A FORÇA DO TERRITÓRIO: AS YABASSÉS E O CORPO FEMININO DE RESISTÊNCIA NA CERIMÔNIA DE OLUBAJÉ NUM TERREIRO DE UMBANDA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL

Following paths throughout the development of a society, we observe in different geographic spaces the role of women as those who generate and nurture not only their own, but an entire community if necessary. Thinking about the construction of a territory is thinking about who the actors are that support the basis so that continuity is possible over generations. Cultures of African origin, emphasizing the focus within religions, have this base very well represented. We can point out here the role that Yabassé occupies, not just there in the ilê but ends up being a stance that goes beyond a farm, we are talking about a force that solidifies the importance that these women occupy in their social role. Generating life goes beyond the symbolism of procreation and through food perpetuates life, resistance, knowledge, circularity and oralitySeguindo caminhos ao longo do desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, observamos em diversos espaços geográficos o papel da mulher como aquela que gera, nutre não somente os seus, mas toda uma comunidade se assim for necessário. Pensar a construção de um território é pensar quem são os atores que sustentam a base para que a continuidade seja possível ao longo de gerações. As culturas de matriz africana, enfatizando o recorte dentro das religiões, possuem esta base muito bem representada. Podemos pontuar aqui o papel que a Yabassé ocupa, não apenas ali no ilê mas acaba sendo uma postura que ultrapassa uma roça, estamos falando de uma força que solidifica a importância que essas mulheres ocupam em seu papel social. Gerar vida é para além do simbolismo de procriação e através da alimentação se perpetua a vida, resistência, conhecimento, circularidade e oralidade

O projecto nacional de educação pelos pares da Fundação Portuguesa “A comunidade contra a sida” em escolas EB2/3 do Porto

O Projecto Nacional de Educação pelos Pares, focado na sexualidade e prevenção do VIH/ SIDA, foi criado pela Fundação Portuguesa “A Comunidade Contra a SIDA” no âmbito do Centro de Aconselhamento e Orientação de Jovens (CAOJ). O processo de aprendizagem, desenvolvido a partir do diagnóstico das necessidades de formação do público-alvo, recorre a metodologias activas que visam educar os adolescentes para uma vivência gratificante da sua sexualidade e prepará-los para assumirem o seu papel de “pares educadores” de colegas mais jovens. Esta educação de pares dirigida a alunos que frequentam o 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico é dinamizada, numa primeira fase, por jovens voluntários universitários organizados em Brigadas Universitárias de Intervenção (BUI) e no Teatro Universitário de Intervenção (TUI). Estes voluntários, com o acompanhamento de professores destacados para o CAOJ, responsáveis pela sua formação pedagógica, desenvolvem o projecto com alunos do 7º ao 9º ano de escolaridade. No terceiro ano de formação, os alunos do 3º ciclo organizados em Brigadas Escolares de Intervenção (BEI) iniciam a sua acção como educadores dos colegas mais novos, geralmente dos 2º e 1º ciclos. Esta comunicação, pretende mostrar a dinâmica deste Projecto desenvolvido em cinco escolas EB2/3 do Porto e discutir, com base em evidências recolhidas junto dos professores, voluntários e alunos envolvidos, alguns resultados obtidos neste ano lectivo

Projecto de educação pelos pares em escolas do Porto durante o ano lectivo 2009/2010

O Projecto Nacional de Educação pelos Pares, criado pela Fundação Portuguesa “A Comunidade Contra a Sida” visa a prevenção do VIH/SIDA e outros comportamentos de risco, através do desenvolvimento de projectos educativos implementados por voluntários universitários nos 7º e 8º anos de escolaridade. Estes estudantes universitários foram formados científica e pedagogicamente pela Fundação, e implementaram o projecto nacional de educação pelos pares com a supervisão de professores destacados para a FPCCS. Quando os alunos que iniciaram este projecto no 7º ano de escolaridade (12-13 anos) chegam ao 9º ano (14-15 anos), educam os seus pares dos 1º e 2º ciclos (6-11 anos) do ensino básico. A presente comunicação pretende discutir alguns dados recolhidos em seis escolas do porto envolvidas no Projecto Nacional de Educação pelos Pares, através de dois questionários de auto-resposta, designados "Sexualidade e SIDA", implementados no início do 1º e 2º anos de intervenção, que visam avaliar as necessidades de formação dos alunos nesta área. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que alguns alunos das escolas ignoram como prevenir a infecção pelo VIH e quais são os seus meios de transmissão. Por outro lado, têm a noção de que a infecção pelo VIH está associada a 'comportamentos de risco' não a 'grupos de risco'. A análise dos questionários do 8º ano evidenciou que os alunos gostaram mais de realizar dinâmicas de grupo, pelo impacto que tiveram na sua assertividade e na capacidade para reflectir sobre as consequências das suas escolhas e das decisões que tomam em relação ao seu comportamento sexual

