Una nota sobre estructura de mercado y diversificación bancaria

This paper studies the foundations of the relationship between degree of banking diversification and changes in the structure of markets of financial services. It is also considered the effect on diversification derived from the uncertainty about the future evolution of market structure. It is shown that the degree of banking diversification is positively related to the variables representing the level of competition and uncertainty.Este trabajo establece una relación formal entre el grado de diversificación de una entidad bancaria y los cambios en la estructura de los mercados en los que opera, considerando además la influencia de la incertidumbre respecto de la evolución futura de dicha estructura. Para unas condiciones tecnológicas dadas, se encuentra una relación positiva entre distintas variables representativas del nivel de competencia y el grado de incertidumbre respecto del nivel de diversificación del vector de outputs

Regulación financiera y protección del inversor: 1, 2, 3-- Gescartera

[Resumen] Este libro se compone de dos partes claramente diferenciadas en cuanto a enfoque. En la primera se aborda desde una perspectiva practica los principales cambios acontecidos en el sistema financiero español las ultimas decadas, centrandose en las transformaciones de caracter normativo que tales cambios han inducido. Asimismo, se discute la problematica inherente a la aplicacion del principio proteccion de los intereses de los inversores ante situaciones de fraude o crisis de las que han sido protagonistas algunos intermediarios del sistema financiero español. En este sentido, esta primera parte analiza las caracteristicas del escandalo financiero Gescartera. En la segunda parte el enfoque es teorico, comenzando con un repaso de los principios esenciales que deben guiar la accion normativa en el sistema financiero, asi como de los problemas basicos presenta la accion de los entes reguladores. Tras una reflexion sobre objetivos, se presentan los principales instrumentos con una discusion especial los sistemas de indemnizacion de la clientela, la reforma en la normativa de los recursos propios, las actuaciones encaminadas a la defensa de la competencia y los problemas actuales a los que se enfrenta la actividad de supervision y control

The Singularities of Social Capital in Family Business: An Overview

The application of the concept of social capital to family businesses. How social relations affect family firm

Diversity of bladed bangiales (Rhodophyta) in Western Mediterranean: Recognition of the genus Themis and descriptions of T. ballesterosii sp. nov., T. iberica sp. nov. and Pyropia parva sp. nov.

Versión del edito

Predation risk increases in estuarine bivalves stressed by low salinity

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGSalinity drops in estuaries after heavy rains are expected to increase in frequency and intensity over the next decades, with physiological and ecological consequences for the inhabitant organisms. It was investigated whether low salinity stress increases predation risk on three relevant commercial bivalves in Europe. In laboratory, juveniles of Venerupis corrugata, Cerastoderma edule, and the introduced Ruditapes philippinarum were subjected to low salinities (5, 10 and control 35) during two consecutive days and, afterwards, exposed to one of two common predators in the shellfish beds: the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the gastropod Bolinus brandaris, a non-indigenous species present in some Galician shellfish beds. Two types of choice experiment were done: one offering each predator one prey species previously exposed to one of the three salinities, and the other offering each predator the three prey species at the same time, previously exposed to one of the three salinities. Consumption of both predators and predatory behaviour of C. maenas (handling time, rejections, consumption rate) were measured. Predation rates and foraging behaviour differed, with B. brandaris being more generalist than C. maenas. Still, both predators consumed significantly more stressed (salinity 5 and 10) than non-stressed prey. The overall consumption of the native species C. edule and V. corrugata was greater than that of R. philippinarum, likely due to their vulnerability to low salinity and physical traits (e.g., thinner shell, valve gape). Increasing precipitations can alter salinity gradients in shellfish beds, and thus affect the population dynamics of harvested bivalves via predator–prey interactions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2014-51935-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. BES-2015-074211Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2013-00

Responses to salinity stress in bivalves: Evidence of ontogenetic changes in energetic physiology on Cerastoderma edule

Estuarine bivalves are especially susceptible to salinity fluctuations. Stage-specific sensibilities may influence the structure and spatial distribution of the populations. Here we investigate differences on the energetic strategy of thread drifters (3–4 mm) and sedentary settlers (9–10 mm) of Cerastoderma edule over a wide range of salinities. Several physiological indicators (clearance, respiration and excretion rates, O:N) were measured during acute (2 days) and acclimated responses (7 days of exposure) for both size classes. Our results revealed a common lethal limit for both developmental stages (Salinity 15) but a larger physiological plasticity of thread drifters than sedentary settlers. Acclimation processes in drifters were initiated after 2 days of exposure and they achieved complete acclimation by day 7. Sedentary settlers delay acclimation and at day 7 feeding activity had not resumed and energetic losses through respiration and excretion were higher at the lowest salinity treatment. Different responses facing salinity stress might be related to differences in habitat of each stage. For sedentary settlers which occupy relatively stable niches, energy optimisation include delaying the initiation of the energetically expensive acclimation processes while drifters which occupy less stable environments require a more flexible process which allow them to optimize energy acquisition as fast as possible.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2014–51935-RXunta de Galicia | Ref. POS-B/2016/032Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2013–00

Nursing students? knowledge and attitudes regarding medical marijuana: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Marijuana use for medical purposes dates back to ancient times. Despite its high therapeutic potential, its adverse effects have raised important legal restrictions. However, this situation in Spain may soon undergo significant changes, without anyone so far having studied the knowledge and/or the level of acceptance of medical marijuana by future healthcare professionals. The aim of the present study was to determine nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes towards medical marijuana. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 578 nursing students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), >/=18 years old and of both sexes, were invited to complete the Spanish version of the questionnaire "Medical Marijuana" between January and May 2019. A total of 364 students decided to participate in the study. More than 75% of the students agreed with the legalization of medical marijuana, although their knowledge and confidence levels regarding efficacy, safety and drug interactions of medical marijuana were low. Nursing students showed a clear lack of knowledge about medical marijuana and thus, in light of possible regulatory changes, it would be necessary to strengthen the training of nurses with respect to medical marijuana in order to make responsible use of it