21,980 research outputs found
Frequency and damping evolution during experimental seismic response of civil engineering structures
The results of the seismic tests on several reinforced-concrete shear walls and a four-storey frame are analysed in this paper. Each specimen was submitted to the action of a horizontal accelerogram, with successive growing amplitudes, using the pseudodynamic method. An analysis of the results allows knowing the evolution of the eigen frequency and damping ratio during the earthquakes thanks to an identification method working in the time domain. The method is formulated as a spatial model in which the stiffness and damping matrices are directly identified from the experimental displacements, velocities and restoring forces. The obtained matrices are then combined with the theoretical mass in order to obtain the eigen frequencies, damping ratios and modes. Those parameters have a great relevance for the design of this type of structures
Active Metal Brazing of Machinable Aluminum Nitride-Based Ceramic to Stainless Steel
Shapal!-M machinable AlN-based ceramic and AISI 304 stainless steel were joined by active metal
brazing, at 750, 800, and 850 !C, with a dwell stage of 10 min at the processing temperature, using a 59Ag-
27.25Cu-12.5In-1.25Ti (wt.%) filler foil. The influences of temperature on the microstructural features of
brazed interfaces and on the shear strength of joints were assessed. The interfacial microstructures were
analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of the phases detected at the
interfaces was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The fracture surfaces of joints
were analyzed by SEM, EDS, and GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction). Reaction between the
liquid braze and both base materials led to the formation of a Ti-rich layer, adjacent to each base material.
Between the Ti-rich layers, the interfaces consist of a (Ag) solid-solution matrix, where coarse (Cu) particles
and either Cu-In or Cu-In-Ti and Cu-Ti intermetallics phases are dispersed. The stronger joints, with shear
strength of 220±32 MPa, were produced after brazing at 800 !C. Fracture of joints occurred preferentially
not only through the ceramic sample but also across the adjoining TiN layer, independent of the
brazing temperature
Critical current of a superconductor measured via injection of spin polarized carriers
In this paper we report a direct evidence of the suppression of critical
current due to pair-breaking in a superconducting micro-bridge when the
measurement is carried out by injecting spin polarised carriers instead of
normal electrons. A thin layer of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 was used as the source of spin
polarised carriers. The micro-bridge was formed on the DyBa2Cu3O7-d thin film
by photo-lithographic techniques. The design of our spin-injection device
allowed us to inject spin-polarised carriers from the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 layer
directly to the DyBa2Cu3O7- d micro-bridge (without any insulating buffer
layer) making it possible to measure the critical current when polarised
electrons alone are injected into the superconductor. Our results confirm the
role of polarised carriers in breaking the Cooper pairs in the superconductor.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Probing BH mass and accretion through X-ray variability in the CDFS
Recent work on nearby AGNs has shown that X-ray variability is correlated
with the mass and accretion rate onto the central SMBH. Here we present the
application of the variability-luminosity relation to high redshift AGNs in the
CDFS, making use of XMM-Newton observations. We use Monte Carlo simulations in
order to properly account for bias and uncertainties introduced by the sparse
sampling and the very low statistics. Our preliminary results indicate that BH
masses span over the range from 10^5 to 10^9 solar mass while accretion rates
range from 10^-3 up to values greater than 1, in unit of Eddington accretion
rate.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures,in press in the X-ray 2009 Conference Proceedings
(Bologna, 7-11 September 2009
Large classical universes emerging from quantum cosmology
It is generally believed that one cannot obtain a large Universe from quantum
cosmological models without an inflationary phase in the classical expanding
era because the typical size of the Universe after leaving the quantum regime
should be around the Planck length, and the standard decelerated classical
expansion after that is not sufficient to enlarge the Universe in the time
available. For instance, in many quantum minisuperspace bouncing models studied
in the literature, solutions where the Universe leave the quantum regime in the
expanding phase with appropriate size have negligible probability amplitude
with respect to solutions leaving this regime around the Planck length. In this
paper, I present a general class of moving gaussian solutions of the
Wheeler-DeWitt equation where the velocity of the wave in minisuperspace along
the scale factor axis, which is the new large parameter introduced in order to
circumvent the abovementioned problem, induces a large acceleration around the
quantum bounce, forcing the Universe to leave the quantum regime sufficiently
big to increase afterwards to the present size, without needing any classical
inflationary phase in between, and with reasonable relative probability
amplitudes with respect to models leaving the quantum regime around the Planck
scale. Furthermore, linear perturbations around this background model are free
of any transplanckian problem.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Evidence for entanglement at high temperatures in an engineered molecular magnet
The molecular compound
[Fe(-oxo)(CHN)(CO)]
was designed and synthesized for the first time and its structure was
determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility
of this compound was measured from 2 to 300 K. The analysis of the
susceptibility data using protocols developed for other spin singlet
ground-state systems indicates that the quantum entanglement would remain at
temperatures up to 732 K, significantly above the highest entanglement
temperature reported to date. The large gap between the ground state and the
first-excited state (282 K) suggests that the spin system may be somewhat
immune to decohering mechanisms. Our measurements strongly suggest that
molecular magnets are promising candidate platforms for quantum information
processing
Tribocorrosion behavior of bio-functionalized highly porous titanium
