Utökning av baljväxtproduktionen för livsmedel i Södra Sverige : en kvalitativ studie med producenter samt representanter from livsmedelsindustrin

The success of modern agriculture has so far primarily been assessed by productivity and economic returns, and not on nutritional value or on the ecosystem services provided besides food and fiber. Despite their high nutritional value, environmental benefits, and economic advantages for the farmer, legume crops are grown on less than 2 % of the arable land in Europe. Expanding the domestic grain legume production could bring a lot of benefits across different scales and levels within the food system, including yield enhancement of subsequent crops, a reduction in the use of agrochemicals and environmental impact caused by fossil fuels, and providing consumers with locally produced, legume-based foods containing good sources of protein and fiber, and several essential vitamins and minerals. This study is part of a larger multi-stakeholder project called “New legume foods” (NLF), a four-year project working on developing climate-smart and protein-rich food products containing domestic legumes. Agroecological principles and inductive theory were applied to explore the preconditions, and barriers to overcome, of expanding the domestic production of legumes for food in Southern Sweden. This was achieved through semi-structured interviews with farmers and key actors from the food industry. All the respondents were generally positive towards an increased, domestic grain legume cultivation, with an increase in volumes or varieties. Challenges that were identified in this study in terms of expanding the grain legume cultivation in southern Sweden included finding suitable varieties for cultivation outside of the current area of production, developing alternative weed and disease practices for grain legume cultivation, and solving the issue of high investment costs for special machinery needed for some grain legume varieties. The underlying motivations of the food industry to promote an expansion of grain legume production seemed to be mainly economical, recognizing the market opportunity and the potential added value of products associated with the ongoing trend of plant-based and locally produced food, and that consumers have become more aware of the nutritional aspects of grain legumes. For the farmers to succeed with the cultivation of a new crop the advisory services needs to be improved, and the farmers also requested the security and stability of knowing that they have a buyer at a fixed price. Based on what the farmers mentioned as motivations for incorporating grain legumes into their crop rotations, they have a high awareness of the potential benefits of growing grain legumes, but they were concerned about the profitability of the production in terms of low price of the produce. The farmers also seem to fail in realizing the economic values outside of the actual returns from the produce, such as reduced need for fertilizers and pesticides in the subsequent crops. Due to this, there seems to be a need to translate the extended services provided by grain legume crops to economic values, and incorporate in the economic calculations, both on a farm level but also in terms of price of the produce. In other words, the farmers need to be paid for the ecosystem services to the environment and society that they provide by including grain legumes in their cropping systems. From the perspectives of the processing industry the challenge of profitability was mainly the uncertainties in yields, volumes and quality of the grain legume produce. This challenge could be mitigated by storing parts of the produce for the following year as a buffer, although with increased costs of storage. This study has further illustrated the importance of collaboration and communication between different key actors in the food system, when developing a complex food system that promotes other services besides the provision of food and fiber. The insights from producers and key actors in the food industry presented in this study can hopefully contribute to the sustainable development of Swedish cropping systems and the expansion of the domestic grain legume production for food, and might also be used as guidelines when moving forward with the NLF project

Migration patterns of Swedish Greylag geese Anser anser-implications for flyway management in a changing world

Significant population growth of some European goose populations has led to initiatives to implement management at the flyway level. Understanding migration routes and spatiotemporal distribution is crucial for the successful and coordinated management of migratory species such as geese. In this study, we describe movements across the entire annual cycle in 76 Greylag geese (Anser anser) fitted with GPS tracking devices at five catch sites in Sweden. We show that Greylag geese breeding in Sweden still use a NE-SW migration path. However, the wintering range has undergone a northward shift during the last decades. Compared to previous studies, our data suggest a continued reduction in migration distance, being most pronounced in birds in southernmost Sweden. Greylag geese tagged in southernmost Sweden spent almost the entire annual cycle in Sweden and Denmark (97 and 100% of all GPS locations). In contrast, the flyway of Greylag geese from the northern catch sites still covers countries from Sweden to Spain, but presently, only a small fraction of the population migrates to Spain. Instead, most of the annual cycle is spent in Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, or Germany. The contrasting spatiotemporal distribution in geese of different geographical origin indicates that management initiatives for the NW/SW European Greylag Goose population need to consider that different migration strategies occur within previously defined management units. As a consequence, coordination of management actions (e.g. monitoring, harvest quotas, reserves) may need to consider different spatial scales, i.e. from the regional to the international scale depending on the origin of the Greylag geese

