Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

Introduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with COVID-19, but the effect of frailty has been unclear. Methods: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty, and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation, and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables. Results: Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, IQR 54–83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 vs 18–49: HR 3.57, CI 2.54–5.02), frailty (CFS 8 vs 1–3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29–4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 vs 1–3: OR 7.00, CI 5.27–9.32), delirium, dementia, and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9. Conclusions: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age

Элементы теории информации

Излагаются основные вопросы, связанные с информацией: ее хранение, измерение, преобразование и передача. Рассматриваются варианты передачи информации по каналам связи при отсутствии и наличии помех, а также методы исправления ошибок, возникших при передаче сообщения. Рассмотрены способы защиты информации от кражи и преднамеренных искажений методами криптографии. Для студентов специальности 1-40 01 02 «Информационные системы и технологии (по направлениям)»

A TNR Frameshift Variant in Weimaraner Dogs with an Exercise‐Induced Paroxysmal Movement Disorder

Background: Some paroxysmal movement disorders remain without an identified genetic cause. Objectives: The aim was to identify the causal genetic variant for a paroxysmal dystonia–ataxia syndrome in Weimaraner dogs. Methods: Clinical and diagnostic investigations were performed. Whole genome sequencing of one affected dog was used to identify private homozygous variants against 921 control genomes. Results: Four Weimaraners were presented for episodes of abnormal gait. Results of examinations and diagnostic investigations were unremarkable. Whole genome sequencing revealed a private frameshift variant in the TNR (tenascin‐R) gene in an affected dog, XM_038542431.1:c.831dupC, which is predicted to truncate more than 75% of the open read frame. Genotypes in a cohort of 4 affected and 70 unaffected Weimaraners showed perfect association with the disease phenotype. Conclusions: We report the association of a TNR variant with a paroxysmal dystonia–ataxia syndrome in Weimaraners. It might be relevant to include sequencing of this gene in diagnosing humans with unexplained paroxysmal movement disorders. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society