Alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa en estado de resistencia a insulina y diabetes tipo 2: acción normalizadora del GLP-1 y de la Exedina -4

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 17-12-201

Aumento del autoestima como prevención de abuso infantil en niños de 7 a 8 años de edad de 4to de básica en la Escuela Fiscal Mixta Carmen Amelia Hidalgo de la población de Cumbayá

The incidence of child abuse in Ecuador show very high rates of abuse. This is a social problem that has generated very serious consequences in the lives of children, both at present and in the future. The main sequel that brings the most problems is low self esteem due to abuse . The present study aims to test the relationship between self-esteem of children and the vulnerability to be victims of abuse. We also wanted to test the advantage they have to learn emotional monitoring, identifying risk situations and have skills to handle them . This research included two groups , one experimental (N = 32) and a control group ( N: 33). Three questionnaires were used to measure self-esteem, self-concept and coping skills to child abuse. The results show that there was a small increase in self-concept and self-esteem, also the strategies against abuse increased significantly in the experimental group.Las investigaciones que se encontraron sobre la incidencia del maltrato infantil en el Ecuador muestran cifras muy altas de abuso. Este es un problema social que tiene genera secuelas muy graves en la vida de los menores tanto en el presente como en el futuro. La secuela principal y la que más problemas trae a los niños es la baja autoestima que tienen debido al maltrato. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar la relación que existe entre el nivel de autoestima de los niños frente a la vulnerabilidad que tienen de ser víctimas de abuso y evidenciar cuál es la ventaja que tienen al aprender monitoreo emocional, identificar situaciones de riesgo y tener habilidades para manejarlas. Esta investigación contó con dos grupos, uno experimental (N: 32) y uno control (N: 33). Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios para medir: autoestima, autoconcepto y habilidades de afrontamiento al abuso infantil. Los resultados muestran que en el grupo experimental, hubo un pequeño incremento en el autoconcepto y en el autoestima, además se encontró que las estrategias frente al abuso aumentaron considerablemente

Phrasal Verbs for Business Professionals

106 Páginas.Muy poco se ha escrito acerca de la estrategia para enseñar léxico, particularmente para la enseñanza de verbos frasales en latinoamérica. Aún cuando el uso de los verbos frasales es significativo; una investigación acerca de la enseñanza de estos verbos para contextos específicos no ha sido examinada. Sin embargo, este estudio está enfocado en la exploración de una estrategia bien definida y en los efectos de la misma. La meta fué promover que el estudiante adulto tuviese una producción oral natural en inglés. Sorprendentemente la ausencia de materiales activó el uso de tecnología en el aula. Las implicaciones pedagógicas de éste estudio brindan la importancia acerca del ambiente de aprendizaje en donde el estudiante adulto busca sus propios instrumentos

Threat through ground movements in the municipality of pajarito, Boyacá

16 páginas : imágenes.La ocurrencia de los deslizamientos es el producto de las condiciones geológicas, hidrológicas y geomorfológicas y la modificación de estas por procesos geodinámicos, vegetación, uso de la tierra y actividades humanas, así como la frecuencia e intensidad de las precipitaciones y la sismicidad. En el municipio de Pajarito se realizó el estudio de amenazas por Movimientos en Masa a fin de identificar los detonantes que generan dichos movimientos y los sectores más críticos que se pueden ver afectados por los mismos. Con la información recopilada se busca establecer la espacialización de las áreas amenazantes por Movimientos en Masa en el área de interés, a partir de la interacción de los diferentes factores según sus propiedades geomecánicas en cuento al nivel de estabilidad. Con esto en mente, podría decirse que se ha construido una visión sistemática de la susceptibilidad del medio que, según Eakin y Luers (2006), se centra en evaluar los procesos, condiciones y características de los sistemas que se extienden más allá de la sensibilidad del entorno y que inhiben las respuestas adaptativas. Con base en el procesamiento realizado se encontró que el área de estudio está controlada por zonas de Baja a Media inestabilidad, sin embargo es de tener en cuenta que el municipio está en una zona de piedemonte llanero y en cualquier momento se podrían presentar localmente problemas de remoción en masa.The occurrence of landslides is the product of geological, hydrological and geomorphological conditions and the modification of these by geodynamic processes, vegetation, land use and human activities, as well as the frequency and intensity of rainfall and seismicity. In the municipality of Pajarito, the study of the threats by Mass Movements was carried out to identify the triggers that were affected by them. With the information gathered, the spatialization of the threatening areas is planned by mass movements in the area of interest, based on the interaction of the different factors according to their geometric properties at the level of the safety basin. With this in mind, it could be said that a systemic view of the susceptibility of the environment has been constructed that, according to Eakin and Luers (2006), is focused on evaluating the processes, conditions and characteristics of the systems that extend beyond the sensitivity of the environment and that inhibit adaptive responses. Based on the processing carried out, it was found that the study area is controlled by zones of Low to Medium instability, however it is important to bear in mind that the municipality is located in an area of foothills and at any time there could be local problems of mass removal

