A Rare Case of Isolated torsion of Haematosalphinx Presenting as Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy

Isolated fallopian tubal torsion is a rare non obstetric cause for pain abdomen during pregnancy.We report a case of a 34 year old second gravida who presented with history of amennorrhoe of 7 months, colicky pain in the left iliac fossa , with 2 episodes of vomiting. A Trans vaginal scan revealed a left ovarian cyst. An emergency laparotomy was performed for suspected torsion or haemorrhage into an ovarian cyst. Surprisingly ovaries were normal and a congested and necrotic left tubal torsion with a tubal collection (haematosalphinx) was identified and a salpingectomy was then performed. The differential diagnosis is discussed and the literature is reviewed as it is a very rare clinical entity

Successful Pregnancy Outcome In Maternal Crigler Najjar Syndrome Type II.

Estimated incidence of Crigler-Najjar syndrome(CNS) is 1 case per 1,000,000 births(1 million). The overall prevalence of CN syndrome is unknown, with only several hundred people reported to have this disease. It is interestingly very rare to encounter a pregnant adult women with congenital jaundice. Pregnancy in CN type II patients is a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge because of the high risk of bilirubin encephalopathy with serious neurological damage as life-threatening complications for the fetus. To date 8 pregnancy outcome have been reported from 5 women and we report the6 woman with a successful 9 th pregnancy outcome. We have discussed detail history, presentation and management during pregnancy and care of the new born

Application of phycoremediation technology in the treatment of wastewater from a leather-processing chemical manufacturing facility

Phycoremediation is the use of algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants from wastewater. Employing this technology in the treatment of industrial effluents presents an alternative to the current practice of using conventional methods, including physical and chemical methods. In the present study, the effluent from a leather-processing chemical manufacturing facility, situated at Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India, was treated using the microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, which was isolated from the effluent itself. The objective of this study was to treat the effluent as well as ETP (effluent treatment plant) solid waste by phycoremediation (pilot-scale field study as well as laboratory study) and to analyse the physico-chemical parameters before and after treatment. The results obtained showed that Chlorella  vulgaris exhibited appreciable nutrient scavenging properties under both laboratory and field conditions, although phycoremediation carried out in sunlight (field study) gave better results. Moreover, the growth of Chlorella vulgaris was faster under field conditions.Keywords: Phycoremediation, microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, effluent, ETP soli

On watermass mixing ratios and regenerated silicon in the Bay of Bengal

56-61Regeneration of silicon on mixing in the Bay of Bengal have been computed from six water masses [Bay of Bengal low saline water (BBLS), Bay of Bengal subsurface water (BBSS), northern southeast high salinity water (NSEHS), north Indian intermediate water (NIIW), Indonesian throughflow water (ITW) and Antarctic bottom water (AABW)]. The distribution of watermass fractions showed that BBLS with a maximum of 80-90% in the 40-60 m depth range and BBSS with 50% in the 150-300 m depth range are prominant. In the intermediate layers, NIIW shows a maximum percentage of 40% in 250-700 m depth region while ITW shows a maximum of 60% in 800-1000 m depth region. The deeper layers (below 3000 m) are predominantly occupied by AABW with a maximum of 70%. Silicon regeneration consequent upon watermass mixing has been worked out based on the characteristics of silicon for individual watermass

Role of Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency, which is associated with morbidity and mortality occasionally. If failed to diagnose early the situation may become more complicated. In acute appendicitis it is not possible to have definitive diagnosis by histopathology preoperatively, we would like a simple test like Alvarado scoring system which depends on the presence and absence of certain variable, which provides an accurate guide to whether or not the patient has the condition. Hence, accurate diagnosis and timely intervention is needed. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the Alvarado scoring system in diagnosing acute appendicitis and its co relation with histopathology. This prospective study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients admitted in the department of general surgery of Narayana Medical College, Nellore with the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The findings based on the Alvarado score indicate that 68% of the subjects had a score of more than 7 and 22% of the subjects had a score between 5 and 7. Only 10% of the subjects had a score between 1 and 4. Out of 83 eligible subjects 75 were found to have acute appendicitis by histopathological examination. Negative appendicectomy was very low representing up to 9.6% whereas the percentage of positive predictive value was high representing up to 90.4%. Although the diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains mainly clinical evaluation, the scoring system is easy, simple and cheap complementary aid for supporting the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Peristaltic flow and hydrodynamic dispersion of a reactive micropolar fluid-simulation of chemical effects in the digestive process

