of pads used per day. Results. Overall 56 patients were available for followup after a median time of 83.84 months. Locally advanced carcinoma was present in 84% while 16% of patients had organ-confined stages. A positive nodal status was observed in 46%. Overall survival was 95% at five and 81% at 10 years. Cancer-specific survival was 100% for five years and 83% for 10 years. Corresponding biochemical recurrence-free survival was low (52% and 11%, resp.). Quality of life and functional outcomes were favourable. Conclusions. In patients with PSA ≥ 40 mg/mL, RP allows long-term control, exact planning of adjuvant treatment, and identification of curable disease

    Magnetic properties of a capped kagome molecule with 60 quantum spins

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    We compute ground-state properties of the isotropic, antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the sodalite cage geometry. This is a 60-spin spherical molecule with 24 vertex-sharing tetrahedra which can be regarded as a molecular analogue of a capped kagome lattice and which has been synthesized with high-spin rare-earth atoms. Here, we focus on the S=1/2S=1/2 case where quantum effects are strongest. We employ the SU(2)-symmetric density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG). We find a threefold degenerate ground state that breaks the spatial symmetry and that splits up the molecule into three large parts which are almost decoupled from each other. This stands in sharp contrast to the behaviour of most known spherical molecules. On a methodological level, the disconnection leads to "glassy dynamics" within the DMRG that cannot be targeted via standard techniques. In the presence of finite magnetic fields, we find broad magnetization plateaus at 4/5, 3/5, and 1/5 of the saturation, which one can understand in terms of localized magnons, singlets, and doublets which are again nearly decoupled from each other. At the saturation field, the zero-point entropy is S=ln(182)5.2S=\ln(182)\approx 5.2 in units of the Boltzmann constant

    NASA Trapezoidal Wing Computations Including Transition and Advanced Turbulence Modeling

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    Flow about the NASA Trapezoidal Wing is computed with several turbulence models by using grids from the first High Lift Prediction Workshop in an effort to advance understanding of computational fluid dynamics modeling for this type of flowfield. Transition is accounted for in many of the computations. In particular, a recently-developed 4-equation transition model is utilized and works well overall. Accounting for transition tends to increase lift and decrease moment, which improves the agreement with experiment. Upper surface flap separation is reduced, and agreement with experimental surface pressures and velocity profiles is improved. The predicted shape of wakes from upstream elements is strongly influenced by grid resolution in regions above the main and flap elements. Turbulence model enhancements to account for rotation and curvature have the general effect of increasing lift and improving the resolution of the wing tip vortex as it convects downstream. However, none of the models improve the prediction of surface pressures near the wing tip, where more grid resolution is needed

    Assessment of Buffet Forcing Function Development Process Using Unsteady Pressure Sensitive Paint

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    A wind tunnel test was conducted at the Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel to characterize the transonic buffet environment of a generic launch vehicle forebody. The test examined a highly instrumented version of the Coe and Nute Model 11 test article first tested in the 1960s. One of the measurement techniques used during this test was unsteady pressure sensitive paint (uPSP) developed at the Arnold Engineering Development Complex. This optical measurement technique measured fluctuating pressures at over 300,000 locations on the surface of the model. The high spatial density of these measurements provided an opportunity to examine in depth the assumptions underpinning the development of buffet forcing functions (BFFs) used in the development of the Space Launch System vehicle. The comparison of discrete-measurement-based BFFs to BFFs developed by continuous surface pressure integration indicates that the current BFF development approach under predicts low frequency content of the BFFs while over predicting high frequency content. Coherence-based adjustments employed to reduce over prediction in the surface integration of discrete pressure measurements contribute to the inaccuracy of the BFFs and their implementation should be reevaluated

    Toward a spatial understanding of staple food and nonstaple food production in Brazil

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    Brazilian agricultural census data at the municipal level are used to develop and map a simple index of staple food versus nonstaple food agriculture for Brazil over time (1996-2006). The results show spatial variation in the direction and degree of the shift toward or away from staple food cropping across Brazil. The index is presented as an important methodological step toward a systematic geographic understanding of crop share changes surrounding food versus fuel and other nonfood crop production. (1996 ?? 2006 ?) Los datos del censo agropecuario brasileno a nivel municipal se utilizan para desarrollar y cartografiar un indice simple de la agricultura de alimentos esenciales versus la de alimentos no esenciales del Brasil durante un tiempo (1996-2006). Los resultados muestran variacion espacial en la direccion y grado del cambio hacia cultivos para alimentacion esencial, o lo contrario, en Brasil. El indice se presenta como un paso metodologico importante hacia un entendimiento geografico sistematico de cambios hacia un tipo de cosecha compartida que privilegia la produccion de alimentos, contra las cosechas para combustibles y otra produccion no alimentaria66224925
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