PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA ANTARA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) DENGAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT (STM) PADA POKOK BAHASAN EKOSISTEM KELAS VII DI SMPN 1 PALIMANAN

RATNASARI:Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Siswa antara Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dengan Sains Teknologi Masyarakat (STM) pada Pokok Bahasan Ekosistem Kelas VII Di SMPN 1 Palimanan. Di dalam dunia pendidikan, guru adalah seorang pendidik, pembimbing, pelatih dan pengembang kurikulum yang dapat menciptakan kondisi dan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Dengan menggunakan dua model pembelajaran yaitu CTL dengan STM) guna mengetahui perbandingan hasil belajar siswa antara model pembelajaran CTL dengan STM pada pokok bahasan ekosistem. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model CTL; (2) Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model STM ; (3) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran CTL dengan STM ; (4) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran CTL dengan STM. CTL mengajarkan langkah-langkah yang dapat digunakan dalam berfikir kritis dan kreatif serta memberikan kesempatan untuk menggunakan keahlian berpikir dalam tingkatan yang lebih tinggi ini dalam dunia nyata. Sedangkan STM merupakan model yang mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor yang secara utuh dibentuk dalam diri individu sebagai peserta didik dengan harapan agar diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik angket dan tes, yaitu Pretest dan Posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII, dengan sampel sebanyak dua kelas yang diambil secara Random Sampling. Data hasil tes kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Independent T-test (uji t). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model CTL diperoleh rata-rata nilai N-gain sebesar 0.48 dan termasuk kedalam kategori sedang. Hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model STM diperoleh nilai rata-rata nilai N-gain sebesar 0.59 dan termasuk kedalam kategori sedang. Terdapat perbedaan N-gain hasil belajar siswa antara kelas yang menggunakan model CTL dengan kelas yang menggunakan model STM, dimana N-gain kelas eksperimen II lebih besar dari pada N-gain kelas eksperimen I (0.5939> 0.4827). Respon siswa terhadap menggunakan model pembelajaran CTL dengan STM termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat, yaitu siswa memberikan respon yang positif terhadap penggunaan media tersebut dalam pembelajaran biologi. Kata kunci : hasil belajar siswa, model CTL, model STM, ekosiste

Dynamic Background Reconstruction via MAE for Infrared Small Target Detection

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) under complex backgrounds is a difficult problem, for the differences between targets and backgrounds are not easy to distinguish. Background reconstruction is one of the methods to deal with this problem. This paper proposes an ISTD method based on background reconstruction called Dynamic Background Reconstruction (DBR). DBR consists of three modules: a dynamic shift window module (DSW), a background reconstruction module (BR), and a detection head (DH). BR takes advantage of Vision Transformers in reconstructing missing patches and adopts a grid masking strategy with a masking ratio of 50\% to reconstruct clean backgrounds without targets. To avoid dividing one target into two neighboring patches, resulting in reconstructing failure, DSW is performed before input embedding. DSW calculates offsets, according to which infrared images dynamically shift. To reduce False Positive (FP) cases caused by regarding reconstruction errors as targets, DH utilizes a structure of densely connected Transformer to further improve the detection performance. Experimental results show that DBR achieves the best F1-score on the two ISTD datasets, MFIRST (64.10\%) and SIRST (75.01\%)

DRPN: Making CNN Dynamically Handle Scale Variation

Based on our observations of infrared targets, serious scale variation along within sequence frames has high-frequently occurred. In this paper, we propose a dynamic re-parameterization network (DRPN) to deal with the scale variation and balance the detection precision between small targets and large targets in infrared datasets. DRPN adopts the multiple branches with different sizes of convolution kernels and the dynamic convolution strategy. Multiple branches with different sizes of convolution kernels have different sizes of receptive fields. Dynamic convolution strategy makes DRPN adaptively weight multiple branches. DRPN can dynamically adjust the receptive field according to the scale variation of the target. Besides, in order to maintain effective inference in the test phase, the multi-branch structure is further converted to a single-branch structure via the re-parameterization technique after training. Extensive experiments on FLIR, KAIST, and InfraPlane datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed DRPN. The experimental results show that detectors using the proposed DRPN as the basic structure rather than SKNet or TridentNet obtained the best performances

Characterization of a fatal feline panleukopenia virus derived from giant panda with broad cell tropism and zoonotic potential

