Effect of organic matter, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride on the percentage of the macronutrients of the dry matter of the aerial part of the yellow passion fruit.

O trabalho visa verificar o efeito da matéria orgânica do superfosfato simples e do cloreto de potássio na percentagem de macronutrientes da matéria seca da parte aérea do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa Deneger). O experimento foi conduzido num viveiro de mudas da ESAL, Lavras, MG, de setembro a novembro de 1984. 0 delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 3, sendo quatro doses de matéria orgânica, quatro doses de superfosfato simples e três doses de eloreto de potássio, com três repetições, num total de 48 tratamentos e 144 parcelas, sendo cada parcela constituída de seis sacos de polietileno. As mudas foram retiradas 70 dias após a semeadura, para serem feitas as avaliações. O aumento das doses de matéria orgânica provocou aumento nos valores da percentagem de Mg na matéria seca da parte aérea. O aumento das doses de superfosfato simples provocou aumento nos valores da percentagem de Ca e diminuição de N, K e Mg na matéria seca da parte aérea. O aumento das doses de cloreto de potássio provocou aumento nos valores de percentagem de K e diminuição de N e Mg na matéria seca da parte aérea.- A study was carried out to verify the effect of organic in matter, simple superphosphate and potassium chioride on the percentage of macronutrients ia the dry matter of the aerial part of the yellow passion fruit (Pass(flora edulis f. flavicarpa Deneger). The experiment was carried out in a seedling nursery of ESAL - Lavras, MG, Brazil, from September to November 1984. The experimental design, used was completely randomized in a 4 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme, the factors being 4 dosages of organic matter, 4 dosages of simple superphosphate and three dosages of potassium chloride with three replicates, in a total of 48 treatments and 144 plots, each plot comprising six polyethylene bags. The seedlings were removed 70 days after sowing in order to carry out the evaluations. The increase in the dosages of organic matter caused and increase in the values of the percentage of Mg in the dry matter of the aerial part. The increase in the dosages of simple superphosphate caused an increase in the values of the percentage of Ca and decrease of N, K and Mg in the dry matter of the leaf area. The increase in the dosages of potassium chloride caused an increase in the values of percentage of K and decrease of N and Mg in the dry matter of the leaf area

Estimation of genetic parameters, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations on Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) grown under irrigation conditions in the Brazilian Savannah.

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the heritability of traits through phenotypic, genetic and environmental parameters related to the production components and agro-morphological characters: plant height (PHt), days to heading, lodging, grain yield (YLD), thousand kernels weight (TKW), protein content, and commercial classification of grains (CLASS) of an elite collection of 39 barley genotypes grown under irrigated conditions in the savannah of Central Brazil. The experiment was planted under irrigation on May 2009 at Embrapa Cerrados, Federal District, Brazil. A complete randomized block design with four replicates was used. Genetic variability was observed among the tested genotypes. The genotypic correlations (in absolute values) found for all traits were greater than their corresponding phenotypic and environmental correlations. A significant influence of genetic factors on trait expression was observed. It could be concluded that the phenotypic expression is decreased depending on the environmental conditions. The greatest magnitudes for the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were found for TKW and CLASS. Trait YLD was positively correlated to PHt in terms of genotypic and phenotypic correlation. The selection accuracy was rated high for all traits. The high magnitudes found in the estimation of broad sense heritability indicated the existence of genetic variability, showing the possibility of obtaining genetic gains through the selection for all characters

Efeito da matéria orgânica, do superfosfato simples e do cloreto de potássio na formação de mudas do maracujazeiro amarelo

This study was conducted to verify the effect of organic matter (manure), simple superphosphate and potassium chloride on the formation of seedlings of the yellow passion-fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deneger). The experiment was carried out in one of the seedling nurseries of ESAL, In Lavras, MG, Brazil, from September to November of 1984. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 4 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme, the factors being four dosages of organic matter (0; 100; 200 e 300 l/m³ of soil), four dosages of simple superphosphate (0,0; 3,0; 6,0  e 9,0 kg/m3 of soil) and three dosages of potassium chloride (0,0; 0,5  e 1,0 kg/m³ of soil) and with three replicates giving a total of 49 treatments and 144 plots, each plot comprising six polyethylene bags. The seedlings were removed 70 days after sowing in order to carry out the assessments. Increase in the dosagens of organic matter and simple superphosphate caused increases in the values of the growth characteristics compared to the untreated controls. Increases in the dosages of potassium chloride caused decreases in the values of dry matter weight of the root system compared to the untreated controls.Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da matéria orgânica (esterco de curral), do superfosfato simples e do cloreto de potássio na formação de mudas do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deneger). O experimento foi conduzido num dos viveiros de produção de mudas da ESAL, em Lavras, MG, de setembro a novembro de 1984. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 3, sendo quatro doses de matéria orgânica, (0; 100; 200 e 300 l/m³ de solo), quatro doses de superfosfato simples, (0,0; 3,0; 6,0  e 9,0 kg/m3 de solo) e três doses de cloreto de potássio (0,0; 0,5  e 1,0 kg/m3 de solo)  e com três repetições, dando um total de 48 tratamentos e 144 parcelas, sendo cada parcela constituída de seis sacos de polietileno. As mudas foram retiradas 70 dias após a semeadura, para serem feitas as avaliações. O aumento das doses de matéria orgânica e superfosfato simples provocou aumento nos valores das características de crescimento, em relação à não-aplicação. E o aumento das doses de cloreto de potássio provocou diminuição nos valores do peso da matéria seca do sistema radicular, em relação à não-aplicação

