Variabilidade Genética Em Populações De Rottboellia Cochinchinensis Na Cultura Da Cana-de-açúcar

The hypothesis assumed was the existence of biotypes within populations, which has been the cause of difficulties in itchgrass control by farmers. For that, the genetic variability of three populations of Rottboellia cochinchinensis in sugarcane fields in the state of São Paulo was investigated by using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Six primers were used to obtain molecular characterization data. AFLP gels were analyzed based on marker presence (1) and absence (0). Using NTSYs (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) software, the genetic similarity was calculated by the Jaccard coefficient and, from that, a dendrogram was built through the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic averages) method, besides determining the isopolymorphic marks. The average genetic similarities seen in the region was 0.742 for Igarapava, 0.793 for Mococa and 0.808 for Piracicaba. Between regions it was 0.730 (Igarapava vs Mococa), 0.735 (Mococa vs Piracicaba) and 0.694 (Igarapava vs Piracicaba). In line with the dendrogram, it is possible to detect the formation of two groups, one with 8 plants from Igarapava and Mococa and the other with 21 plants from Igarapava, Mococa and Piracicaba, as well as the presence of 1 discriminant individual from Piracicaba. It can be concluded that the genetic similarity among itchgrass populations from the state of São Paulo was high (72%), which denotes that the difficulties in chemical management are not only due to different biotypes but also due to other characteristics linked to tolerance of the species to herbicides. However, biotype existence cannot be discarded because of the polymorphic marks generating 22% average genetic variability. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira da Ciencia das Plantas Daninha. All rights reserved.34347548

Growth of CaF2 buffer on Si using low energy cluster beam deposition technique and study of its properties

International audienc

The Differentiation and Promotion of Students’ Rights in Portugal

This investigation includes a differential study (Study 1) and a quasi-experimental research (Study 2). In Study 1, the objective was to establish to what extent students’ rights existed and analyse the differentiation between students’ rights with Portuguese and immigrant mothers, throughout school years. The sample consisted of 537 students with Portuguese and immigrant mothers, distributed by different school years (7th, 9th and 11th grades). The Children’s Rights Scale (Hart et al., 1996; Veiga, 2001) was used. In Study 2, the purpose was to analyse the effects on students’ rights of the use by teachers of a communicational intervention program, supervised by school psychologists. The sample involved 7th and 9th grade students, in a total of four classes, two forming the experimental groups (n = 36) and two the control groups (n = 43); as in Study 1, the Children’s Rights Scale was used. The results indicated the effectiveness of the communicational intervention program on students’ rights and are consistent with previous studies. An implication is that psychologists and teachers, working together and taking a human rights perspective, may develop an important role in projects to promote the students’ rights

Peak effect and its evolution with defect structure in YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films at microwave frequencies

The vortex dynamics in YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films have been studied at microwave frequencies. A pronounced peak in the surface resistance, Rs, is observed in these films at frequencies of 4.88 and 9.55 GHz for magnetic fields varying from 0.2 to 0.8 T. The peak is associated with an order-disorder transformation of the flux line lattice as the temperature or field is increased. The occurrence of the peak in Rs is crucially dependent on the depinning frequency, wp and on the nature and concentration of growth defects present in these films. Introduction of artificial defects by swift heavy ion irradiation with 200 MeV Ag ion at a fluence of 4x1010 ions/cm2 enhances wp and suppresses the peak at 4.88 GHz but the peak at 9.55 GHz remains unaffected. A second peak at lower temperature has also been observed at 9.55 GHz. This is related to twin boundaries from angular dependence studies of Rs. Based on the temperature variation of Rs, vortex phase diagrams have been constructed at 9.55 GHz.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures Submitted to Physical Review

Strategies to overcome heparins’ low oral bioavailability

Even after a century, heparin is still the most effective anticoagulant available with few side effects. The poor oral absorption of heparins triggered the search for strategies to achieve oral bioavailability since this route has evident advantages over parenteral administration. Several approaches emerged, such as conjugation of heparins with bile acids and lipids, formulation with penetration enhancers, and encapsulation of heparins in micro and nanoparticles. Some of these strategies appear to have potential as good delivery systems to overcome heparin’s low oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, none have reached the market yet. Overall, this review aims to provide insights regarding the oral bioavailability of heparin. © 2016 by the author; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work was supported by ERDF, COMPETE, and FCT under the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013, projects PTDC/MAR–BIO/4694/2014 and PTDC/AAG–TEC/0739/2014, and INNOVMAR–Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources, reference NORTE–01–0145–FEDER–000035, Research Line NOVELMAR

The revolving door : evidence from the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Belgium, Greece and Brazil

The following study analyses the academic background and careers of 175 members of Governments and Central Banks of seven countries (Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Greece, Spain and United Kingdom) for the years 1975 and 2015, in order to verify whether the “Revolving Door Theory” can be applied to these cases. After some research on the curricula vitae of the members of Governments and Central Banks, we found that, for instance, that more Government and Central Bank members studied abroad for the case of the UK and US than for the other countries. We also found that it is more common for Central Bank executive members to obtain PhDs than it is the case for Government members. Moreover, external promotions in the Central Banks in 1975 were quite relevant but no cases were registered for 2015; for Governments, the trend was the exact opposite, no external promotions in 1975 but many cases in 2015. While it is not possible to find irrefutable evidence to sustain the Revolving Door hypothesis, it is still possible to find recurrent patterns in different countries that may be explained by that theory. More expanded databases and a larger selection of countries is required for that analysis

Synthesis of new glycosylated flavonoids with inhibitory activity on cell growth

Natural flavonoids and xanthone glycosides display several biological activities, with the glycoside moiety playing an important role in the mechanism of action of these metabolites. Herein, to give further insights into the inhibitory activity on cell growth of these classes of compounds, the synthesis of four flavonoids (5, 6, 9, and 10) and one xanthone (7) containing one or more acetoglycoside moieties was carried out. Acetyl groups were introduced using acetic anhydride and microwave irradiation. The introduction of one or two acetoglycoside moieties in the framework of 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (4) was performed using two synthetic methods: the Michael reaction and the Koenigs-Knorr reaction. The in vitro cell growth inhibitory activity of compounds 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 was investigated in six human tumor cell lines: A375-C5 (malignant melanoma IL-1 insensitive), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), U251 (glioblastoma astrocytoma), U373 (glioblastoma astrocytoma), and U87MG (glioblastoma astrocytoma). The new flavonoid 3-hydroxy-7-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranosyl) flavone (10) was the most potent compound in all tumor cell lines tested, with GI50 values < 8 µM and a notable degree of selectivity for cancer cells. © 2018 by the authors.Funding: This work was supported through national funds provided by Foundation for Science and Technology from the Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education (FCT/MCTES-PIDDAC) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790), PPCDT—Promover a Produção Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Constituição de Redes Temáticas (Project 3599), under the project PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014 in the framework of the programme PT2020 and INNOVMAR—Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources, reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, Research Line NOVELMAR in the framework of North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020). Acknowledgments: Marta Correia-da-Silva thanks FCT for the postdoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/81878/2011 and Ana R. Neves and Patrícia M.A. Silva for the Ph.D. fellowships SFRH/BD/114856/2016 and SFRH/BD/90744/2012, respectively