Caracterización de especies forestales de la finca San José, vereda Matecaña, corregimiento de caña dulce, municipio de Piendamo, departamento del Cauca.

Imágenes y TablasEl trabajo de caracterización que se desarrolla de las especies forestales permite determinar la cantidad y la calidad en la cual se encuentran las especies nativas existentes en la zona y a su vez permite obtener información precisa de cada una de ellas en cuanto al uso, manejo y clasificación taxonómica por especie, lo cual permite darle la importancia para la conservación y preservación de ellas. Dentro de la planeación y desarrollo del proyecto, se partió de una fotografía aérea de 2009, en la cual se estima la cobertura boscosa de la finca en tan solo 16 ha, donde se desarrolla la caracterización del bosque en cuanto a su estructura a través del levantamiento de 20 secciones. Encontrándose 25 especies forestales de 23 géneros y 19 familias botánicas, las cuales se agrupan en diez categorías de uso.Characterization´s work that develops forest species to determine the quantity and quality in which found native species are present in the area and it allows to obtain accurate information from each of them in the use, handling and sorting taxonomic by species, allowing give it the importance for the conservation and preservation of them. Within of planning and development of project, it was on an aerial photograph of 2009, which is estimated forest cover of only 16 hat, which develops the forest is characterization in terms of structure through the lifting of 20 plots. Found 25 tree species 23 genera and 19 botanical families, which are grouped into ten categories of use

Synthesis, electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of selected quinolinecarbaldehydes and their Schiff base derivatives

A new approach to the synthesis of selected quinolinecarbaldehydes with carbonyl groups located at C5 and/or in C7 positions is presented in this paper in conjunction with spectroscopic characterization of the products. The classical Reimer-Tiemann, Vilsmeier-Haack and Duff aldehyde synthesis methods were compared due to their importance. Computational studies were carried out to explain the preferred selectivity of the presented formylation transformations. A carbene insertion reaction based on Reimer-Tiemann methodology is presented for making 7-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carbaldehyde. Additionally, Duff and Vilsmeier-Haack reactions were used in the double formylation of quinoline derivatives and their analogues benzo[h]quinolin-10-ol, 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-5,7-dicarbaldehyde, 8-(dimethylamino) quinoline-5,7-dicarbaldehyde and 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline-7,9-dicarbaldehyde. Four Schiff base derivatives of 2,6-diisopropylbenzenamine were prepared from selected quinoline-5-carbaldehydes and quinoline-7-carbaldehyde by an efficient synthesis protocol. Their properties have been characterized by a combination of several techniques: MS, HRMS, GC-MS, FTIR, electronic absorption spectroscopy and multinuclear NMR. The electrochemical properties of 8-hydroxy-quinoline-5-carbaldehyde, 6-(dimethylamino)quinoline-5-carbaldehyde and its methylated derivative were investigated, and a strong correlation between the chemical structure and obtained reduction and oxidation potentials was found. The presence of a methyl group facilitates oxidation. In contrast, the reduction potential of methylated compounds was more negative comparing to non-methylated structure. Calculations of frontier molecular orbitals supported the finding. The structures of 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-5,7-dicarbaldehyde and four Schiff bases were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements

Factores socioculturales de la madre o cuidadora que influyen en el abandono del consumo de los multimicronutrientes en los niños menores de tres años en el C. S. La Libertad - Huancayo 2016

El presente trabajo de investigación se hizo con el objetivo de determinar los factores socioculturales de la madre o cuidadora que influyen en el abandono del consumo del multimicronutriente en los niños menores de 3 años del Centro de Salud La Libertad Huancayo. La investigación es una investigación transversal, cuantitativa, ex post facto, no experimenta. La población de estudio Estuvo conformada por todas las madres con niños menores de tres años, los cuales abandonaron el consumo de multimicronutrientes en el año 2016 del Centro de Salud la Libertad- Huancayo, y la muestra Lo constituyeron 310 madres con niños menores de tres años, los cuales abandonaron el consumo de multimicronutrientes en el año 2016 atendidas en el Centro de Salud la Libertad- Huancayo. La técnica aplicada en este tipo de estudio fue la encuesta, el instrumento fue el cuestionario. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: existe un alto porcentaje de madres o cuidadoras de niños menores de 3 años (80.23%) que hizo abandono definitivo y el 19.68% hace abandono temporal. Llegando a la conclusión: El factor social: la edad y grado de instrucción, el factor cultural: creencias de que el multimicronutrientes cambia el sabor de las comidas y el nivel de conocimientos sobre los multimicronutrientes influyen el abandono del consumo del multimicronutriente en madres o cuidadoras de los niños menores de 3 años del Centro de Salud la Libertad Huancayo. (p<0,05).Tesis de segunda especialida

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca y Chocó

Este trabajo se realizó desde el enfoque narrativo, a través de una experiencia colaborativa que tuvo lugar en las regiones de Boyacá, Caldas, Choco y Cundinamarca. El objetivo principal es el reconocimiento de la resiliencia en escenarios de violencia, a través de cada historia narrada de manera contextualizada, de este modo se abarca la realidad de todo un país que ha sufrido los embates de la guerra, así mismo está presente la imagen y narrativa como medio para lograr una catarsis individual y colectiva en los diferentes escenarios que se abordaron. A partir de un análisis crítico sobre el relato de Ana Ligia consignado en Voces Banco Mundial (2009), seguidamente el caso de Peñas Coloradas, se lleva a cabo el análisis de los casos, formulando preguntas y estrategias psicosociales de intervención, se exploraron emergentes psicosociales, factores protectores y de riesgo, además se utiliza la foto voz para explorar los escenarios de violencia, a partir del sentido metafórico. Se concluye de manera general que las intervenciones psicosociales hacen un importante aporte al restablecimiento de los derechos y oportunidades de quienes han sido víctimas de violencia, a través de ellas se logra un impacto positivo en las comunidades, convirtiéndose en ejes centrales de la transformación social mediante la ejecución de estrategias, programas y acciones que generen nuevas oportunidades. También se hacen aportes significativos desde la praxis para profundizar en el manejo y conducción de los procesos sociales de una comunidad, como eje referencial para lograr resignificación.This work was carried out from the narrative approach, through a collaborative experience that took place in the regions of Boyacá, Caldas, Choco and Cundinamarca. The main objective is the recognition of resilience in scenarios of violence, through each story narrated in a contextualized way, in this way the reality of an entire country that has suffered the ravages of war is covered, likewise the image is present. and narrative as a means to achieve an individual and collective catharsis in the different scenarios that were addressed. Based on a critical analysis of the story of Ana Ligia consigned in Voces Banco Mundial (2009), followed by the case of Peñas Coloradas, the analysis of the cases is carried out, formulating questions and psychosocial intervention strategies, emerging psychosocial , protective and risk factors, in addition the photo voice is used to explore the scenes of violence, from the metaphorical sense. It is generally concluded that psychosocial interventions make an important contribution to the restoration of the rights and opportunities of those who have been victims of violence, through which a positive impact is achieved in communities, becoming central axes of social transformation through the execution of strategies, programs and actions that generate new opportunities. Significant contributions are also made from the praxis to deepen the management and conduction of the social processes of a community, as a referential axis to achieve resignification

Predicting Physical Features and Diseases by DNA Analysis: Current Advances and Future Challenges

The 'omics' era and its concomitant technological advances have brought great insight into genetics. One of the most promising fields within human genetics is the prediction of physical traits from analysis of genetic material. Besides the predictive potential of DNA, the traceability of pathogenic agents in the human body through molecular analysis is also a field to be further exploited. In this review, we aim to discuss specific aspects of phenotypic prediction by analysing DNA, with special emphasis on normal variation, and the application of a technology known as ‘Forensic DNA Phenotyping’ (FDP). We also suggest the term ‘Phenotype Informative Markers’ (PIMs) to designate any molecular markers responsible for normal or pathological human phenotypic variation. In addition, we raise some recommendations related to forensic genetics, the molecular diagnosis of human diseases, and the traceability of pathogens in the human body, giving special emphasis to the need for validation of these tests with strict protocols. Some relevant concerns about privacy, ethics, and legality of such predictions have also been discussed. Finally, we look at perspectives on the use of epigenetic tools, and quote some examples of what has been done in this specific field.Fil: Silva de Cerqueira, Caio Cesar. Scientific Police Of Sao Paulo State; BrasilFil: Ramallo, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Azevedo, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Quinto Sanchez, Mirsha Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Paschetta, Carolina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Cintas, Celia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: González, Marina Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Schüler-faccini, Lavinia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil. National Institute of Medical Genetics Population; BrasilFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: González José, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin

Proyecto de emprendimiento social sostenible y sustentable para la elaboración de jabón artesanal a base de aceite de cocina usado.

Durante el transcurso de la carrera hemos adquirido diferentes herramientas y conocimientos que hoy nos permiten realizar una propuesta de emprendimiento social, cuyo objetivo es la producción y comercialización de jabón en barra de uso doméstico para el aseo del hogar, a base de aceite usado de cocina, este proyecto nace con la necesidad de aportar en el cuidado y preservación del medio ambiente. Una vez identificada la problemática generada por el mal manejo del aceite de cocina usado, se realiza un estudio sobre las oportunidades que se pueden generar al reciclar este producto y encontramos que el ACU es una materia indispensable para la fabricación de jabón artesanal biodegradable, velas ecológicas, biocombustibles, lubricantes entre otros. Partimos entonces de que el jabón es uno de los productos indispensables para la canasta familiar y decidimos enfocar el proyecto en la fabricación de jabón en barra para el aseo del hogar a base de aceite usado. Para el desarrollo de la propuesta de emprendimiento social se han aplicado técnicas como la investigación y segmentación de mercados, diseño de plan de mercadeo, gestión del marketing, proyección productiva y evaluación financiera.During the course of the degree we have acquired different tools and knowledge that today allow us to make a proposal for social entrepreneurship, whose objective is the production and commercialization of bar soap for domestic use for household cleaning, based on used cooking oil. , this project was born with the need to contribute to the care and preservation of the environment. Once the problem generated by the mishandling of used cooking oil has been identified, a study is carried out on the opportunities that can be generated by recycling this product and we found that ACU is an essential material for the manufacture of biodegradable handmade soap, ecological candles, biofuels, lubricants among others. So we started from the fact that soap is one of the essential products for the family basket and we decided to focus the project on the manufacture of bar soap for household cleaning based on used oil. For the development of the social entrepreneurship proposal, techniques such as market research and segmentation, marketing plan design, marketing management, productive projection and financial evaluation have been applied

Diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento del cáncer papilar de tiroides y los factores asociados a la presencia de recidivas tumorales

Introducci&oacute;n: En la actualidad, existen diversas t&eacute;cnicasquir&uacute;rgicas para el c&aacute;ncer de tiroides, sin embargo, la recurrenciade &eacute;ste posterior a las mismas no ha sido analizadaen nuestra poblaci&oacute;n, es por ello que el objetivo delpresente estudio fue describir diferentes t&eacute;cnicas quir&uacute;rgicasy los factores asociados a las recidivas en pacientescon c&aacute;ncer papilar de tiroides.Materiales y m&eacute;todos: Se realiz&oacute; un estudio epidemiol&oacute;gico,observacional de cohorte retrospectivo anal&iacute;tico,que se llev&oacute; a cabo en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Mar&iacute;nde la ciudad de Quito en el periodo comprendido entreenero de 2005 y diciembre de 2015. El cual const&oacute; de larecolecci&oacute;n de los datos de 368 sujetos con el diagn&oacute;sticode c&aacute;ncer papilar de tiroides, incluyendo informaci&oacute;nreferente a las caracter&iacute;sticas demogr&aacute;ficas, diagn&oacute;stico,tratamiento y evoluci&oacute;n dentro del hospital.Resultados: Del total de 368 pacientes, el 85,1% (n=313)fueron mujeres y el 14,9% (n=55) fueron hombres, lamedia de edad fue de 48,86&plusmn;13,07, el 38% (n=140) seencontraba en la categor&iacute;a de los menores de 45 a&ntilde;os yel 62% (n=228) en el grupo de mayores de 45 a&ntilde;os, losfactores que se encontraron asociados a la presencia derecidiva fueron, la lobectom&iacute;a, la tiroidectom&iacute;a ampliada,disecci&oacute;n modificada completa de cuello, disecci&oacute;n radicalde cuello, variante histol&oacute;gica columnares altas, mala diferenciaci&oacute;ndel tumor, invasi&oacute;n capsular, invasi&oacute;n vascular,m&aacute;rgenes comprometidos, extensi&oacute;n extratiroidea, m&uacute;sculospretiroideos, lesi&oacute;n del nervio lar&iacute;ngeo recurrente,tr&aacute;quea, laringe, faringe y piel.Conclusi&oacute;n: Se debe realizar un manejo integral del pacientecon c&aacute;ncer de tiroides y definir de manera adecuadala cirug&iacute;a de elecci&oacute;n dependiendo de sus caracter&iacute;sticas,de igual manera se debe determinar fase de seguimientoen aquellos pacientes con los factores previamente mencionadosya que se encuentran en relaci&oacute;n con la recidivadel tumor

Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2021

Banco de la República’s main objective is to preserve the purchasing power of the currency in coordination with the general economic policy that is intended to stabilize output and employment at long-term sustainable levels. Properly meeting the goal assigned to the Bank by the 1991 Constitution critically depends on preserving financial stability. This is understood to be a general condition in which the financial system assesses and manages the financial risks in a way that facilitates the economy’s performance and efficient allocation of resources while, at the same time, it is able to, on its own, absorb, dissipate, and mitigate the shocks that may arise as a result of adverse events. This Financial Stability Report meets the goal of giving Banco de la República’s diagnosis of the financial system’s and its debtors’ recent performance as well as of the main risks and vulnerabilities that could affect the stability of the Colombian economy. In this way, participants in financial markets and the public are being informed, and public debate on trends and risks affecting the system is being encouraged. The results presented here also serve the monetary authority as a basis for making decisions that will enhance financial stability in the general context of its objectives. In recent months, several positive aspects of the financial system have preserved a remarkable degree of continuity and stability: the liquidity and capital adequacy of financial institutions have remained well above the regulatory minimums at both the individual and consolidated levels, the coverage of past-due loans by loan-loss provisions remains high, and the financial markets for public and private debt and stocks have continued to function normally. At the same time, a surge in all the types of loan portfolios, a sharp downturn in the non-performing loan portfolio, and a rise in the profitability of credit institutions can be seen for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic. In line with the general recovery of the economy, the main vulnerability to the stability of the Colombian financial system identified in the previous edition—uncertainty about changes in the non-performing loans portfolio—has receded and remains on a downward trend. In this edition, the main source of vulnerability identified for financial stability in the short term is the system’s exposure to sudden changes in international financial conditions; the results presented in this Report indicate that the system is sufficiently resilient to such scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Leonardo Villar Gomez Governor Box 1 -Decomposition of the Net Interest Margin in Colombia and Chile Wilmar Cabrera Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa Box 2 - Spatial Analysis of New Home Prices in Bogota, Medellín, and Cali Using a Geostatistical Approach María Fernanda Meneses Camilo Eduardo Sánchez Box 3 - Interest Rate Model for the SYSMO Stress Test Exercise Wilmar Cabrera Diego Cuesta Santiago Gamba Camilo Gómez Box 4 - The Transition from LIBOR and other International Benchmark Rates Daniela X. Gualtero Briceño Javier E. Pirateque Niñ

Reporte Estabilidad Financiera - Primer Semestre de 2020

In the face of the multiple shocks currently experienced by the domestic economy (resulting from the drop in oil prices and the appearance of a global pandemic), the Colombian financial system is in a position of sound solvency and adequate liquidity. At the same time, credit quality has been recovering and the exposure of credit institutions to firms with currency mismatches has declined relative to previous episodes of sudden drops in oil prices. These trends are reflected in the recent fading of red and blue tonalities in the performance and credit risk segments of the risk heatmaps in Graphs A and B.1 Naturally, the sudden, unanticipated change in macroeconomic conditions has caused the appearance of vulnerabilities for short-term financial stability. These vulnerabilities require close and continuous monitoring on the part of economic authorities. The main vulnerability is the response of credit and credit risk to a potential, temporarily extreme macroeconomic situation in the context of: (i) recently increased exposure of some banks to household sector, and (ii) reductions in net interest income that have led to a decline in the profitability of the banking business in the recent past. Furthermore, as a consequence of greater uncertainty and risk aversion, occasional problems may arise in the distribution of liquidity between agents and financial markets. With regards to local markets, spikes have been registered in the volatility of public and private fixed income securities in recent weeks that are consistent with the behavior of the international markets and have had a significant impact on the liquidity of those instruments (red portions in the most recent past of some market risk items on the map in Graph A). In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to those vulnerabilities, this Report presents a stress test that evaluates the resilience of credit institutions in the event of a hypothetical scenario thatseeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The scenario assumes a hypothetical negative growth that is temporarily strong but recovers going into the middle of the coming year and has extreme effects on credit quality. The results suggest that credit institutions have the ability to withstand a significant deterioration in economic conditions in the short term. Even though there could be a strong impact on credit, liquidity, and profitability under the scenario being considered, aggregate capital ratios would probably remain at above their regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. In this context, the recent measures taken by both Banco de la República and the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia that are intended to help preserve the financial stability of the Colombian economy become highly relevant. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Juan José Echavarría Governo