NONCONSTANT PRICE EXPECTATIONS AND ACREAGE RESPONSE: THE CASE OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN GEORGIA

An adaptive regression model is used to examine the relative importance of cash and government support prices in determining cotton production over time. The results show that the cash price is more important as a source of price information for cotton producers than the government program price. The cash price was shown to have a greater influence on acreage response in every year, including periods thought to be dominated by government commodity programs.Adaptive regression, Cotton acreage response, Price expectations, Crop Production/Industries,

Student Perceptions of Simulation Games and Training Software on Improving Course Learning Objectives and Career Preparedness

Online simulation and training games were used in two undergraduate courses in agribusiness to help improve student understanding and course objectives. Students responded positively to the teaching activities. The activities also extended the out of class learning environment.student outcomes, technology in the classroom, simulation and teaching, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, A20, A22,

Developing cross disciplinary skills through an undergraduate research project

Undergraduate students can benefit from a research experience with a faculty mentor. Students perceived the research project and faculty mentorship as more beneficial than directed coursework. Mentoring is key to enhancing undergraduate research experiences, but the impact on time should be considered. Linkages between coursework and application should also be considered.student mentor, undergraduate research, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Q1,

CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND CROP PRICE TRENDS IN WEST TENNESSEE: A BIVARIATE GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Weather aberrations like drought and extremely high temperatures have been associated with adverse impacts on crop yields particularly in agricultural production areas that extensively rely on rainfall. Extremely dry weather accompanied with low or negligible precipitation often leads to crop failure, resulting in decline of supplies and increasing crop prices. Among the recent climatic events of importance, U.S agriculture as a whole experienced one of its worst droughts in mid-year 2012 over a three decade horizon. The 2012 drought had serious implications particularly in the major production areas of Midwest and Southeast U.S damaging vast portions of field crops like corn and soybeans subsequently leading to increase in farm prices. The objective of this study is to conduct a bivariate granger causality analysis for climatic indicators causing soybean price changes over a study period from 1975-2013. The results indicate that a significant causality was detected for precipitation impacting commodity price movements for soybeans. No significant evidence was obtained for the presence of Granger causality between temperature related indicators (maximum, minimum, and average) and soybeans prices. The outcome of this study provides an initial insight into the causality between climatic indicators and commodity price movements for soybeans in the study region, and emphasizes the existence of causality for commodity prices by precipitation changes as compared to changes in temperature, especially in the absence of irrigation based production in the region

CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND CROP PRICE TRENDS IN WEST TENNESSEE: A BIVARIATE GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Weather aberrations like drought and extremely high temperatures have been associated with adverse impacts on crop yields particularly in agricultural production areas that extensively rely on rainfall. Extremely dry weather accompanied with low or negligible precipitation often leads to crop failure, resulting in decline of supplies and increasing crop prices. Among the recent climatic events of importance, U.S agriculture as a whole experienced one of its worst droughts in mid-year 2012 over a three decade horizon. The 2012 drought had serious implications particularly in the major production areas of Midwest and Southeast U.S damaging vast portions of field crops like corn and soybeans subsequently leading to increase in farm prices. The objective of this study is to conduct a bivariate granger causality analysis for climatic indicators causing soybean price changes over a study period from 1975-2013. The results indicate that a significant causality was detected for precipitation impacting commodity price movements for soybeans. No significant evidence was obtained for the presence of Granger causality between temperature related indicators (maximum, minimum, and average) and soybeans prices. The outcome of this study provides an initial insight into the causality between climatic indicators and commodity price movements for soybeans in the study region, and emphasizes the existence of causality for commodity prices by precipitation changes as compared to changes in temperature, especially in the absence of irrigation based production in the region

Investigating the impact of remote neuroanatomy education during the COVID-19 pandemic using online examination performance in a National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition

Neuroanatomy is a notoriously challenging subject for medical students to learn. Due to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, anatomical education transitioned to an online format. We assessed student performance in, and attitudes toward, an online neuroanatomy assessment compared to an in-person equivalent, as a marker of the efficacy of remote neuroanatomy education. Participants in the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC) 2021 undertook two online examinations: a neuroanatomically themed multiple-choice question paper and anatomy spotter. Students completed pre- and post-examination questionnaires to gauge their attitudes toward the online competition and prior experience of online anatomical teaching/assessment. To evaluate performance, we compared scores of students who sat the online (2021) and in-person (2017) examinations, using 12 identical neuroradiology questions present in both years. Forty-six percent of NUNC 2021 participants had taken an online anatomy examination in the previous 12?months, but this did not impact examination performance significantly (p?>?0.05). There was no significant difference in examination scores between in-person and online examinations using the 12 neuroradiology questions (p?=?0.69). Fifty percent of participants found the online format less enjoyable, with 63% citing significantly fewer networking opportunities. The online competition was less stressful for 55% of participants. This study provides some evidence to suggest that student performance is not affected when undertaking online examinations and proposes that online neuroanatomy teaching methods, particularly for neuroradiology, may be equally as effective as in-person approaches within this context. Participants perceived online examinations as less stressful but raised concerns surrounding the networking potential and enjoyment of online events.Peer reviewe

