The Consistency of Fairness Rules: An Experimental Study

In the last two decades, experimental papers on distributive justice have abounded. Two main results have been replicated Firstly, there is a multiplicity of fairness rules. Secondly, fairness decisions differ depending on the context. This paper studies individual consistency in the use of fairness rules, as well as the structural factors that lead people to be inconsistent. We use a within-subject design, which allows us to compare individual behavior when the context changes. In line with the literature, we find a multiplicity of fairness rules. However, when we control for consistency, the set of fairness rules is considerably smaller. Only selfishness and strict egalitarianism seem to survive the stricter requirement of consistency. We observe that this result is mainly explained by a self-serving bias. Participants select the rule that is individually optimal in each situation.Justice, Fairness, Laboratory Experiments, Self-serving bias, Consistency

Are Women More Sensitive to the Decision-Making Context?

We conduct an experiment to assess gender differences across different economic contexts. Specifically, we test whether women are more sensitive to the decision-making context in situations in which different fairness principles can be used. We find that women adopt more often than men conditional fairness principles that require information about the context. Furthermore, while most men adopt only one decision principle, most women switch between multiple decision principles. These results complement and reinforce Croson and Gneezy's organizing explanation of greater context sensitivity of women.Context-sensitivity, Distributive Justice, Gender differences

Alternative Assessment in Engineering Language Education: The case of the Technical University of Madrid

This article describes a research project involving students from nine different engineering degrees at the Technical university of Madrid. The purpose of the project was to analyze the use of peer and self assessment and the students? attitudes toward alternative assessment procedures

Moral consequences of becoming unemployed

We test the conjecture that becoming unemployed erodes the extent to which a person acknowledges earned entitlement. We use behavioral experiments to generate incentive compatible measures of individuals’ tendencies to acknowledge earned entitlement and incorporate these experiments in a two-stage study. In the first stage, participants’ acknowledgement of earned entitlement was measured by engaging them in the behavioral experiments and their individual employment status and other relevant socio-economic characteristics were recorded. In the second stage, a year later, the process was repeated using the same instruments. The combination of the experimentally generated data and the longitudinal design allows us to investigate our conjecture using a difference-in-difference approach, while ruling out the pure self-interest confound. We report evidence consistent with a large, negative effect of becoming unemployed on the acknowledgement of earned entitlement

On the economic nature of consumers\u2019 willingness to pay for a selective and sustainable fishery: A comparative empirical study

Special issue on Discards regulation vs Mediterranean fisheries sustainability.-- 6 pages, 2 tables[EN] The EU Landing Obligation (LO) bans discards to incentivize a more selective and sustainable fishery. This regulation may induce a cost to the fishing industry that could be transferred to final fish consumers. We aim to assess the consumers’ reservation price for a sustainable and selective fishery. The methodology follows two steps: We first assess the value of the reservation price (willingness to pay, WTP) for a sustainable and selective fishery by using contingent valuation methods from a comparative perspective in Spain and Italy. We then attempt to empirically assess the components of WTP by using an original model specification that, unlike those presented in the literature, exogenizes socio-economic variables and uses ideological indicators to explain WTP in a two-line simultaneous model estimated by instrumental variable regression. The results show a positive, though low, WTP across the two samples, and very different impacts of estimated coefficients on the WTP for the two samples. A preliminary interpretation of this divergence highlights that Italian consumers consider LO-incentivized sustainable fishery a pure public good linked to issues of legality, and Spanish consumers consider it an impure public good linked to environmental issues. These differences may indicate how strongly the institutions and the policies in each region are perceived by a different human capital structure. They may also indicate that the problem, the perceptions of it and the solutions to it differ according to the context[ES] La obligación de desembarque de la Unión Europea (LO) prohíbe los descartes para incentivar una pesquería más selectiva y sostenible. Esta regulación puede inducir costes a la industria pesquera que a su vez pueden ser transferidos al consumidor final. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el precio de reserva del consumidor para una pesquería más sostenible y selectiva. La metodología se basa en dos fases: primero, evaluamos el precio de reserva (disposición a pagar, WTP) para una pesquería sostenible y selectiva mediante métodos de valoración contingente (CV) en un estudio comparativo entre España e Italia. En una segunda fase intentamos estimar empíricamente los componentes de esta WTP mediante la especificación original de un modelo que, a diferencia de la literatura existente, exogeniza las variables socioeconómicas y usa indicadores ideológicos para explicar la WTP, en una regresión bi-funcional con variables instrumentales (IV). Los resultados muestran una WTP positiva, aunque reducida, en ambas muestras, y permiten deducir un impacto distinto de los coeficientes estimados en la WTP. La interpretación preliminar de esta divergencia hace destacar que los consumidores italianos consideran como un bien público puro a una pesquería sostenible incentivada mediante LO, relacionado con aspectos de legalidad, mientras que los consumidores españoles consideran ese modelo de pesquería como un bien público impuro, relacionado con conservación ambiental. Estas diferencias pueden indicar la fortaleza con la que dos estructuras distintas de capital humano perciben las instituciones y las políticas de cada región. También sugieren una distinta percepción, existencia y solución del problema en un contexto distintoThis research was funded by EU H2020 Research and Innovation Action “MINOUW” (contract nº 634495)Peer reviewe

Economic burden of Cardiac Arrest in Spain: analyzing healthcare costs drivers and treatment strategies cost-effectiveness

Carga económica; Parada cardíaca; RentabilidadEconomic burden; Cardiac arrest; Cost-effectivenessCàrrega econòmica; Aturada cardíaca; RendibilitatBackground Cardiac arrest is a major public health issue in Europe. Cardiac arrest seems to be associated with a large socioeconomic burden in terms of resource utilization and health care costs. The aim of this study is the analysis of the economic burden of cardiac arrest in Spain and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the key intervention identified, especially in relation to neurological outcome at discharge. Methods The data comes from the information provided by 115 intensive care and cardiology units from Spain, including information on the care of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who had a return of spontaneous circulation. The information reported by theses 115 units was collected by a nationwide survey conducted between March and September 2020. Along with number of patients (2631), we also collect information about the structure of the units, temperature management, and prognostication assessments. In this study we analyze the potential association of several factors with neurological outcome at discharge, and the cost associated with the different factors. The cost-effectiveness of using servo-control for temperature management is analyzed by means of a decision model, based on the results of the survey and data collected in the literature, for a one-year and a lifetime time horizon. Results A total of 109 cardiology units provided results on neurological outcome at discharge as evaluated with the cerebral performance category (CPC). The most relevant factor associated with neurological outcome at discharge was ‘servo-control use’, showing a 12.8% decrease in patients with unfavorable neurological outcomes (i.e., CPC3-4 vs. CPC1-2). The total cost per patient (2020 Euros) was €73,502. Only “servo-control use” was associated with an increased mean total cost per hospital. Patients treated with servo-control for temperature management gained in the short term (1 year) an average of 0.039 QALYs over those who were treated with other methods at an increased cost of €70.8, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 1,808 euros. For a lifetime time horizon, the use of servo-control is both more effective and less costly than the alternative. Conclusions Our results suggest the implementation of servo-control techniques in all the units that are involved in managing the cardiac arrest patient from admission until discharge from hospital to minimize the neurological damage to patients and to reduce costs to the health and social security system

İştahın açılması : küresel kalkınma için veri becerileri öğrenci eğitim programı eĞİTMEN el kitabı

Training for statistics in a developments perspective. The project developed new data skills instructor and student learning resources informed by insights from global development professionals – You can find out more about the training programme design, the research that underpinned it, and how to access the open access resources in the Training Programme section of this website. In addition, the team have compiled Career Profiles documenting the career journeys of professionals who use data skills in global development to help inspire aspiring development professionals. Bu eğitmen el kitabı, Avrupa Birliği ERASMUS+ programı tarafından 2019-1-UK01‐KA203‐061973 hibe anlaşması kapsamında ortaklaşa finanse edilen "Kalkınma Sayımları: Uluslararası Kariyer için Veri Becerileri" projesinin bir çıktısıdır. Proje, Gazi Üniversitesi (Türkiye), L-Università ta’ Malta (Malta) ve Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED, İspanya) işbirliğiyle İngiltere'deki Gloucestershire Üniversitesi tarafından yönetilmiştir.peer-reviewe

Opening the Appetite: Data Skills for Global Development Student Training Programme Instructor Handbook [ENGLISH EDITION]

Welcome to the Instructor Handbook for the Opening the Appetite: Data Skills for Global Development Training Programme. The programme has been developed as part of the Development Counts: Data Skills for International Development Careers project - which is all about supporting the next generation of global development professionals to harness the power of data for global and social good. As the quantity and forms of data available globally continues to grow exponentially, development is amongst the areas seeking to harness its potential - as exemplified by the United Nations calling for a ‘Data Revolution’ in development. This training programme has been designed for students on undergraduate social science related programmes with an interest in global development – a group who are often less confident about learning to work with data and perceive these skills are less relevant to their ambitions. This programme aims to tackle the resultant graduate skills deficit by adopting an accessible approach and closely aligning to the reality of working in global development. This instructor handbook has been produced to enable social science lecturers to adopt all or parts of the training programme to support their students to enhance their data skills applied to global development. The programme is ‘ready to go’, and this instructor handbook has been designed for use both by lecturers with a background in quantitative methods and by those who are less familiar with teaching in this area

Opening the Appetite: Data Skills for Global Development Student Training Programme Instructor Handbook [ENGLISH EDITION]

Welcome to the Instructor Handbook for the Opening the Appetite: Data Skills for Global Development Training Programme. The programme has been developed as part of the Development Counts: Data Skills for International Development Careers project - which is all about supporting the next generation of global development professionals to harness the power of data for global and social good. As the quantity and forms of data available globally continues to grow exponentially, development is amongst the areas seeking to harness its potential - as exemplified by the United Nations calling for a ‘Data Revolution’ in development. This training programme has been designed for students on undergraduate social science related programmes with an interest in global development – a group who are often less confident about learning to work with data and perceive these skills are less relevant to their ambitions. This programme aims to tackle the resultant graduate skills deficit by adopting an accessible approach and closely aligning to the reality of working in global development. This instructor handbook has been produced to enable social science lecturers to adopt all or parts of the training programme to support their students to enhance their data skills applied to global development. The programme is ‘ready to go’, and this instructor handbook has been designed for use both by lecturers with a background in quantitative methods and by those who are less familiar with teaching in this area

Bringing about the data revolution in development: what data skills do aspiring development professionals need?

The post-2015 agenda calls for a ‘data revolution in development’ and recognises that statistical capacity amongst the workforce is a prerequisite for achieving it. Universities have a critical role to play in building this capacity. This paper reports insights from in-depth interviews with development professionals in Malta, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom about current and future data skills needs. It presents recommendations on data skills training for aspiring development professionals informed by this evidence, with a particular focus on curriculum in social science related undergraduate programmes at universities