The hydrodynamic dispersion of a solute in peristaltic flow of a reactive incompressible micropolar biofluid is studied as a model of chyme transport in the human intestinal system with wall effects. The long wavelength approximation, Taylor's limiting condition and dynamic boundary conditions at the flexible walls are used to obtain the average effective dispersion coefficient in the presence of combined homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the effective dispersion coefficient are discussed. It is observed that average effective dispersion coefficient increases with amplitude ratio which implies that dispersion is enhanced in the presence of peristalsis. Furthermore average effective dispersion coefficient is also elevated with the micropolar rheological and wall parameters. Conversely dispersion is found to decrease with cross viscosity coefficient, homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction rates. The present simulations provide an important benchmark for future chemo-fluid-structure interaction computational models

Bounding clique-width via perfect graphs

We continue the study into the clique-width of graph classes defined by two forbidden induced graphs. We present three new classes of bounded clique-width and one of unbounded clique-width. The four new graph classes have in common that one of their two forbidden induced subgraphs is the diamond. To prove boundedness of clique-width for the first three cases we develop a technique based on bounding clique covering number in combination with reduction to subclasses of perfect graphs. We extend our proof of unboundedness for the fourth case to show that Graph Isomorphism is Graph Isomorphism-complete on the same graph class

Retrospective model-based inference guides model-free credit assignment

An extensive reinforcement learning literature shows that organisms assign credit efficiently, even under conditions of state uncertainty. However, little is known about credit-assignment when state uncertainty is subsequently resolved. Here, we address this problem within the framework of an interaction between model-free (MF) and model-based (MB) control systems. We present and support experimentally a theory of MB retrospective-inference. Within this framework, a MB system resolves uncertainty that prevailed when actions were taken thus guiding an MF credit-assignment. Using a task in which there was initial uncertainty about the lotteries that were chosen, we found that when participants’ momentary uncertainty about which lottery had generated an outcome was resolved by provision of subsequent information, participants preferentially assigned credit within a MF system to the lottery they retrospectively inferred was responsible for this outcome. These findings extend our knowledge about the range of MB functions and the scope of system interactions

Inter-site pair superconductivity: origins and recent validation experiments

The challenge of understanding high-temperature superconductivity has led to a plethora of ideas, but 30 years after its discovery in cuprates, very few have achieved convincing experimental validation. While Hubbard and t-J models were given a lot of attention, a number of recent experiments appear to give decisive support to the model of real-space inter-site pairing and percolative superconductivity in cuprates. Systematic measurements of the doping dependence of the superfluid density show a linear dependence on superfluid density - rather than doping - over the entire phase diagram, in accordance with the model's predictions. The doping-dependence of the anomalous lattice dynamics of in-plane Cu-O mode vibrations observed by inelastic neutron scattering, gives remarkable reciprocal space signature of the inter-site pairing interaction whose doping dependence closely follows the predicted pair density. Symmetry-specific time-domain spectroscopy shows carrier localization, polaron formation, pairing and superconductivity to be distinct processes occurring on distinct timescales throughout the entire superconducting phase diagram. The three diverse experimental results confirm non-trivial predictions made more than a decade ago by the inter-site pairing model in the cuprates, remarkably also confirming some of the fundamental notions mentioned in the seminal paper on the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates.Comment: Dedicated to Prof. K. A. Mueller on the Occasion of his 90th Birthda

Developing composites of zinc and hydroxyapatite for degradable orthopedic implant applications

In the present work, Zn-HA composites were developed by powder metallurgy route targeted for bone implant applicaitons. Zn-HA powders with varying HA content (1, 2, and 4 wt.%) were ball milled for 1 hr and sintered to produce composite compacts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were done for all the ball milled powders and sintered compacts. No impurities were observed in the ball milled powders. Microstructural observations revealed the formation of lamellar structure in the composites due to the plastic deformation of the Zn powders during ball milling. Grain size measurements revealed the decreased grain size with increase of addition of HA. Furthermore, aspect ratio (length to thickness ratio) of the grains was measured and found that the aspect ratio was also decreased with the increased HA content. Higher microhardness was measured for all the composites compared with pure Zn. However, composite with 1% has shown higher hardness compared with the remaining composites. Form the preliminary observations, it can be concluded that Zn-HA composites can be successfully produced with lamellar morphology by ball milling followed by sintering for biomedical applications with increased hardness