Represented by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV), the species carnivore protoparvovirus 1 has a worldwide distribution through continuous ci13rculation in companion animals such as cats and dogs. Subsequently, both FPV and CPV had engaged in host-to-host transfer to other wild animal hosts of the order Carnivora. In the present study, we emphasized the significance of cross-species transmission of parvoviruses with the isolation and characterization of an FPV from giant panda displaying severe and fatal symptoms. The isolated virus, designated pFPV-sc, displayed similar morphology as FPV, while phylogenetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of pFPV-sc clades with Chinese FPV isolates. Despite pFPV-sc is seemingly an outcome of a spillover infection event from domestic cats to giant pandas, our study also provided serological evidence that FPV or other parvoviruses closely related to FPV could be already prevalent in giant pandas in 2011. Initiation of host transfer of pFPV-sc is likely with association to giant panda transferrin receptor (TfR), as TfR of giant panda shares high homology with feline TfR. Strikingly, our data also indicate that pFPV-sc can infect cell lines of other mammal species, including humans. To sum up, observations from this study shall promote future research of cross-host transmission and antiviral intervention of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, and necessitate surveillance studies in thus far unacknowledged potential reservoirs

TELEX HEBDOMADAIRE NR 95 DU 17.09.82 DESTINE A L'ENSEMBLE DES DELEGATIONS EXTERIEURES ET BUREAUX DE PRESS ET D'INFORMATION INDEPENDANTS DANS LES PAYS TIERS = WEEKLY MEMO NO. 95 FOR 17.09.82 TO FOREIGN DELEGATIONS AND PRESS BUREAUS OF THIRD COUNTRIES

<p>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results of (A) commercial surfactin sample, and (B) our extract surfactin of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> HH2 in LB medium. There were three main peaks (Peak A-C) of the extract and the surfactin standard in the same location.</p

The Mitochondrial Genome of Baylisascaris procyonis

BACKGROUND: Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascaridida), an intestinal nematode of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis due to serious or fatal larval migrans in animals and humans. Despite its significant veterinary and public health impact, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite remain largely unexplored. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes can provide a foundation for investigations in these areas and assist in the diagnosis and control of B. procyonis. In this study, the first complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis was determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based primer-walking strategy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The circular mt genome (14781 bp) of B. procyonis contained 12 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes congruent with other chromadorean nematodes. Interestingly, the B. procyonis mtDNA featured an extremely long AT-rich region (1375 bp) and a high number of intergenic spacers (17), making it unique compared with other secernentean nematodes characterized to date. Additionally, the entire genome displayed notable levels of AT skew and GC skew. Based on pairwise comparisons and sliding window analysis of mt genes among the available 11 Ascaridida mtDNAs, new primer pairs were designed to amplify specific short fragments of the genes cytb (548 bp fragment) and rrnL (200 bp fragment) in the B. procyonis mtDNA, and tested as possible alternatives to existing mt molecular beacons for Ascaridida. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of mtDNAs provided novel estimates of the interrelationships of Baylisasaris and Ascaridida. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis sequenced here should contribute to molecular diagnostic methods, epidemiological investigations and ecological studies of B. procyonis and other related ascaridoids. The information will be important in refining the phylogenetic relationships within the order Ascaridida and enriching the resource of markers for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of parasitic nematodes of socio-economic importance

China and the Law of the Sea: Implications for Arctic Governance

acceptedVersio

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Heat Transfer Coefficients of Building External Surfaces in the Tropical Island Region

China is actively promoting ocean territory construction, and how to design low-energy buildings to fit the unique climate of tropical island regions has received much attention. The heat transfer coefficient of a building external surface plays a vital role in calculating air-conditioning load accurately. To obtain reasonable heat transfer coefficients in the tropical island region, this study introduced a naphthalene sublimation experiment to conduct full-scale measurements on convective heat transfer coefficients (CHTCs) in the tropical island region, and proposed a simplified calculation model of evaporative heat transfer coefficients (EHTCs). Results indicated that the function expression between CHTC and wind speed was CHTC = 5.56 + 4.48u (R2 = 0.94), and it was validated to be reliable. Furthermore, compared with CHTCs and radiation heat transfer coefficients (RHTCs), the EHTC had a wider changing range, owing to rainfall effects. Moreover, whether evaporation was considered or not, the difference of total heat transfer coefficients (THTCs) on building external surfaces was 5.2 W/(m2&middot;K) for the whole year, so evaporation cannot be ignored directly. Additionally, THTCs with consideration of evaporation in winter and summer were 33.4 W/(m2&middot;K) and 38.9 W/(m2&middot;K) severally, which are much larger than the recommended values in the Chinese standard. This study would make up for the lack of surface heat transfer coefficients in energy conservation design of tropical island buildings