Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

DESCRIPCION Y ANALISIS DE UN CURSO PILOTO DE "INGLES BASICO" IMPARTIDO POR ALUMNAS DE LA LICENCIATURA EN IDIOMAS, EN EL CENTRO DE EDUCACION BASICA PARA ADULTOS "MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA" COMO SERVICIO SOCIAL EN LA ZONA ESCOLAR NUMERO 2, EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CENTRO, ESTADO DE TABASCO

Licenciatura en Idioma

A Toxocara cati eggs concentration method from cats’ faeces, for experimental and diagnostic purposes

Toxocariosis is a zoonotic parasite infection worldwide distributed, now considered a neglected disease associated to poverty. For experimental infection in animals and to develop the diagnosis in humans it is necessary to obtain large number of Toxocara spp. larval eggs. Toxocara cati eggs recovered percentage from faeces of infected cats was determined employing a novel egg concentration method. The McMaster egg counting technique and the concentration method were applied on 20 positive cats’ sample faeces obtained from naturally infected cats. The mean percentage of eggs recovered by the concentration method was 24.37% higher than the count obtained by McMaster egg counting technique. The main advantage of this method is that it can be obtained a small final volume with a high number of recovered eggs and a good quality inoculum for experimental and diagnostic purposes.Fil: Cardillo, Natalia Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sommerfelt, Irma Estela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Vet. en Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Fariña, Fernando Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pasqualetti, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Perez, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Ercole, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Ribicich, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Area de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentin

Entorno del Turismo Turismo y Gastronomía: sociedad y humanismo

Bajo la convocatoria del VI Seminario Internacional de Estudios Turísticos, el VIII Foro de Investigación Turística y el III Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Gastronomía, en noviembre de 2010 se dieron cita 90 investigadores nacionales e internacionales con la finalidad de compartir sus resultados de investigación y, al mismo tiempo, calibrar posibilidades y limitaciones en las estrategias teórico-metodológicas para la construcción de objetos de estudio del turismo en sus dimensiones educativas, ambientales, gastronómicas y socioculturales, que permitieran una nueva concepción del turismo en su carácter científico y a la vez la detección de metodologías adecuadas a las necesidades del posgrado de la institución

Enhanced Surveillance for Fatal Dengue-Like Acute Febrile Illness in Puerto Rico, 2010-2012

BackgroundDengue is a leading cause of morbidity throughout the tropics; however, accurate population-based estimates of mortality rates are not available.Methods/principal findingsWe established the Enhanced Fatal Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance System (EFASS) to estimate dengue mortality rates in Puerto Rico. Healthcare professionals submitted serum and tissue specimens from patients who died from a dengue-like acute febrile illness, and death certificates were reviewed to identify additional cases. Specimens were tested for markers of dengue virus (DENV) infection by molecular, immunologic, and immunohistochemical methods, and were also tested for West Nile virus, Leptospira spp., and other pathogens based on histopathologic findings. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data abstracted. A total of 311 deaths were identified, of which 58 (19%) were DENV laboratory-positive. Dengue mortality rates were 1.05 per 100,000 population in 2010, 0.16 in 2011 and 0.36 in 2012. Dengue mortality was highest among adults 19-64 years and seniors ≥65 years (1.17 and 1.66 deaths per 100,000, respectively). Other pathogens identified included 34 Leptospira spp. cases and one case of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Neisseria meningitidis.Conclusions/significanceEFASS showed that dengue mortality rates among adults were higher than reported for influenza, and identified a leptospirosis outbreak and index cases of melioidosis and meningitis

Measuring the water and soil environments

<p>Characteristics of all fatal laboratory-positive dengue case-patients detected by the Enhanced Fatal AFI Surveillance System, Puerto Rico, 2010–2012.</p

Enhanced Surveillance for Fatal Dengue-Like Acute Febrile Illness in Puerto Rico, 2010-2012

<div><p>Background</p><p>Dengue is a leading cause of morbidity throughout the tropics; however, accurate population-based estimates of mortality rates are not available.</p><p>Methods/Principal Findings</p><p>We established the Enhanced Fatal Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance System (EFASS) to estimate dengue mortality rates in Puerto Rico. Healthcare professionals submitted serum and tissue specimens from patients who died from a dengue-like acute febrile illness, and death certificates were reviewed to identify additional cases. Specimens were tested for markers of dengue virus (DENV) infection by molecular, immunologic, and immunohistochemical methods, and were also tested for West Nile virus, <i>Leptospira spp</i>., and other pathogens based on histopathologic findings. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data abstracted. A total of 311 deaths were identified, of which 58 (19%) were DENV laboratory-positive. Dengue mortality rates were 1.05 per 100,000 population in 2010, 0.16 in 2011 and 0.36 in 2012. Dengue mortality was highest among adults 19–64 years and seniors ≥65 years (1.17 and 1.66 deaths per 100,000, respectively). Other pathogens identified included 34 <i>Leptospira spp</i>. cases and one case of <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> and <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>EFASS showed that dengue mortality rates among adults were higher than reported for influenza, and identified a leptospirosis outbreak and index cases of melioidosis and meningitis.</p></div

Recursos Hídricos: Conceptos básicos y estudios de caso en Iberoamérica

El agua como fuente de vida y en el desempeño de sus funciones: sociales, ambientales, económicas y culturales, condiciona el desarrollo de una región, nación o continente, pues, la concentración urbana, el incremento de la superficie de riego para la producción de alimentos y la creciente contaminación someten a los recursos hídricos a una fuerte presión que no es posible soportar, originando situaciones de crisis. Así, mientras encuentran localidades la satisfacción de las necesidades en agua de sus habitantes representa un esfuerzo cotidiano, en otras, el desperdicio es una práctica generalizada pero inadmisible. Sin duda alguna en el mediano y largo plazo la tendencia actual en el uso de agua es simplemente insostenible. No es posible sufragar permanentemente el costo económico, social ay ambiental de abastecer a las grandes urbes con escurrimientos superficiales importados desde enormes distancias, de agotar los acuíferos de alterar la calidad de las agua rebasando límites de renovación económicamente factibles. Tampoco es posible enfrentar el problema del agua como si la disponibilidad del recurso fuera ilimitada y gratuita..