Justification and Interlaced Knowledge at ATLAS, CERN

We report on a longitudinal study of the emergence of the ATLAS detector, a complex technological system developed at CERN, Geneva. Our data show that the coordination of initial architectural choices was driven by cycles of contestation and justification that resulted in the creation of what we term interlaced knowledge-pockets of shared knowledge interwoven within and across subsystem communities at ATLAS. We also found that these justifications were possible because of the presence of a boundary infrastructure that served as a common substrate of knowledge for all ATLAS participants. Together, the boundary infrastructure and interlaced knowledge enabled participants to make co-oriented technological choices, address latent interdependencies, and minimize the incidence and severity of glitches when integrating the various subsystems

Perspectives on disruptive innovations

Everyday experiences speak to the accelerated pace of innovation in this era of continual change. Sometimes, innovations enhance the value of existing products and services. At other times, they render existing business models obsolete, disrupt value‐networks, prompt providers to rethink who their customers are, and lead customers to rethink what they value. What does it mean to manage in such a world of disruptive changes, and how might we research this phenomenon? Together with the contributors to this special issue, we anchor, explore and extend the meanings associated with the concept of disruptive innovation. In particular, we discuss several perspectives on disruption – evolutionary, relational, temporal and framing – that culminate in a performative (as opposed to a predictive) approach to thinking about the phenomenon. In doing so, our intention is to open up the agenda for both researchers and practitioners

The disruptor's dilemma: TiVo and the U.S. television ecosystem

Firms introducing disruptive innovations into multisided ecosystems may confront the disruptor's dilemma – they must gain the support of the very incumbents they disrupt. We examine how these firms may address this dilemma through a longitudinal study of TiVo, a company that pioneered the Digital Video Recorder. Our analysis reveals how TiVo navigated co-opetitive tensions by continually adjusting its strategy, its technology platform, and its relational positioning within the evolving U.S. television industry ecosystem. We theorize how (a) disruption may affect not just specific incumbents, but also the entire ecosystem, (b) co-opetition is not just dyadic, but also multilateral and intertemporal, and (c) strategy is both a deliberative and emergent process involving continual adjustments, as the disruptor attempts to balance co-opetitive tensions over time

Knowledge integration by thinking along

Organizing depends on the integration of specialized knowledge that lies distributed across individuals. There are benefits from specialization, and, yet, the integration of knowledge across boundaries is critical for organizational vitality. How do organizations benefit from knowledge that lies in different domains without having to transfer knowledge? This paper describes results of two exploratory ethnographic studies of knowledge integration in industrial research organizations. It introduces a knowledge integration mechanism - ‘thinking along’ – that has not received much attention by researchers before. Thinking along is a mechanism that allows for knowledge integration without the need for transfer. As a consequence, benefits of specialization obtain even as knowledge from one domain informs knowledge from another. The paper describes how researchers use thinking along to integrate knowledge within and across boundaries. It concludes with implications for knowledge management and future research

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS FOR ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE

During the stage of adolescence, there exists a valuable opportunity to strengthen the advantages of engaging in positive behaviors by means of suitable messages and programs. An association has been observed between EBP and an increase in left ventricular mass among children and adolescents. The significance of this matter lies in the fact that left ventricular hypertrophy has been recognized as a distinct risk factor for CVS disease in the adult population. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the socioeconomic risk factors of Elevated blood pressure(EBP) among the UA and U-SA of Karad.Using a structured questionnaire comprised of five parts (SES characteristics, behavioral risk, lifestyle-related risk factor, anthropometric measurements, general physical examination including vitals (pulse, blood pressure), and hypertension knowledge), data were collected from a total of 310 adolescents in each area via home visits. In this study, we observed an EBP prevalence of 54 individuals, or 18.7% of the total sample. These individuals were pre-HTN in 34 (11%) and HTN in 24 (7.7%). The prevalence of EBP in the U-SA was found to be 46 (14.9%), with 29 (9.4%) individuals having pre-HTN and 17 (5.5%) individuals having HTN. EBP prevalence was higher in UA adolescents than in U-SA adolescents. Unfortunately, this association did not satisfy statistical significance. Statistically significant is the p-value. This study found HTN knowledge gaps among UA and U-SA adolescents. The slum study area had more adolescents with good HTN knowledge, but the UA had more

Sorghum Grain Mold Variability in Fungal Complex

The grain mold complex in sorghum {Sorghum bicolor) involves a number of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi that vary in their frequencies and severities under different environmental conditions (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2000). To provide genetic management for grain mold In sorghum, a clear understanding of the major pathogenic fungi and their variability under different environments is critical. Among the major pathogenic fungi, Fusarium monitiforme (F. verticiOoides) is known to produce fumonisins, a mycotoxin of concern for the use of molded sorghum grains as food and feed (Marasas 1996, Bhat et al. 1997). With the above objective we Initiated a collaborative Sorghum Grain Mold Variability Nursery (SGMVN) between ICRISAT and the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project (AICSIP) ot the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The nursery was coordinated by ICRISAT and conducted at four locations In India during the rainy season 2002. The results of the trials are presented

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERTANAHAN ANTAR MASYARAKAT DESA OLEH KEPALA DESA DITINJAU DARI TEORI KEADILAN (Studi di Desa Donowarih dan Desa Landungsari)

The object of this research is the role of village heads in resolving land disputes between village communities in terms of the theory of justice. The purpose of this study is to know the implementation of the village head's obligations in resolving disputes between village communities, especially in the land sector and to analyze the types of land disputes in the village that can be resolved by the village head. The method used in this legal research is the sociological juridical method, by taking the research location in Malang Regency which is precisely in Donowarih Village, Karangploso District and in Landungsari Village, Dau District. The data in this study were obtained from the results of interviews and literature studies as material for analysis. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate: First: Land disputes that can be resolved by the head is based on the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2007 about the Technical Guidelines for Handling and Resolving the Problems of Typology Land that have occurred in Landungsari and Donowarih Villages namely Land mastery and land Ownership, Limits or Land Plots. Second: The obligation of the village head to resolve disputes between village communities, especially in the land sector, is carried out through alternative mediation dispute resolution, through several stages of deliberation, then if the parties are dissatisfied with the meditation result then they can submit other legal efforts through litigation channels, and in practice the settlement of disputes between villagers by the village head, especially in the land sector, has not fully brought justice to the community. Third: There are several problems in the implementation of land dispute resolution between village communities by the village head due to the lack of professionalism of the village head as a mediato

The liminality of trajectory shifts in institutional entrepreneurship

In this paper, we develop a process model of trajectory shifts in institutional entrepreneurship. We focus on the liminal periods experienced by institutional entrepreneurs when they, unlike the rest of the organization, recognize limits in the present and seek to shift a familiar past into an unfamiliar and uncertain future. Such periods involve a situation where the new possible future, not yet fully formed, exists side-by-side with established innovation trajectories. Trajectory shifts are moments of truth for institutional entrepreneurs, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms of how entrepreneurs reflectively deal with liminality to conceive and bring forth new innovation trajectories. Our in-depth case study research at CarCorp traces three such mechanisms (reflective dissension, imaginative projection, and eliminatory exploration) and builds the basis for understanding the liminality of trajectory shifts. The paper offers theoretical implications for the institutional entrepreneurship literature

Exploration and exploitation in the presence of network externalities

This paper examines the conditions under which exploration of a new, incompatible technologyis conducive to firm growth in the presence of network externalities. In particular, this studyis motivated bythe divergent evolutions of the PC and the workstation markets in response to a new technology: reduced instruction set computing (RISC). In the PC market, Intel has developed new microprocessors bymaintaining compatibilitywith the established architecture, whereas it was radicallyr eplaced byRISC in the workstation market. History indicates that unlike the PC market, the workstation market consisted of a large number of power users, who are less sensitive to compatibilitythan ordinaryusers. Our numerical analysis indicates that the exploration of a new, incompatible technologyis more likelyto increase the chance of firm growth when there are a substantial number of power users or when a new technologyis introduced before an established technologytakes off. (; ; ;

From Business Model to Business Modelling: Modularity and Manipulation

The concept of modularity has gained considerable traction in technology studies as a way to conceive, describe and innovate complex systems, such as product design or organizational structures. In the recent literature, technological modularity has often been intertwined with business model innovation, and scholarship has started investigating how modularity in technology affects changes in business models, both at the cognitive and activity system levels. Yet we still lack a theoretical definition of what modularity is in the business model domain. Business model innovation also encompasses different possibilities of modeling businesses, which are not clearly understood nor classified. We ask when, how and if modularity theory can be extended to business models in order to enable effective and efficient modeling. We distinguish theoretically between modularity for technology and for business models, and investigate the key processes of modularization and manipulation. We introduce the basic operations of business modeling via modular operators adapted from the technological modularity domain, using iconic examples to develop an analogical reasoning between modularity in technology and in business models. Finally, we discuss opportunities for using modularity theory to foster the understanding of business models and modeling, and develop a challenging research agenda for future investigations