Computational analysis of genomic variants affecting predicted microRNA:target interactions in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer of men in the United States and is third only to lung and colon as a cause of cancer death. Clinical behavior of the disease is variable and the combination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and Gleason score staging are currently the best available molecular and pathology tools to predict outcomes. Cancer biology research establishes microRNAs (miRNAs) as key molecular components in both normal and pathological states. Thus, elucidating miRNAs perturbed by genomic alterations will expand our understanding of the molecular taxonomy of PCa with the aim to complement current practices in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. This study reports the computational analysis of genomic variants affecting the seed sequence of five miRNAs, changing the prediction of microRNA:target interactions in PC3, an androgen-independent cell line that closely resembles prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC). Genomic variants were detected via deep-sequencing of PC3 and further computational work focused on mapping changes within the seed sequence of predicted mature miRNAs. Five microRNA candidates (from now on denominated microRNA*) with changes in the g2-g8 seed region were selected: miR-3161*-5p with rs35834266 G\u3einsA; miR-3620*-5p with rs2070960 C\u3eT; miR-1178*-5p with rs7311975 T\u3eG; miR-4804*-5pwith rs266435 C\u3eG; and miR-449c*-3p with rs35770269 A\u3eT. Subsequently, the computational prediction of miRNA*:target interactions revealed 643 new relationships. After functional enrichment analysis of new targets, seven genes were associated with endocrine resistance (ABCB11, CDKN1B, NOTCH2, SHC4, CCND1, SP1, ADCY2) and five genes with endocrine and other factor regulated calcium reabsorption (ATP1A2, ESR1, PRRKCB, AP2B1, SLC8A1) categories. A gene-disease association literature search was performed for each of the aforementioned genes in order to understand if they have been implicated in cancer, where CDKN1B, NOTCH2, CCND1 have been reported to participate in prostate cancer progression. Microarray gene expression analyses showed that few predicted microRNA* targets were underexpressed in untreated PC3 samples versus prostate epithelial cells from the GEO database. However, after assessing the frequency of observed underexpressed genes per candidate microRNA* using a Fisher’s exact test, miR-4804*-5p target genes (TNKS and GUCY1A3) were statistically significant. Next steps included the comparison between groups of genes subject to non-mutated microRNA and mutated microRNA* regulation using a Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Results were consistent with the microRNA-gene expression regulation model despite the genomic variant in the seed region, nevertheless the effect of miR-3161*-5p, miR-3620*-5p, miR-1178*-5p, miR-4804*-5p, and miR-449c*-3p cannot be predicted solely with the indirect experimental approach that microarray gene expression platforms provide. For this reason, the assessment of recurrent pairwise microRNA-mRNA expression associations was performed using CancerMiner, an online tool from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on a multivariate linear model and rank transformations. Only the relationship of miRNA-3161:CDKN1B was retrieved as a recurrent expression association in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). In the context of this study, results suggest that CDKN1B (p27Kip1)dysregulation by miR-3161*-5p would be leading to PC3 super proliferation due to the lack of cell cycle arrest from phase G1 to S. Prostate cancer cell line PC3 has shown to share features with prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNC) with the implication that molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacies observed with PC3 cells are likely applicable to SCNC1. Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a variant form of prostate cancer often characterized by an aggressive course with a poor response to conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), consistent with the lack of the androgen receptor in prostatic small cell carcinoma (SCC)2. In some men treated with ADT, development of small cell carcinoma might represent the “escape” of a subpopulation of hormone-independent cells resulting from the selective pressure of hormonal therapy3. Hence, the suggestion of CDKN1B dysregulation by miR-3161*-5p might go beyond the idiosyncrasy of the PC3 cell line, but rather an interesting future direction to investigate prostate cancer patients with SCNC rendering to an adverse disease outcome due to uncontrolled cell proliferation