Labeling mesenchymal cells with DMSA-coated gold and iron oxide nanoparticles : assessment of biocompatibility and potential applications

Nanoparticles’ unique features have been highly explored in cellular therapies. However, nanoparticles can be cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity can be overcome by coating the nanoparticles with an appropriated surface modification. Nanoparticle coating influences biocompatibility between nanoparticles and cells and may affect some cell properties. Here, we evaluated the biocompatibility of gold and maghemite nanoparticles functionalized with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), Au-DMSA and γ-Fe2O3-DMSA respectively, with human mesenchymal stem cells. Also, we tested these nanoparticles as tracers for mesenchymal stem cells in vivo tracking by computed tomography and as agents for mesenchymal stem cells magnetic targeting

A 1.8 million year history of Amazon vegetation

During the Pleistocene, long-term trends in global climate were controlled by orbital cycles leading to high amplitude glacial-interglacial variability. The history of Amazonian vegetation during this period is largely unknown since no continuous record from the lowland basin extends significantly beyond the last glacial stage. Here we present a paleoenvironmental record spanning the last 1800 kyr based on palynological data, biome reconstructions, and biodiversity metrics from a marine sediment core that preserves a continuous archive of sediments from the Amazon River. Tropical rainforests dominated the Amazonian lowlands during the last 1800 ka interchanging with surrounding warm-temperate rainforests and tropical seasonal forests. Between 1800 and 1000 ka, rainforest biomes were present in the Amazon drainage basin, along with extensive riparian wetland vegetation. Tropical rainforest expansion occurred during the relatively warm Marine Isotope Stages 33 and 31 (ca. 1110 to 1060 ka), followed by a contraction of both forests and wetlands until ca. 800 ka. Between 800 and 400 ka, low pollen concentration and low diversity of palynological assemblages renders difficult the interpretation of Amazonian vegetation. A strong synchronicity between vegetation changes and glacial-interglacial global climate cycles was established around 400 ka. After 400 ka, interglacial vegetation was dominated by lowland tropical rainforest in association with warmer temperatures and higher CO2. During cooler temperatures and lower CO2 of glacial stages, tropical seasonal forests expanded, presumably towards eastern Amazonia. While this study provides no evidence supporting a significant expansion of savanna or steppe vegetation within the Amazonian lowlands during glacial periods, there were changes in the rainforest composition in some parts of the basin towards a higher proportion of deciduous elements, pointing to less humid conditions and/or greater seasonality of precipitation. Nevertheless, rainforest persisted during both glacial and interglacial periods. These findings confirm the sensitivity of tropical lowland vegetation to changes in CO2, temperature, and moisture availability and the most suitable conditions for tropical rainforests occurred during the warmest stages of the Mid Pleistocene Transition and during the interglacial stages of the past 400 kyr

Flipping the Classroom: Reflections on the flipped classroom and teaching practice in Philosophy in the Higher Education

The new Coronavirus Pandemic has revealed the need for a methodological redefinition of teaching and learning attitude of teachers and students, through the pedagogical use of digital technologies. Therefore, this article aims to present reflections on the use of the Flipped Classroom methodology as a re-signifying possibility for the teaching of Philosophy in Higher Education, considering the context of remote emergency teaching. Assuming that there is a concern with the didactic-pedagogical and sociopolitical process of teaching and learning that constitutes teaching practice in the teaching of Philosophy in Brazilian Academies, the question is: what are the advantages and challenges of using the flipped classroom methodology in the process of teaching and learning Philosophy in Higher Education? For this, two fundamental aspects of the formal educational process are discussed: the first refers to the didactic-pedagogical and sociopolitical aspects of the teaching and learning process that constitute the teaching practice, as the content and didactics are emphasized. that is, the “what” and the “how to teach” and the second, it is about the need for re-signification/updating of traditional teaching in face of active methodologies. Based on the current context of remote teaching and/or hybrid teaching in Higher Education in Brazil, it is concluded that is necessary to reframe pedagogical practice in terms of the production of academic knowledge, without losing sight of the conditions in which it is produced