Embryogenic cell suspensions for high-capacity genetic transformation and regeneration of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a North American prairie grassland species, is a potential lignocellulosic biofuel feedstock owing to its wide adaptability and biomass production. Production and genetic manipulation of switchgrass should be useful to improve its biomass composition and production for bioenergy applications. The goal of this project was to develop a high-throughput stable switchgrass transformation method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with subsequent plant regeneration. Results Regenerable embryogenic cell suspension cultures were established from friable type II callus-derived inflorescences using two genotypes selected from the synthetic switchgrass variety ‘Performer’ tissue culture lines 32 and 605. The cell suspension cultures were composed of a heterogeneous fine mixture culture of single cells and aggregates. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 was optimum to transfer into cells the pANIC-10A vector with a hygromycin-selectable marker gene and a pporRFP orange fluorescent protein marker gene at an 85% transformation efficiency. Liquid cultures gave rise to embryogenic callus and then shoots, of which up to 94% formed roots. The resulting transgenic plants were phenotypically indistinguishable from the non-transgenic parent lines. Conclusion The new cell suspension-based protocol enables high-throughput Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of switchgrass in which plants are recovered within 6–7 months from culture establishment

A new conceptual framework for revenge firesetting

Revenge has frequently been acknowledged to account for a relatively large proportion of motives in deliberate firesetting. However, very little is actually known about the aetiology of revenge firesetting. Theoretical approaches to revenge-seeking behaviour are discussed. A brief review of how revenge is accounted for in existing theoretical explanations of deliberate firesetting and the known characteristics of revenge firesetters are provided. On this basis, the authors suggest, as a motive, revenge firesetting has to date been misconceptualised. A new conceptual framework is thus proposed, paying particular attention to the contextual, affective, cognitive, volitional and behavioural factors which may influence and generate a single episode of revenge firesetting. Treatment implications and suggestions for future research are also provided

The Vehicle, Fall 1982

Vol. 24, No. 1 Table of Contents Winter SurveillanceB.L. Davidsonpage 3 The InvitationBecky Lawsonpage 4 Check In, Check OutSteve Sandstrompage 4 On The Front Porch StepKeila Tooleypage 5 Old Greek ManDevon Flesorpage 5 Exotic PassionsBecky Lawsonpage 6 PhotographLisa Owenspage 7 Beyond The ThornsBrook Wilsonpage 8 Ritual Of HeatB.L. Davidsonpage 11 The GamerBecky Lawsonpage 12 It\u27s OverKeila Tooleypage 13 DreamJohn Stockmanpage 14 Silver DollarGina J. Grillopage 15 The DancerJessica Lewispage 16 Snapshots Of Rural IllinoisIsabel M. Parrottpage 16 The Last SeasonTheresa Whitesidepage 17 DrawingKaren Haneypage 17 Rotary LuncheonJessica Lewispage 18 Factory TourLinda Fraembspage 18 The ImmigrantsD.L. Lewispage 19 At Shedd AquariumLinda Fraembspage 20 The GuardianBecky Lewispage 20 Digital LifeEverett Tackettpage 21 Full ServiceScott Graypage 22 Dust ShowLinda A. Brownpage 23 At SixMaureen Foertschpage 24 DrawingJean Imherrpage 24 ReflectionMaggie Kennedypage 25 Cat DefiningBecky Lawsonpage 26 Ode To An Unread NewspaperLinda Fraembspage 26 GumSteve Sandstrompage 27 The DancerChrystal Clarkpage 27 PoemD.L. Lewispage 28 For LucyStacey Flanniganpage 29 An AbortionDevon Flesorpage 29 ReveriesKeila Tooleypage 30 Sunday Morning After Tequila With LemonScott Graypage 33 Staging A Living Jewel BoxMichelle Mitchellpage 34 The Other WomanStacey Flanniganpage 35 The Natural LookMichelle Mitchellpage 35 Poem To A Girl Named SandalsJohn Stockmanpage 36 PhotographLisa Owenspage 37 In The Balcony Of The Bijou On A Saturday NightScott Graypage 38 The Canadian Soccer PlayerBecky Lawsonpage 39 The HealingJohn Stockmanpage 39 AppeasedDevon Flesorpage 40 CodaJohn Stockmanpage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1040/thumbnail.jp

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: What are the big questions?

Background: Over the past 10-15 years, a substantial amount of work has been done by the scientific, regulatory, and business communities to elucidate the effects and risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. Objective: This review was undertaken to identify key outstanding issues regarding the effects of PPCPs on human and ecological health in order to ensure that future resources will be focused on the most important areas. Data sources: To better understand and manage the risks of PPCPs in the environment, we used the "key question" approach to identify the principle issues that need to be addressed. Initially, questions were solicited from academic, government, and business communities around the world. A list of 101 questions was then discussed at an international expert workshop, and a top-20 list was developed. Following the workshop, workshop attendees ranked the 20 questions by importance. Data synthesis: The top 20 priority questions fell into seven categories: a) prioritization of substances for assessment, b) pathways of exposure, c) bioavailability and uptake, d) effects characterization, e) risk and relative risk, f) antibiotic resistance, and g) risk management. Conclusions: A large body of information is now available on PPCPs in the environment. This exercise prioritized the most critical questions to aid in development of future research programs on the topic.Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambient