TEKSTİL ATIK SUYUNDA HRP-CLEA İLE HİDROJEN PEROKSİDİN GİDERİLMESİ İÇİN ÖLÇEK BÜYÜTME TASARIMININ MODELLENMESİ VE SİMÜLASYONU

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant chemical used asa bleach in the textile industry and it is important to remove it from water before being released to the environment. The oxidizing substrate of peroxidase (HRP) enzyme is hydrogen peroxide. In this study, cross-linked aggregates (CLEA) of HRP enzyme were used to remove hydrogen peroxide and glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a crosslinking agent.When the kinetic constants of the free peroxidase enzyme were calculated, saturation constant was 0,06965 mmol H2O2/L and maximum specific rate constant was found as 0.0232mmol H2O2/L.sec. Average saturation constant, Kmof HRP-CLEA was found as 0,00625 mmol H2O2/L, and average maximum specific rate constant value, Vm, was calculated as 0.0699x10-3 mmol H2O2/L.sec in wastewater without dye. More then 90 % H2O2removal was achieved in 15 minutes with HRP-CLEA. The removal of the wastewater containing H2O2(0.02M) was completed in five minutes.In the scale-up approach, the data was evaluated using the Euler solution algorithm and the H2O2removal in the efficiency factor range where the kinetic constants change was calculated. Assuming the reaction rate changes linearly, the activity variations that will occur during scaling up with the enzyme in aggregate form were determined in the range of 125% -50%, and the industrial-scale design was modelled by taking into account the activity factors. In scaling up, concentrations that will occur in the increased reaction volume have been simulated. The results obtained showed that HRP-CLEAs are more advantageous than free enzyme in terms of time and cost

SINIFLANDIRMA SONRASI KARŞILAŞTIRMA TEKNİĞİ KULLANILARAK HETEROJEN YAPIYA SAHİP ORMANLARDA ZAMANSAL DEĞİŞİMLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Bu çalışmada, sınıflandırma sonrası karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yayılış gösteren ve ağaç türü, gelişim çağı, kapalılık gibi yapısal özellikleri bakımından farklılıklar içeren meşcerelere sahip ormanlarda oluşan zamansal değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 1987 ve 2000 yılı Landsat uydu görüntülerine en yüksek olabilirlik algoritması ile kontrollü sınıflandırma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Sınıflandırılmış görüntülerin doğrulukları hata matrisleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve genel kappa istatistikleri sırasıyla 0.8543 ve 0.9038 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen değişim matrisinde, farklı ana bilgi sınıfları arasındaki geçişler incelendiğinde, toplam alanın %29.77’sinde değişim belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Landsat uydu veri setinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, sınıflandırma sonrası karşılaştırma yöntemi ile çalışma alanındaki heterojen yapıya sahip ormanlarda oluşan zamansal değişimlerin sınırlı detayda ancak yüksek doğrulukla belirlenebildiği ortaya konulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sınıflandırma sonrası karşılaştırma, Değişim analizi, Uzaktan Algılam

Relationship between interleukin-6 levels and ambulatory blood pressure in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To determine 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures (ABP) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relationship with interleukin-6 (IL-6). Design: Prospective controlled study. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Fifty-four PCOS patients. Intervention(s): Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted. Anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters, including plasma IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and nitric oxide (NO), were measured in each subject. Main Outcome Measure(s): Ambulatory blood pressure and plasma IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen, and NO. Result(s): Serum IL-6 levels of PCOS women in the highest systolic blood pressure (SBP) quartile were significantly higher than those of women in the lowest SBP quartile. The high serum IL-6 levels (serum IL-6 level R5.1 pg/mL) were associated with a higher probability of raised SBP (R126 mm Hg), with an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% confidence interval 0.8–7.9). The systolic and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were significantly related to serum IL-6 levels. The IL-6 levels were positively and significantly correlated with serum CRP levels. Interleukin- 6 and CRP were negatively and significantly correlated with serum NO levels. Conlusion(s): The results suggest that raised plasma IL-6 levels may be related to ambulatory SBP and DBP in PCOS

Ocena zaburzeń przewodzenia przedsionkowego i czynności mechanicznej lewego przedsionka u chorych z subklinicznymi zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy

Introduction: Changes of thyroid hormones levels may lead to effects, not only in ventricular function, but also atrial function. The aim of this study was to investigate left atrial (LA) mechanical functions, atrial electromechanical coupling and P wave dispersion in patients with subclinical thyroid disorders. Material and methods: Eighty patients with subclinical thyroid disorders and forty controls were included. A diagnosis of subclinical thyroid disorders were reached with increased or decreased serum TSH and normal free T4 (fT4) levels. LA volumes were measured using the biplane area length method and LA active and passive emptying volumes and fraction were calculated. Intra- and interatrial electromechanical delay were measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Results: All groups had similar demographic findings. LA mechanical functions significantly impaired in subclinical thyroid disorders than control group. Intra- and Interatrial delay, were measured significantly higher in patients with subclinical thyroid disorders than control group. PA lateral and interatrial delay were positively correlated with TSH (r = 0.507, p = 0.006 and r = 0.455, p = 0.015, respectively) in subclinical hypothyroid patients. There was negative correlation between TSH and interatrial delay (r = –0.492, p = 0.006) in subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Linear multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that, TSH was the only an independent factor of interatrial delay in patients with subclinica tlhyroid disorders. Conclusions: This study showed that impaired LA mechanical and electromechanical function in subclinical thyroid disorders. TSH was an independent determinant of interatrial delay. Prolonged atrial electromechanical coupling time and impaired mechanical atrial functions may be related to the increased incidence of arrhythmias.Wstęp: Zmiany stężeń hormonów tarczycy mogą wpływać nie tylko na czynność komór serca, ale również na czynność przedsionków. Niniejsze badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny czynności mechanicznej lewego przedsionka (LA), sprzężenia elektromechanicznego i dyspersji załamka P u chorych z subklinicznymi zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 80 chorych z subklinicznymi zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy i 40 osób stanowiących grupę kontrolną. Zaburzenia czynności tarczycy rozpoznawano na podstawie obniżonego lub podwyższonego stężenia TSH w surowicy i prawidłowego stężenia wolnej T4 (fT4). Zmierzono objętości LA, posługując się dwupłaszczyznową metodą area-lenght (pole– wymiar podłużny). Obliczono również objętości i frakcje aktywnego i biernego opróżniania LA. Do pomiaru opóźnienia przewodnictwa wewnątrzi międzyprzedsionkowego zastosowano technikę doplera tkankowego. Wyniki: Grupy nie różniły się pod względem charakterystyki demograficznej. W grupie z zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy mechaniczna funkcja przedsionków była istotnie upośledzona w porównaniu z osobami z grupy kontrolnej. Opóźnienie przewodnictwa wewnątrzi międzyprzedsionkowego stwierdzano istotnie częściej u osób z zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy. Stwierdzono dodatnią korelację miedzy opóźnieniem elektromechanicznym (PA lateral) i opóźnieniem przewodzenia międzyprzedsionkowego a TSH (odpowiednio r = 0,507; p = 0,006 i r = 0,455; p = 0,015) u osób z subkliniczną niedoczynnością tarczycy. Z kolei u osób z subkliniczną nadczynnością tarczycy zaobserwowano ujemną korelację między TSH i opóźnieniem przewodzenia międzyprzedsionkowego (r = –0,492; p = 0,006). W wieloczynnikowej analizie regresji liniowej wykazano, że stężenie TSH było jedynym parametrem niezależnie związanym z opóźnieniem przewodzenia międzyprzedsionkowego u chorych z subklinicznymi zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy. Wnioski: W niniejszym badaniu wykazano upośledzoną czynność mechaniczną i elektromechaniczną LA u chorych z subklinicznymi zaburzeniami czynności tarczycy. Stężenie TSH było niezależnym czynnikiem determinującym opóźnienie przewodzenia międzyprzedsionkowego. Wydłużenie czasu sprzężenia elektromechanicznego i upośledzenie mechanicznej czynności przedsionków mogą się wiązać ze zwiększoną zapadalnością na zaburzenia rytmu

GNSS station design for global climate change monitoring in Antarctica: ınstallation of TUR1 and TUR2 GNSS stations on Horseshoe Island in Antarctica During The 4th Turkish Antarctic Science Expedition

Son yıllarda uzay tabanlı konumlama sistemleri, GNSS Meteorolojisi ve GNSS Reflektometresi teknikleri kullanılarak gözlemlenen atmosferik su buharı, deniz, buz ve kar seviyeleri gibi önemli parametrelerle küresel iklim değişikliğinin izlenmesinde etkili bir destekleyici araç haline gelmiştir. Küresel ölçekte tüm bölgelerden daha hızlı ısınan Antarktika'da iklim değişikliğini incelemek, gelecekteki iklim değişikliğini daha doğru tahmin etmek için çok önemlidir. Dünya'nın iklim değişikliği etkilerinin izlenebilmesi amacıyla, 118Y322 No’lu TÜBİTAK projesi kapsamında GNSS Meteorolojisi ve GNSS Reflektometresi teknikleri ile 24 Şubat 2020 tarihinden itibaren Antarktika’da atmosferik su buharı değişimleri, kar derinliği ve buz kalınlığı değişimleri gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Troposfer ve Deniz Seviyesi Gözlem İstasyonu (TUR1) ile Troposfer ve Kar / Buz Seviyesi Gözlem İstasyonunun (TUR2) tasarım çalışmaları ve 4. Ulusal Antarktika Bilim Seferi’nde Antarktika Horseshoe Adası’na kurulum aşamaları anlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, meteorolojik koşullar, şebekeden bağımsız ve batarya ile bütünleşik enerji sisteminin en sağlıklı şekilde güneş ve rüzgâr enerjisinden beslenmesi ve bölgede oluşabilecek buzul oluşumu ve kayaç parçalanması gibi jeolojik parametreler de göz önüne alınarak yapılmıştır.In recent years, space-based positioning systems have become an effective supporting tool for monitoring global climate change by important parameters such as atmospheric water vapor, sea, ice and snow levels observed by using GNSS Meteorology and GNSS Reflectometry techniques. Studying climate change in Antarctica, which is warming faster than all of the regions on a global scale, is very important to predict future climate change more accurately. In order to monitor climate change effects of the Earth, tropospheric water vapor variations, snow depth and ice thickness changes have been observing in Antarctica since 24 February 2020 by means of GNSS Meteorology and GNSS Reflectometry techniques within the scope of the TUBITAK Project No. 118Y322 In this study, designing studies of Troposphere and Sea Level Observation Station (TUR1) and Troposphere and Snow / Ice Level Observation Station (TUR2) and installation steps to Horseshoe Island in Antarctica during the 4th National Antarctic Science Expedition are explained. These studies was carried out by taking into account the meteorological conditions, the healthiest feeding of the off grid battery integrated energy system from solar and wind energy and geological parameters such as glacial formation and rock fragmentation that may occur in the region

Operational Research: methods and applications

This is the final version. Available on open access from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordThroughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first summarises the up-to-date knowledge and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion and used as a point of reference by a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order. The authors dedicate this paper to the 2023 Turkey/Syria earthquake victims. We sincerely hope that advances in OR will play a role towards minimising the pain and suffering caused by this and future catastrophes

It's getting worse

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 8-Kapalıçarşıİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033