Bakteriurija među učenicima osnovnih i srednjih škola u Akuri, država Ondo, Nigerija

Bacteriuria in urinary tract infection is severe and associated with considerable morbidity if left untreated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriuria among primary and secondary school pupils in Akure North Local Government Area. The study included subjects from the highly populated schools in this local government area. The samples analyzed were exclusively collected from volunteer pupils whose age and sex were documented by the questionnaire distributed to them. Urine samples were collected randomly under aseptic conditions from 250 pupils aged 5-20 attending primary and secondary schools. Urine samples were subjected to microbiological analysis by culturing 1 mL each on nutrient agar, mannitol salt agar, cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar, plate count agar and chocolate agar for possible isolation of any bacteria. Bacterial colonies were enumerated and identified to the species level. Analytical indices revealed bacteriuria to be more common in female (41.2%) than male (3.2%) subjects. The highest bacterial count in female urine samples was 281x103 against 149x103 in male samples. A higher infection rate was recorded in secondary school pupils aged 11-20. Escherichia coli predominated among isolated bacteria species with 48.8%. Laboratory results confirmed urinary tract infection in some of the study pupils. As only volunteer pupils submitted their samples for analysis, this small population was represented in the study, predominated by female subjects. None of the pupils showed signs of infection, therefore routine laboratory checkup is important among children in order to limit damage to some of their vital tissues.Bakteriurija kod infekcije mokraćnog sustava je teška i udružena sa znatnim pobolom ako se ne liječi. Zato je cilj ove studije bio procijeniti učestalost bakteriurije među učenicima osnovnih i srednjih škola na području Akure North Local Government Area, Nigerija. U studiju su uključeni učenici vrlo napučenih škola u ovom području. Analizirani uzorci mokraće prikupljeni su isključivo od učenika dobrovoljaca čija su dob i spol dokumentirani podijeljenim anketnim upitnikom. Uzorci mokraće prikupljeni su nasumce pod aseptičnim uvjetima od 250 učenika u dobi od 5-20 godina, polaznika osnovnih i srednjih škola. Za mikrobiološku analizu je 1 mL svakog uzorka kultiviran na hranjivoj podlozi, slanoj hranjivoj podlozi s manitolom, hranjivoj podlozi sa cistinom i laktozom bez elektrolita (CLED agar), hranjivoj podlozi za brojenje kolonija (plate count agar) i čokoladnoj hranjivoj podlozi za moguću izolaciju bakterija. Izbrojene su kolonije bakterija i identificirane na razini vrste. Rezultati su pokazali da je bakteriurija češća među ženskim osobama u usporedbi s muškim osobama (41,2% prema 3,2%). Najviši broj bakterija u ženskim uzorcima mokraće bio je 281x103 prema 149x103 u muškim uzorcima. Viša stopa infekcije zabilježena je među polaznicima srednjih škola u dobi od 11-20 godina. Među izoliranim bakterijama prevladavala je Escherichia coli s 48,8%. Laboratorijski rezultati potvrdili su infekciju mokraćnog sustava u nekih učenika. Kako su uzorci za analizu prikupljeni na dobrovoljnoj osnovi, u ovoj maloj studijskoj populaciji prevladavale su ženske osobe. Nijedan učenik nije pokazivao znakove infekcije, stoga je važno rutinski provoditi laboratorijsko testiranje među djecom kako bi se ograničilo oštećenje nekih vitalnih tkiva

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Factors affecting undergraduates' participation in medical research in Lagos

Background: The current situation regarding the scope and contribution of undergraduate medical research to the health space in Nigeria is still largely unreported in formal literature. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and the perceived barriers faced by medical students in Lagos toward research. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among all medical students in 200–600 levels of study at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. With the aid of Self-administered questionnaires, we examined their knowledge of research and the analytical tools used in research, their attitudes and the perceived barriers to their participation in research. Results: The data were obtained from 221 medical students, of whom 52.9% had prior involvement in research and 14.0% and 6.3% had presented or published their research, respectively. The overall knowledge of medical research was low (21.3%) and reported barriers included lack of funding for research' (79.6%), “lack of research and biostatistics curriculum” (76.0%), “inadequate training in research methodology” (74.7%), “insufficient time allocation to undergraduate research” (73.3%), “lack of professional supervisors and proper mentoring” (58.8%), and “lack of equipped laboratory facilities to conduct research” (77.8%). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for more mentored supervision and training to improve their knowledge of the principles and techniques of clinical research to increase involvement