Leapfrog migration and residents: New migratory habits in Swedish Greylag geese

Knowledge about intraspecific and individual variation in bird migration behavior is important to predict spatiotemporal distribution, patterns of phenology, breeding success, and interactions with the surrounding environment (e.g., human livelihoods). Such variation is key to adaptive, evolutionary responses, i.e., how individuals respond spatiotemporally to the environment to maximize fitness. In this study we used GPS location data from one to three full annual cycles from 76 Greylag geese (Anser anser) to test the hypothesis that geese originating at five latitudinally separated capture sites in Sweden have different migration strategies. We also assessed individual consistency in movement strategy over consecutive annual cycles. We used the scale-independent net squared displacement modeling framework to quantify variables of autumn and spring migration for geese from each capture site: distance, timing, and duration. Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between migration distance and latitudinal origin. Geese from the northernmost site on average migrated farther south and about 15 times as far as the short-moving or resident geese from the two southernmost sites. Movement strategies of individual geese varied considerably both within and among capture sites. Individual consistency in movement strategy from one annual cycle to the consecutive was high in geese from the northern sites moving the farthest, whereas the resident or short-moving geese from the southernmost sites generally showed lower or no individual consistency. These changes have come about during a time span so short (i.e., ca. 35 years or 8-10 generations) that it can unlikely be explained by classical Darwinian between-generation adaptation. Consequently, and given that young geese follow their parents during their first migration, we presume an important role of within-family, inter-generation change as a driver behind the large-scale changed migration habits in Swedish Greylag geese

Från monolog till dialog – en fallstudie om vilken betydelse sociala medier kan ha för intern marknadsföring

Intern marknadsföring blir allt mer betydande i företag, inte minst på grund av allt mer komplexa företagsstrukturer. Trots det verkar det inte finnas ett effektivt verktyg som underlättar företags strategiska användning av intern marknadsföring. Syftet med fallstudien var att öka förståelsen för vad flervägskommunikation via sociala medier kan bidra med i den interna marknadsföringen. Författarna i denna studie har kommit fram till att när flervägskommunikation via sociala medier används som ett internt marknadsföringsverktyg kan det leda till ökad gemenskap, delaktighet och minskade avstånd inom företag. Sociala medier möjliggör även för kunder att bli delaktiga i uppbyggnaden av en enhetlig varumärkesidentitet. Detta kan på sikt leda till en ökad samstämmighet mellan varumärkesidentitet och varumärkesimage. Verktyget kräver emellertid en delaktighet bland alla anställda för att nå full effekt, då det annars snarare kan leda till motsatta effekter

Sykepleie til muslimske pasienter i terminal fase og ved død

Sammendrag Bakgrunn Den terminale fasen er en overgangs periode i livet. Det er viktig at pasientens behov og ønsker blir identifisert og at pleien tilrettelegges ut fra den enkeltes ønsker. For muslimer har religionen en sentral plass og rolle i livets sluttfase. Det er derfor viktig å vite hvilke ritualer og behov døende muslimer og deres pårørende har. Hensikt Hensikten med oppgaven er å belyse hvilke behov, ønsker og ritualer muslimske pasienter som mottar helsehjelp og deres pårørende har, knyttet til terminal fase og død. Metode Metoden benyttet i bacheloren vår er en integrativ litteraturoversikt, hvor vi har valgt ut tre kvalitative studier. Resultatene fra studiene, relevant litteratur og egne refleksjoner utgjør grunnlaget for vår besvarelse av oppgaven. Resultater Resultatene avdekker viktige behov, ønsker og ritualer for muslimske pasienter i terminal fase og deres pårørende. Ritualer som bønn, avklaring av mellommenneskelige forhold, lesing av hellige skrifter og stell av den døde kroppen blir presentert. Resultatene viser at det er familien til muslimske pasienter i terminal fase som mottar informasjon og tar valg på vegne av den døende. Nøkkelord: Terminal fase, religion, ritualer, muslimske pasienter, pårørende

Marknadskommunikation för mobiltelefoner - Vilka designaspekter kan vara viktiga att lyfta fram för att tilltala 15 till 25-åringar?

Syfte: Ta reda på vad vilka designaspekter som tilltalar 15 till 25-åringar i Sverige samt vilken kombination av dessa designaspekter som anses vikiga att lyfta fram. Metod: Vi genomför djupintervjuer samt en e-post intervju med företagsrepresentanter och slumpmässigt valda djupintervjuer av konsumentgruppen. Teoretiska perspektiv: Vi tillämpar främst teorier som berör de fyra designaspekterna som är centrala för vår problemformulering. Även teorier som berör marknadskommunikationen till konsumenten används. Empiri: Studien avser svenska konsumenter mellan 15 till 25 år. Resultat: 15 till 25-åriga svenska konsumenter anser att produktdesignen är den designaspekt som är mest tilltalande för målgruppen och bör tillsammans med ett varumärke lyftas fram i marknadskommunikationen av mobiltelefoner. En karaktäristisk funktion kan accentueras i samband med en tilltalande och färgrik bakgrund, för att förmedla en viss känsla, betydande är dock en upplevd balans med de övriga designaspekterna

Förvirring – en framgångsrik metod att kontrollera inomhuslevande mottfjärilar

Förvirring – en framgångsrik metod att kontrollera inomhuslevande mottfjärilar, Vad vi kan finna i maten: Tre mycket vanliga mottfjärilar, kvarnmott (Ephestia kuehniella), mandelmott (Ephestia cautella) och indiskt mjölmott (Plodia interpunctella) angriper matprodukter över hela världen och orsakar stor skada i fabriker, lagerlokaler och i hem. Fram till väldigt nyligen bekämpades angrepp med kemiska bekämpningsmedel, t.ex. med metylbromid. En ökande insikt om mänsklig hälsovådlighet och insekters ökade resistens mot insekticider ledde till ett förbud mot användning av dessa kemikalier. Alternativa metoder krävs nu för att minska skadeinsekters angrepp. En alternativ metod är att använda feromoner. Feromoner och möjligheten att använda dem i kontrollsyfte: Innan parning avger honan hos alla de tre nämnda arterna en specifik doft (feromon) som attraherar hanar. De tre arternas feromon består av två till fyra olika ämnen som gör doften artspecifik (tillhör endast en art). Dessa närbesläktade mottfjärilar har emellertid samma huvudkomponent i sina feromoner ((Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienylactetat) och denna ensam fungerar relativt väl för samtliga arter. ”Förvirring” är en metod som numera vinner mer och mer mark hos odlare över hela världen. Den övergripande hypotesen är att genom att sprida ut ett moln av det artspecifika doftämnet hindra hanen att hitta doftspåret till honan. Därigenom hindras parning och populationen minskar eller dör ut. Förvirringsmetoden används oftare utomhus i odlingar men dess effekt inomhus har inte hittills blivit undersökt. Vi redovisar här försök på hur förvirring har minskat antalet mottfjärilar i olika typer av lokaler, i kvarnar (kvarnmott), i husdjursfoderlager (Indiskt mjölmott) och i en chokladfabrik (mandelmott) och som tyder på att förvirring är en mycket lovande alternativ metod mot skadeangrepp av mottfjärilar. Förvirring i kvarnar och chokladfabriker: Tre kvarnar har behandlats med förvirring där populationsstorleken har mätts genom att räkna antalet fångade hanar i feromonfällor. Fällfångster minskade drastiskt i alla lokaler och jämförelser mellan år visar att metoden fungerar bättre under en längre tid (cirka 20 månader). Feromonkoncentrationen mättes med en bärbar elektroantennograf (EAG) som visade att feromonhalten ökade direkt efter uppsättandet av feromonavgivarna och att feromonet var jämnt fördelat över hela lokalerna. Färre mott kunde observeras i lokalerna och antalet kundreklamationer minskade under de år försöken pågick. I chokladfabriken kunde vi även fånga mandelmott i vattenfällor som ett oberoende mått på populationsstorleken. Fångster i dessa fällor visade en signifi kant nedgång av populationen av mandelmott. Av dessa förvirringsförsök kan vi sammanfatta att denna metod har stor möjlighet att, på ett miljövänligt sätt, kunna minska populationer av dessa tre inomhuslevande mottfjärilar

Text Annotation Handbook: A Practical Guide for Machine Learning Projects

This handbook is a hands-on guide on how to approach text annotation tasks. It provides a gentle introduction to the topic, an overview of theoretical concepts as well as practical advice. The topics covered are mostly technical, but business, ethical and regulatory issues are also touched upon. The focus lies on readability and conciseness rather than completeness and scientific rigor. Experience with annotation and knowledge of machine learning are useful but not required. The document may serve as a primer or reference book for a wide range of professions such as team leaders, project managers, IT architects, software developers and machine learning engineers.Comment: 30 pages, white pape

The double-edged effect of intergroup similarity: Muslim and Christian immigrants’ acculturation preferences on intergroup relations in Sweden

A 2x2x2 experiment examined effects of the acculturation orientations seen to be endorsed by immigrants (of two different religions) on intergroup relations in Sweden. Swedish majority participants (N = 448) read interviews with Iraqi immigrants in which the immigrants’ religion (Muslim vs. Christian), desired level of contact with the host society (high vs. low) and desire to maintain their own culture (high vs. low) were manipulated. Overall, immigrants who were perceived to favour contact elicited more favourable intergroup attitudes. Desire for contact also interacted with immigrants’ religion: contact among Muslim minorities increased majority members’ support for multiculturalism. In addition, majority members identified more with being Swedish when Christian minorities appeared to endorse contact and reject their heritage culture, which corresponds to an acculturation strategy of assimilation. These findings demonstrate the complex role of religious similarity in intergroup relations. Implications for future research are proposed