Yield, maturation cycle, and estimates of genetic parameters of Robusta coffee genotypes under irrigation in the Cerrado

Eighty-five Coffea canephora genotypes were evaluated for three crop seasons under irrigation in the Cerrado of the Distrito Federal, Brazil, to characterize the population regarding phenotype, yield and maturation cycle. The experiment was conducted through the Basic Model of Repeatability without Design methodology. Regarding the cycles, genotypes were divided into four groups with the following periods, in days, from resumption of irrigation to the cherry stage: very early (243-255), early (256-267), medium (268-280), and semi-late (281-293). For yield, the repeatability obtained was approximately 33%, a medium value that represents the proportion of the permanent phenotypic variance in relation to the total phenotypic variance. The average repeatability obtained surpassed 59%, and accuracy, with three crop seasons, reached 77%. The selection gains obtained may be higher than 38%. There are promising genotypes for cultivation in the region under study. The mean repeatability and the accuracy obtained favor selection based on phenotypes

Screening of sour passion fruit for reaction to bacterial spot and passion fruit woodiness disease

The development of resistant varieties is a promising strategy for bacterial spot disease (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae-Xap) and passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD; Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus-CABMV) control in sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). This study aimed at evaluating the reaction of 12 sour passion fruit half-sib progenies to both mechanically inoculated Xap and CABMV, under protected cultivation. The bacterial spot and PWD severity degrees observed reveal the existence of variability within progenies. MAR20#2005 and BRS GA1 revealed the lowest bacterial disease severity scores while MAR20#41, MAR20#2005, and Rosa Intenso 1 showed the lowest PWD severity scores. MAR20#41 presented the lowest disease incidence in all evaluations, demonstrating a slow increase in the number of plants with symptoms over time. Also, MAR20#41 stood out as the progeny with the greatest number of plants presenting resistance to PWD at the end of the study. Among the progenies selected, MAR20#2005 was the most promising for presenting the lowest severity scores for both bacterial spot and PWD

Agronomic characteristics of tomato genotypes ('Salad' type) during winter season, in Araguari, Minas Gerais

O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Araguari (MG), na época de inverno, com o objetivo de verificar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de tomateiro tipo 'Salada'. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 18 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As colheitas iniciaram 76 dias após o transplante, de 03/08/1996 a 05/10/1996, para a maioria dos genótipos, sendo feito um total de 18 colheitas. Como resultado os genótipos T-8, T-10, Barão Vermelho AG-561, Carmen, Agora e Olimpo superaram significativamente as demais em produtividade comercial, variando de 125,3 t/ha (Olimpo) a 142,6 t/ha (T-8), sendo portanto recomendáveis para a região, no período de inverno. Mais de 60% dos genótipos tiveram frutos com peso médio superior a 200 g, com destaque para Barão Vermelho AG-561 (259,50 g) e Sunbolt (255,75 g) que apresentaram mais de 30% de frutos do tipo extra AA, sendo superados apenas pelo genótipo Carmen, porém com padrão de fruto bem diferente em tamanho. Com mais de 44% de frutos tipo extra A destacaram-se os genótipos Super Marmande, T-8, Sunbeam e AG-233. O genótipo Agora destacou-se com frutos do tipo primeira (59,70%).A field trial was carried out in Araguari, Brazil, during the winter season, to evaluate the agronomic potential of eighteen tomato genotypes ('Salad' type). A randomized blocks design with four replications was used. A total of 18 harvests were carried out, beginning 76 days after transplanting, from August, 3rd to October, 5th, 1996. In general, the genotypes T-8, T-10, Barão Vermelho AG-561, Carmen, Agora and Olimpo presented higher yields, varying from 125.3 t/ha (Olimpo) to 142.6 t/ha (T-8). These genotypes can be cultivated in this region, during the winter season. More than 60% of the tomato genotypes presented fruits with 200 g, the outstanding one being the Barão Vermelho AG-561 (259,50 g) and Sunbolt (255,75g), with more than 30% of type extra AA. 'Carmen' was superior, indeed the fruits were very irregular in size. Genotypes Super Marmande, T-8, Sunbeam and AG-233 presented more than 44% of extra A fruits. Genotype Agora (59,70%) was outstanding, equal to the first type

Microbiological quality and productivity of lettuce under chemical and organic fertilization