Smoking-induced aggravation of experimental arthritis is dependent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in Th17 cells.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have highlighted the association of environmental factors with the development and progression of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Among the environmental factors, smoking has been associated with increased susceptibility and poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the immune and molecular mechanism of smoking-induced arthritis aggravation remains unclear. The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates the generation of Th17 cells, CD4 T cells linked the development of autoimmune diseases. AHR is activated by organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are environmental pollutants that are also present in cigarette smoke. In this study, we investigated the role of AHR activation in the aggravation of experiment arthritis induced by exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke during the developmental phase of antigen-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis to evaluate the effects of smoking on disease development. Aggravation of articular inflammation was assessed by measuring neutrophil migration to the joints, increase in articular hyperalgesia and changes in the frequencies of Th17 cells. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the direct effects of cigarette smoke and PAH on Th17 differentiation. We also used mice genetically deficient for AHR (Ahr KO) and IL-17Ra (Il17ra KO) to determine the in vivo mechanism of smoking-induced arthritis aggravation. Results: We found that smoking induces arthritis aggravation and increase in the frequencies of Th17 cells. The absence of IL-17 signaling (Il17ra KO) conferred protection to smoking-induced arthritis aggravation. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that cigarette smoke can directly increase Th17 differentiation of T cells by inducing AHR activation. Indeed, Ahr KO mice were protected from cigarette smoke-induced arthritis aggravation and did not display increase in TH17 frequencies, suggesting that AHR activation is an important mechanism for cigarette smoke effects on arthritis. Finally, we demonstrate that PAHs are also able to induce arthritis aggravation. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the disease-exacerbating effects of cigarette smoking are AHR dependent and environmental pollutants with AHR agonist activity can induce arthritis aggravation by directly enhancing Th17 cell development

Influence of migration on prevalence of serological hepatitis B markers in a rural community: 2 - Comparative analysis of some characteristics of the population studied

The association between prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers and birthplace, in a study carried out in a small rural county of S. Paulo State, Brazil, suggests different risk factors for hepatitis B between migrants and nonmigrant populations. These two groups were compared with regard to the following variables: level of education, professional occupation, number of previous hospitalizations, past history of blood transfusions and type of dental treatment. Migrants, mainly those from other states of Brazil, showed a low-level of education, a high proportion of people employed in agricultural activities, a higher number of past hospitalizations and higher exposure to blood transfusion and to more aggressive dental procedures. Associations were observed between the prevalence of serological markers and the following variables: level of education, professional occupation, number of previous hospitalizations and type of dental procedures, even though the last two associations did not justify the higher prevalences observed among migrants. The different distribution of hepatitis B markers seems to be dependent on the migrants' worse socio-economic condition, demonstrated by their lower level of education and by the predominance of secondary occupations.A associação entre prevalência de marcadores sorológicos de hepatite B e local de nascimento, verificado em estudo realizado num município de características rurais do Estado de São Paulo, Cássia dos Coqueiros, sugere existirem diferenças entre migrantes e não-migrantes no que diz respeito a fatores de risco para hepatite B. Esses dois grupos foram analisados segundo as variáveis escolaridade, ocupação profissional, número de hospitalizações, antecedente de transfusões sangüíneas e tipo de tratamento dentário prévio. A comparação entre os grupos mostra que migrantes, particularmente de outros Estados do País, apresentam baixos níveis de escolaridade, elevadas proporções de lavradores empregados, maior número de internações prévias e maiores exposições a transfusões sangüíneas e a procedimentos odontológicos mais agressivos. Observaram-se ainda associações entre a prevalência de marcadores de hepatite B e as variáveis escolaridade, ocupação profissional, número de hospitalizações e tipo de tratamento odontológico, muito embora as duas últimas não justifiquem as maiores prevalências entre os migrantes. A distribuição diferenciada de marcadores de hepatite B parece ser resultado da pior condição socioeconômica dos migrantes, refletida pelo seu nível inferior de escolaridade e pela predominância de ocupações secundárias