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic and dental implants, however, some major clinical concerns such as poor wear resistance, lack of bioactivity, and bone resorption due to stress shielding are yet to be overcome. In order to improve these drawbacks, highly porous Ti samples having functionalized surfaces were developed by powder metallurgy with space holder technique followed by anodic treatment. Tribocorrosion tests were performed in 9 g/L NaCl solution using a unidirectional pin-on-disc tribometer under 3 N normal load, 1 Hz frequency and 4 mm track diameter. Open circuit potential (OCP) was measured before, during and after sliding. Worn surfaces investigated by field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results suggested bio-functionalized highly porous samples presented lower tendency to corrosion under sliding against zirconia pin, mainly due to the load carrying effect given by the hard protruded oxide surfaces formed by the anodic treatment.This study was supported by FCT with the reference project UID/EEA/04436/2013, by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) with the reference project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006941, Programa de Accoes Universitarias Integradas Luso-Francesas' (PAUILF TC-12_14), and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation through "Programa de Mobilidade Academica para Professores". The authors also gratefully acknowledge the "Investissements d'avenir" programs (nos. ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02 and ANR-10- EQPX-37 MATMECA Grant) for financial support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Detection of a variable ultra-fast outflow in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1448+273
Relativistically blueshifted absorption features of highly ionised ions, the
so-called ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), have been detected in the X-ray spectra
of a number of accreting supermassive black holes. If these features truly
originate from accretion disc winds accelerated to more than 10 per cent of the
speed of light, their energy budget is very significant and they can contribute
to or even drive galaxy-scale feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN).
However, the UFO spectral features are often weak due to high ionisation of the
outflowing material, and the inference of the wind physical properties can be
complicated by other spectral features in AGN such as relativistic reflection.
Here we study a highly accreting Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1448+273. We
apply an automated, systematic routine for detecting outflows in accreting
systems and achieve an unambiguous detection of a UFO in this AGN. The UFO
absorption is observed in both soft and hard X-ray bands with the XMM-Newton
observatory. The velocity of the outflow is (26900 +- 600) km/s (~0.09c), with
an ionisation parameter of log ({\xi} / erg cm s^-1)=4.03_{-0.08}^{+0.10} and a
column density above 10^23 cm^-2. At the same time, we detect weak warm
absorption features in the spectrum of the object. Our systematic outflow
search suggests the presence of further multi-phase wind structure, but we
cannot claim a significant detection considering the present data quality. The
UFO is not detected in a second, shorter observation with XMM-Newton,
indicating variability in time, observed also in other similar AGN.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl
Evidence for a Variable Ultrafast Outflow in the Newly Discovered Ultraluminous Pulsar NGC 300 ULX-1
Ultraluminous pulsars are a definite proof that persistent super-Eddington
accretion occurs in nature. They support the scenario according to which most
Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) are super-Eddington accretors of stellar
mass rather than sub-Eddington intermediate mass black holes. An important
prediction of theories of supercritical accretion is the existence of powerful
outflows of moderately ionized gas at mildly relativistic speeds. In practice,
the spectral resolution of X-ray gratings such as RGS onboard XMM-Newton is
required to resolve their observational signatures in ULXs. Using RGS, outflows
have been discovered in the spectra of 3 ULXs (none of which are currently
known to be pulsars). Most recently, the fourth ultraluminous pulsar was
discovered in NGC 300. Here we report detection of an ultrafast outflow (UFO)
in the X-ray spectrum of the object, with a significance of more than
3{\sigma}, during one of the two simultaneous observations of the source by
XMM-Newton and NuSTAR in December 2016. The outflow has a projected velocity of
65000 km/s (0.22c) and a high ionisation factor with a log value of 3.9. This
is the first direct evidence for a UFO in a neutron star ULX and also the first
time that this its evidence in a ULX spectrum is seen in both soft and hard
X-ray data simultaneously. We find no evidence of the UFO during the other
observation of the object, which could be explained by either clumpy nature of
the absorber or a slight change in our viewing angle of the accretion flow.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to MNRA
Electron cloud buildup and impedance effects on beam dynamics in the future circular e+eâ collider and experimental characterization of thin TiZrV vacuum chamber coatings
The Future Circular Collider FCC-ee is a study toward a high luminosity electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 91 GeV to 365 GeV. Due to the beam parameters and pipe dimensions, collective effects and electron cloud can be very critical aspects for the machine and can represent the main limitations to its performance. An estimation of the electron cloud build up in the main machine components and an impedance model are required to analyze the induced instabilities and to find solutions for their mitigation. Special attention has been given to the resistive wall impedance associated with a layer of nonevaporable getter (NEG) coating on the vacuum chamber required for electron cloud mitigation. The studies presented in this paper will show that minimizing the thickness of this coating layer is mandatory to increase the single bunch instability thresholds in the proposed lepton collider at 45.6 GeV. For this reason, NEG thin films with thicknesses below 250 nm have been investigated by means of numerical simulations to minimize the resistive wall impedance. In parallel, an extensive measurement campaign was performed at CERN to characterize these thin films, with the purpose of finding the minimum effective thickness satisfying vacuum and electron cloud requirements
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