An Inner Disk in the Large Gap of the Transition Disk SR 24S

We report new Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 observations at 2.75 mm of the TD around SR 24S with an angular resolution of $\sim$0.11''$\times$ 0.09'' and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim24$. We detect an inner disk and a mostly symmetric ring-like structure that peaks at $\sim$0.32'', that is $\sim$37 au at a distance of $\sim$114.4 pc. The full width at half maximum of this ring is $\sim$28 au. We analyze the observed structures by fitting the dust continuum visibilities using different models for the intensity profile, and compare with previous ALMA observations of the same disk at 0.45 mm and 1.30 mm. We qualitatively compare the results of these fits with theoretical predictions of different scenarios for the formation of a cavity or large gap. The comparison of the dust continuum structure between different ALMA bands indicates that photoevaporation and dead zone can be excluded as leading mechanisms for the cavity formation in SR 24S disk, leaving the planet scenario (single or multiple planets) as the most plausible mechanism. We compared the 2.75 mm emission with published (sub-)centimeter data and find that the inner disk is likely tracing dust thermal emission. This implies that any companion in the system should allow dust to move inwards throughout the gap and replenish the inner disk. In the case of one single planet, this puts strong constraints on the mass of the potential planet inside the cavity and the disk viscosity of about $\lesssim$5 $M_{\rm{Jup}}$ and $\alpha\sim10^{-4}-10^{-3}$, respectively.Comment: Accepted to Ap

A Methodological Approach for Assessing Soil Salinity Hazard in Irrigated Areas. Case Study: The rut Irrigation District, Colombia

Se desarrolló una metodología para la evaluación y mapeo de la amenaza de salinización de suelos en distritos de riego de Colombia, con base en la concentración y tipo de sales en el agua de riego. La evaluación inició con la identificación de áreas de riego y la caracterización de sus parámetros fisicoquímicos. Esta caracterización permitió, por un lado, conocer la concentración de sales a través de la CEw, y por otro, estimar los tipos de sales presentes empleando el modelo Sosalriego. Luego, se asignaron niveles de amenaza en cada zona de riego, los cuales fueron espacializados empleando SIG. Finalmente, la aplicación del modelo permitió priorizar y orientar acciones de manejo para cada nivel de peligro identificados en el caso de estudio.A methodology towards assessing soil salinity hazard at irrigated areas of Colombia was developed based on both electrical conductivity and solubility of salts in water. First, irrigated areas were identified; and then, their physicochemical parameters were determined for characterizing electrical conductivity of water (ECw) as well as predicting salt contents in water by employing the Solsariego model. Afterwards, levels of salinity hazard were assessed by matching classes of ECw and solubility of salts in water. Finally, the salinity hazard was mapped for each irrigated zone. As a major conclusion, we consider that the methodological approach based on water quality assessment (ECw, salt contents, and their solubility in the irrigated water) allowed to prioritize hazard level. Hence, we can address activities for managing the soil salinity in the case study

Non-convex image reconstruction via Expectation Propagation

Tomographic image reconstruction can be mapped to a problem of finding solutions to a large system of linear equations which maximize a function that includes \textit{a priori} knowledge regarding features of typical images such as smoothness or sharpness. This maximization can be performed with standard local optimization tools when the function is concave, but it is generally intractable for realistic priors, which are non-concave. We introduce a new method to reconstruct images obtained from Radon projections by using Expectation Propagation, which allows us to reframe the problem from an Bayesian inference perspective. We show, by means of extensive simulations, that, compared to state-of-the-art algorithms for this task, Expectation Propagation paired with very simple but non log-concave priors, is often able to reconstruct images up to a smaller error while using a lower amount of information per pixel. We provide estimates for the critical rate of information per pixel above which recovery is error-free by means of simulations on ensembles of phantom and real images.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure