Interfacial reaction between SAC3807 lead-free solders and different copper substrate via reflow soldering process

The different composition material of copper substrate significantly affects the intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and the solder joints durability. This study was conducted on the interfacial reaction between lead-free solder and the different copper substrates via reflow soldering. The selected substrate is copper (Cu) and copper-beryllium (Cu-Be). The lead-free solder involved is Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC3807) solder ball with a diameter of 700 µm. All the samples were subjected to the isothermal aging process. The material characterization and analysis on the IMC formation were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscope (OM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). After the reflow process, the result revealed that Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn IMC layer formed at SAC3870/Cu and SAC3870/Cu-Be interface. The changes to a rod-like shape Cu6Sn5 and needle-shaped Cu3Sn4 occur after the aging treatment on SAC3870/ Cu. Meanwhile, the IMC layer for SAC3870/Cu-Be shows a rod-like shape transformed into a blocky�like shape Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn4 rod-shape. This result indicates that Ag3Sn nano-sized was formed on the intermetallic surface during the aging process for both SAC3807/Cu and SAC3807/Cu-Be. The Ag3Sn nano-sized element at SAC3807/Cu-Be is many compared to SAC3807/Cu. In addition, IMC thickness for SAC3807/Cu-Be shows a thicker layer than SAC3807/Cu. In addition, the element of Be in SAC3807/Cu-Be cannot be defined because the beryllium element is not easily detected as the percentage was very low

Penilaian pengunjung terhadap pameran karya seni "Travelog" pelajar seni halus UiTM Melaka / Amiruddin Osman, Rosli Zakaria dan Shahrul Munir Mohd Kaulan

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana kualiti pameran dan karya pelajar semester akhir program Diploma Seni Halus dari sudut kaca mata orang ramai. Di samping itu pengkaji ingin mengetahui kesan pameran tersebut kepada pengunjung. Satu instrumen telah dibentuk untuk mengukur dari segi kualiti pameran, karya serta kesan afektif pengunjung. Aspek kualiti diukur melalui enam item iaitu penghasilan karya yang kreatif, karya yang mempraktikan teori dan amali, penguasaan kemahiran, karya yang relevan dan semasa, pengajuran pameran serta ruang pameran. Manakala dari aspek kesan afektif pengunjung diukur melalui enam item juga iaitu kepuasan, mencetus inspirasi, dapat menghayati, dapat pendedahan baru, keinginan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut dan tahap keseronokan. Skala "rating" darjah persetujuan daripada 1 - sangat tidak setuju hingga ke skala 5 - sangat setuju telah digunakan dalam instrumen ini. Pameran ini telah dijalankan di galeri seni Akademi Budaya dan Warisan Kebangsaan (ASWARA) Kuala Lumpur pada 10 hingga 30 Ogos 2015. Sampel yang digunakan adalah daripada pelawat-pelawat yang berkunjung ke pameran tersebut. Data daripada sampel telah dianalisis secara diskriptif melalui perisan IBM SPSS versi 12 dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil analisis didapati secara keseluruhannya memperlihatkan pengunjung menyatakan pameran karya seni "Travelog" pelajar sangat berjaya (min 4.5, sisihan piawai 0.1). Aspek keberkesanan pameran serta karya pelajar mencatat min 4.5 dan kesan afektif pengunjung adalah pada min 4.4. Komen-komen pengunjung kesemuanya positif dan kebanyakkannya mencadangkan agar aktiviti seperti ini diteruskan

Fuzzy rank cluster top k Euclidean distance and triangle based algorithm for magnetic field indoor positioning system

The indoor localisation based on indoor magnetic field (MF) has drawn much research attention since they have a range of applications field in science and industry. The position estimation is generally based on the Euclidean distance (ED) between compared data points. Commonly, the state-of-the-art k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm is used to estimate the test point (TP) position by considering the average location of the closest estimated K reference points (RPs). However, the problem of using the KNN algorithm is the fixed K value does not guarantee accurate estimation at every position. In this study, we first optimise the MF RPs database using the clustering method. Each trained RP and other nearby RPs are clustered together at a certain distance. Then, we create a rank cluster algorithm where we match the top 10 ranks RPs with the nearest Euclidean distance to the TP with the RPs cluster. For the proposed fuzzy algorithm, a condition is applied to choose whether the triangle area or average Euclidean algorithm is used to find the final estimated position. Experiments show a localisation accuracy of 5.88 m, which is better than KNN with an improvement of 31 %

Users’ preferences on the provision of facilities for mass rapid transit Sungai Buloh – Subang - Putrajaya line (MRT2) stations

National Transport Policy (2019-2030) strives to improve the transportation sector towards a conducive and competitive sector while fulfils the demands of people. The new development of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT2) Sungai Buloh – Subang – Putrajaya Line is expected to complete in 2022 and would benefit 529,000 users. This paper analyses the preferences of users on the facility provision at mass rapid transit stations in the local context. This paper was based on secondary and primary data sources such as official documents, websites and data collected for the Integrated MRT2 Land Use Masterplan. Document analysis method was employed to review official sources from public transport providers across selected benchmarked countries. Six categories of facilities at mass rapid transit stations were evaluated using 40 criteria. Results suggested improvements are needed in barrier-free considerations and convenient facilities. Statistical analyses, involving descriptive and inferential analyses, were conducted. The results show that gender and travel time to station influenced users’ preferences on facilities needed at stations. This paper suggests that certain criteria of facilities must be considered based on universal needs of the population to encourage usage of MRT2 as public transport as well as to provide convenient travel experiences

Assessing the current implementation of transit oriented development concept in Malaysia: Case study of MRT Putrajaya line

In the past years, the concept of Transit-Oriented Development has been adopted in cities and countries including Malaysia and Singapore. The integration of land use and public transport stations through Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as part of urban and cities strategy is highly acclaimed in promoting sustainable development concept in cities development. To understand the performance of TODs implementation in Klang Valley, this study has selected eleven stations in of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Putrajaya Line as case studies. This paper aims to evaluate the current implementation of TODs in Malaysia, benchmarked against the TOD land use composition and percentage from Singapore’s model. The findings show that Raja Uda, Ampang Park and Persiaran KLCC stations show significant performance. However, Bandar Malaysia North station displayed poor results with the lowest percentage of residential and commercial components. All stations did not achieve the ideal TOD value for residential land use and eight out of eleven stations recorded higher than the ideal TOD value for roads. However, highest number of stations achieved the ideal TOD value for mixed-use and commercial land uses. These results would help policymakers to improve the current implementation of TODs in Malaysia

In vivo carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoprotective and in vitro cytotoxic activities of Garcinia hombroniana (seashore mangosteen)

Background: Garcinia hombroniana, known as "manggis hutan" (jungle mangosteen) in Malaysia, is distributed in tropical Asia, Borneo, Thailand, Andaman, Nicobar Islands, Vietnam and India. In Malaysia, its ripened crimson sour fruit rind is used as a seasoning agent in curries and culinary dishes. Its roots and leaves decoction is used against skin infections and after child birth. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo hepatoprotective and in vitro cytotoxic activities of 20% methanolic ethyl acetate (MEA) G. hombroniana bark extract. Materials and methods: In hepatoprotective activity, liver damage was induced by treating rats with 1.0 mL carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)/kg and MEA extract was administered at a dose of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg 24 h before intoxication with CCl4. Cytotoxicity study was performed on MCF-7 (human breast cancer), DBTRG (human glioblastoma), PC-3 (human prostate cancer) and U2OS (human osteosarcoma) cell lines. 1H, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and IR (infrared) spectral analyses were also conducted for MEA extract. Results: In hepatoprotective activity evaluation, MEA extract at a higher dose level of 500 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.05) potency. In cytotoxicity study, MEA extract was more toxic towards MCF-7 and DBTRG cell lines causing 78.7% and 64.3% cell death, respectively. MEA extract in 1H, 13C-NMR, and IR spectra exhibited bands, signals and J (coupling constant) values representing aromatic/phenolic constituents. Conclusions: From the results, it could be concluded that MEA extract has potency to inhibit hepatotoxicity and MCF-7 and DBTRG cancer cell lines which might be due to the phenolic compounds depicted from NMR and IR spectra

Penghayatan nilai-nilai patriotisme dalam arca awam pelajar UiTM Melaka sempena pertandingan hiasan patriotisme daerah Alor Gajah / Wan Mohd Zulkifle Wan Yaacob...[et.al]

Patriotisme adalah sikap perasaan cinta yang kuat terhadap tanah air. Nilai- nilai dalam patriotisme pula terdiri daripada berbangga sebagai rakyat Malaysia, bersemangat setia negara, bersemangat kekitaan dan berdisiplin. Ciptaan karya- karya kreatif dapat mengekspresikan nilai- nilai patriotisme yang telah diterapkan kepada masyarakat sejak mencapai pasca kemerdekaan suatu ketika dahulu. Maka kertas kerja ini adalah bertujuan untuk membincangkan dan mengupas nilai- nilai patriotism yang diterapkan dalam reka bentuk arca pelajar. Selain daripada itu, ia juga bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti faktor- faktor keberkesanan reka bentuk arca dalam mendokong semangat kemerdekaan. Kajian lebih tertumpu kepada kaedah tinjauan dan kajian lapangan. Sementara, instrument yang digunakan dalam kajian adalah kamera DSLR dan sesi temubual. Analisis kajian pula berfokus kepada analisis tampak berdiskriptif dan analisis fakta. Hasil daripada kajian, didapati dari aspek estetika nilai- nilai patriotisme dapat dihayati melalui reka bentuk arca berpresentasi figura yang dinamik yang dapat dimanifistasikan sebagai semarakkan semangat waja. Reka bentuknya yang jitu pada struktur dan bentuk keseluruhan arca mengibarkan bendera Malaysia melambangkan kekukuhan, kesetiaan dan kecintaan rakyat terhadap negara. Dari aspek formalistik pula, faktor- faktor keseimbangan, strukur yang dinamik, kepelbagaian elemen, keharmonian warna dan bentuk berperanan untuk melonjakkan nilai- nilai estetika arca. Faktor- faktor teknikal seperti teknik penghasilan arca yang baik serta kukuh dapat menyokong nilai keindahan arca. Kesimpulannya seni yang diciptakan dapat dihubungkan melalui meningkatkan nilai kesedaran dan semangat kecintaan terhadap negara seterusnya mewujudkan perpaduan dikalangan masyarakat

Impact of image contrast enhancement on stability of radiomics feature quantification on a 2D mammogram radiograph

The present work aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of radiomics features derived from manual delineation and semiautomatic segmentation after enhancement using the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) techniques on a benign tumor of two-dimensional (2D) mammography images. Thirty mammogram images with known benign tumors were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) datasets and were randomly selected as subjects. The samples were enhanced for semiautomatic segmentation sets using the Active Contour Model in MATLAB 2019a before analysis by two independent observers. Meanwhile, the images without any enhancement were segmented manually. The samples were divided into three categories: (1) CLAHE images, (2) AHE images, and (3) manual segmented images. Radiomics features were extracted using algorithms provided by MATLAB 2019a software and were assessed with a reliable intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) score. Radiomics features for the CLAHE group (ICC = 0.890 ± 0.554, p 0.05). Features in all three categories were more robust for the CLAHE compared to the AHE and manual groups. This study shows the existence in variation for the radiomics features extracted from tumor region that are segmented using various image enhancement techniques. Semiautomatic segmentation with image enhancement using CLAHE algorithm gave the best result and was a better alternative than manual delineation as the first two techniques yielded reproducible descriptors. This method should be applicable for predicting outcomes in patient with breast cancer

Analisis Analisis motivasi kirja pegawai pada biro umum sekretariat daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

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Effect of different signal weighting function of magnetic field using KNN for indoor localization

The present work aimed to investigate the signal weighting function based on magnetic field (MF) models to obtain accurate location estimates for indoor positioning system. We compare the state-of-the-art Euclidean distance and three proposed different signal weighting function namely actual weight, square weight and square root weight which used to estimate location using MF. Additionally, the effect of signal weighting function is investigated further using multiple k value of K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. According to the results, the square root weighting function have low position error of 8.156 m than Euclidean distance with improvement of 5.5%. We also found that the use of (k = 5) of KNN for square weight of my distance measure give the lowest mean estimation error of 7.188 m