A contaminação de hortaliças por micro-oganismos patogênicos é uma realidade. Os adubos orgânicos têm sido responsabilizados por algumas contaminações de hortaliças observadas no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a contaminação de alface por Salmonella sp. e coliformes a 45 °C, cultivada sob adubação orgânica. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, em cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - Testemunha (sem adubação); T2 - Adubação química; T3 - Esterco de galinha; T4 - Esterco bovino; T5 - Húmus de minhoca; e T6 - Composto orgânico. As variáveis analisadas foram matéria fresca, matéria seca, macro e micronutrientes e contaminação microbiológica. Foi observada maior obtenção de matéria fresca nas parcelas adubadas com esterco de galinha (543 g), que diferiu estatisticamente da produção observada nos demais tratamentos. Não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre tratamentos para matéria seca, com exceção da parcela com composto orgânico que apresentou o menor valor (3,7%). Não foi observada contaminação do solo e nem dos adubos orgânicos por esses micro-organismos. Porém, foi observada contaminação da água de irrigação e da alface por coliformes fecais. Existem fortes indícios de que a água de irrigação tenha sido o principal veículo de contaminação.Vegetable contamination with lethal microorganisms is a reality. Organic manure has been considered responsible for vegetable contamination in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the yield and lettuce contamination by Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms, at 45 °C, grown under organic fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks composed with 6 treatments in five replicates. The treatments were: T1 - Control (no fertilization); T2 - Chemical fertilization; T3 - Chicken manure; T4 - Cattle manure; T5 - Worm manure, and T6 - Organic compost. Fresh weight, dry matter percentage, macro and micronutrients, and microbiological contamination were recorded. The highest lettuce weight was observed in the parcels fertilized with chicken manure (543 g), which differed statistically from the weights observed in the other treatments. On the other hand, no statistical difference was observed in the dry matter percentage among the different treatments, with the exception of the value observed at the organic compost treatment, which was the lowest (3,7%). The soil and organic manure samples were not contaminated by Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms. Nevertheless, irrigation water and lettuce samples were contaminated by fecal coliforms. There is strong evidence that irrigation water was the main source of lettuce contamination

Reaction of passion fruit genotypes to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica)

O nematóide das galhas é apontado como uma das causas da baixa produtividade de inúmeras lavouras de maracujá-azedo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo aos nematóides das galhas, formado pela mistura de Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação utilizando o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e 6 plantas úteis por unidade experimental, em esquema de parcela subdividida com quatro níveis de inóculo: 0; 25; 50 e 75 ovos/ml de substrato, correspondendo as populações iniciais de 0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por muda, respectivamente, distribuídos nas parcelas e quatro genótipos: Redondão, Yelow Máster FB-100, F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) e MAR 20#41, nas subparcelas, totalizando 16 tratamentos. Mudas produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno, contendo substrato artificial à base de vermiculita mais casca de Pinus spp. foram inoculadas aos 40 dias após a semeadura. Avaliações no crescimento vegetativo das plantas e número de galhas foram realizadas noventa dias após a inoculação. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no crescimento das plantas em função do nível de inóculo. O uso de 3.000 e 6.000 ovos do nematóide por planta resultou em diferença significativa no número de galhas. O genótipo Redondão foi superior às demais cultivares quanto às variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento vegetativo, exceto quanto à massa da matéria fresca de raiz. O genótipo Redondão apresentou moderada resistência quando inoculado com 3.000 ovos por planta do nematóide e moderada suscetibilidade com 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por planta, enquanto o híbrido F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) mostrou moderada suscetibilidade com 3.000 ovos por planta e suscetibilidade com 6.000 e 9.000 ovos por planta. Os demais genótipos mostraram moderada suscetibilidade nas três diferentes concentrações de inóculo de Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica). _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe root knot nematode has been the main reasons for low productivity of several passionfruit plantations in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of passionfruit genotypes to knot root nematode Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse with four randomized blocks and six plants per experimental unit, with a split plot design and four levels of inoculum (0; 25; 50 e 75 eggs/ml of substrate, corresponding to initial population of 0; 3.000; 6.000 e 9.000 eggs per seedling, respectively), as the main plot four genotypes (Redondão, Yelow Máster FB-100, F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) and MAR 20#41), were the sub plots, with a total of sixteen treatments. Seedlings were grown in polystyrene trays, with an artificial substrate of vermiculite plus Pinus spp bark inculated 40 days after planting. Evaluations of plant growth and number of root knot were carried out ninety days after inoculation. There were no significant differences on plant growth in relation to level of inoculum. The use of 3.000 and 6.000 eggs of nematodes/plant led to a significant difference in number of root knot. The genotype Redondão was superior for all parameters related to vegetative growth, with exception of root fresh weight. The genotype Redondão showed moderated resistance, when inoculated with 3000 eggs of nematode per plant, while the hybrid F1 (Marília x Roxo Australiano) showed moderated susceptibility with 3.000 eggs per plant and susceptibility with 6.000 and 9.000 eggs per plant. The other genotypes showed moderated susceptibility at all different inoculum concentration of Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica)