ディアスポラと労働・工作の表象 : 2014年以後のチャン・リュル映画についての一考察

Chinese Korean film director Zhang Lu made his 12 feature films, since the release of “Gyeongju” (2014) there has been a change in the way he describes. Until then, his works has been set in the towns and villages along the border where the Koreans are living, and they have to live there. However, since “Gyeongju” the main character was represented as the tourist and they were visiting Korea and Japan reely. This is the impact of social change since 2014, which reflects the change in social life in East Asia, which is depicted in Zhang Lu’s works. To argue that, this paper analyzes Zhang Lu’s works from 2014 on the characteristics of the main character, the difference between labor and “operating(kosaku)”, memory and translation. This study examines the social change of Diaspora consciousness in East Asia since 2014 and its characteristics.１．はじめに / ２．先行研究～韓国におけるチャン・リュル作品と思想の研究 / ３． 2014年『慶州』以降の主人公と登場人物の特徴 / ４． 2014年以降のディアスポラの「労働」と「工作」との関係 / ５．ディアスポラと記憶～チャン・リュルの創作思想の特徴 / ６． チャン・リュル作品における東アジアのディアスポラの一般化 / ７．翻訳されない言語と垣間見えるルーツ / ８．おわり

Mismatch repair proteins recruited to ultraviolet light-damaged sites lead to degradation of licensing factor Cdt1 in the G1 phase

<p>Cdt1 is rapidly degraded by CRL4^Cdt2 E3 ubiquitin ligase after UV (UV) irradiation. Previous reports revealed that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is responsible for the rapid Cdt1-proteolysis. Here, we show that mismatch repair (MMR) proteins are also involved in the degradation of Cdt1 after UV irradiation in the G1 phase. First, compared with the rapid (within ∼15 min) degradation of Cdt1 in normal fibroblasts, Cdt1 remained stable for ∼30 min in NER-deficient XP-A cells, but was degraded within ∼60 min. The delayed degradation was also dependent on PCNA and CRL4^Cdt2. The MMR proteins Msh2 and Msh6 were recruited to the UV-damaged sites of XP-A cells in the G1 phase. Depletion of these factors with small interfering RNAs prevented Cdt1 degradation in XP-A cells. Similar to the findings in XP-A cells, depletion of XPA delayed Cdt1 degradation in normal fibroblasts and U2OS cells, and co-depletion of Msh6 further prevented Cdt1 degradation. Furthermore, depletion of Msh6 alone delayed Cdt1 degradation in both cell types. When Cdt1 degradation was attenuated by high Cdt1 expression, repair synthesis at the damaged sites was inhibited. Our findings demonstrate that UV irradiation induces multiple repair pathways that activate CRL4^Cdt2 to degrade its target proteins in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, leading to efficient repair of DNA damage.</p

Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons preferentially reactivate dorsal dentate gyrus cell ensembles associated with positive experience

Summary: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common mental illnesses. Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons are central to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. Repeatedly recalling positive episodes is effective for MDD. Stimulating 5-HT neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or neuronal ensembles in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) associated with positive memories reverses the stress-induced behavioral abnormalities. Despite this phenotypic similarity, their causal relationship is unclear. This study revealed that the DRN 5-HT neurons activate dDG neurons; surprisingly, this activation was specifically observed in positive memory ensembles rather than neutral or negative ensembles. Furthermore, we revealed that dopaminergic signaling induced by activation of DRN 5-HT neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area mediates an increase in active coping behavior and positive dDG ensemble reactivation. Our study identifies a role of DRN 5-HT neurons as specific reactivators of positive memories and provides insights into how serotonin elicits antidepressive effects

西欧中世比較史料論研究 : 平成17年度研究成果年次報告書

表紙・目次 / 0.「西欧中世比較史料論研究」の趣旨と活動目標 / 1.シンポジウム「史料論のいま」 / 2.シンポジウム「西欧中世史料論研究の具体的課題」 / 3.研究会「修道院カルチュレール史料論」 / 4.研究会「考古学と歴史学」 / 5.研究会「ブノワ＝ミシェル・トック教授講演会」 / ブノワ＝ミシェル・トック「西欧中近世におけるアーカイヴズ（6-18世紀）」 / ブノワ＝ミシェル・トック「10-13世紀の西欧における私文書」 / コメント / 執筆者紹