O bullying em contexto de acolhimento residencial

O "bullying" é uma problemática investigada em diversos contextos como o organizacional, o prisional e principalmente o escolar. Contudo, o contexto de acolhimento residencial não tem sido alvo de investigações sistemáticas, sendo que o acolhimento fornece maior margem para sua ocorrência contínua, num contexto em que as crianças e jovens são suposto estar sob uma medida que os/as protege. O presente estudo pretendeu investigar a presença e frequência de tipos de "bullying" em contexto de acolhimento residencial em Portugal, na perspetiva dos profissionais que trabalham nestas unidades. Ambicionou ainda compreender a relação entre o "bullying" e o ambiente destas unidades, bem como as crenças/atitudes dos profissionais que legitimam ou não esses comportamentos. Participaram 51 profissionais que preencheram medidas de auto-relato sobre as suas perceções de "bullying" e suas tipologias, o clima ou ambiente no contexto da unidade residencial onde trabalhavam, e as suas crenças e atitudes face ao "bullying". Os resultados indicaram que o "bullying" existe, principalmente do tipo psicológico. Mostraram ainda a relação significativa de vários tipos de "bullying" com um clima de maior poder e dominância. Os profissionais revelaram atitudes negativas e não legitimadoras do "bullying".Bullying has been researched in many contexts, especially in the schools. Residential care has not systematically been investigated, while it is acknowledged that its contexts may allow for a continuous experience of such behaviors, in a system that should provide protection to children and youth. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and frequency of diferent types of bullying in residential care in Portugal. It also aimed to explore its relation to residential climate and to professional attitudes and beliefs about bullying. 51 professionals participated in the study by filling in a self-report measure. Results showed that bullying exists, mostly psychological. There was a significant association between bullying and greater levels of power and dominance as far as the climate is concerned. Professionals mostly had a negative view of bullying and did not legitimize it

Análise microestrutural do esmalte decíduo desmineralizado após escovação dentária in vitro

The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the morphological characteristics of demineralized primary enamel subjected to brushing with a dentifrice with or without fluoride. In order to do so, 32 enamel blocks were divided in 4 different groups containing 8 blocks each. They were separately immersed in artificial saliva for 15 days. The experimental groups were: C - control; E - submitted to etching with 37% phosphoric acid gel (30 s); EB - submitted to etching and brushing 3 times a day with a non-fluoridated dentifrice; EBF = submitted to etching and brushing 3 times a day with a fluoridated dentifrice. The toothbrushing force was standardized at 0.2 kgf and 15 double strokes were performed on each block. After the experimental period, the samples were prepared and examined under SEM. The control group (C) showed a smooth surface, presenting scratches caused by habitual toothbrushing. The etched samples (E) exhibited different degrees of surface disintegration, but the pattern of acid etching was predominantly the type II dissolution. The brushed surfaces were smooth, with elevations which corresponded to the exposure of Tomes process pits and depressions which corresponded to interrod enamel. Particles resembling calcium carbonate were found in the most protected parts of the grooves. No morphological differences were observed between brushing with fluoridated (EBF) and non-fluoridated (EB) dentifrice. The results suggest that the mechanical abrasion caused by brushing demineralized enamel with dentifrice smoothes the rough etched surface, and the presence of fluoride does not cause morphological modifications in this pattern.O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as características morfológicas do esmalte decíduo desmineralizado submetido à escovação com dentifrício fluoretado ou não fluoretado. Para isto, 32 blocos de esmalte foram separados em 4 grupos diferentes, contendo 8 elementos cada que foram imersos em saliva artificial por 15 dias: C = controle; E = atacado com gel de ácido fosfórico a 37% por 30 segundos; EB = atacado e escovado 3 vezes ao dia com dentifrício não fluoretado; EBF = atacado e escovado 3 vezes ao dia com dentifrício fluoretado. A escovação foi padronizada em 0,2 kgf e 15 movimentos de vai-e-vem foram executados em cada bloco. Após o período experimental, as amostras foram preparadas e examinadas no MEV. O grupo controle (C) apresentou lisura superficial e riscos causados pela escovação habitual; as amostras atacadas (E) apresentaram diferentes graus de desintegração superficial, porém o padrão de ataque ácido foi predominantemente a dissolução do tipo II. As superfícies escovadas apresentaram-se alisadas, com exposição das elevações correspondentes aos processos de Tomes e as depressões de esmalte interprismático. Partículas semelhantes a carbonato de cálcio foram encontradas nas partes mais protegidas das depressões. Não houve diferença quando os grupos foram escovados com dentifrício fluoretado (EBF) e dentifrício sem fluoreto (EB). Os resultados sugerem que a abrasão mecânica da escovação com dentifrício sobre o esmalte desmineralizado alisa a superfície rugosa causada pelo condicionamento ácido e que a presença do fluoreto não altera morfologicamente este padrão

Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence and Untreated Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To associate caregivers\u27 sense of coherence (SOC) and untreated caries with oral health status in children covered by a dental public health system. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of caregivers/children in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, was surveyed. Caregivers\u27 SOC was evaluated using the 13-question version questionnaire. For both caregivers/children, sociodemographic information was acquired and caries experience was evaluated by DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa index. Statistical associations between children\u27s untreated carious teeth and interest variables from the caregivers were evaluated by binary logistic regression assessed by generalized linear modeling. Results: A total of 233 pairs of caregivers-children were included. Children\u27s untreated permanent and primary carious teeth represented 34.8% and 62.2% of the caries experience, respectively and at least one PUFA/pufa scored tooth was detected in 22.7% of them. Caregivers\u27 DMFT was 13.5±7.0, while 33.6% scored on PUFA. A total of 62.1% of them presented untreated carious lesions. Results from the univariate model, correlating children\u27s untreated caries and caregivers\u27 attributes showed a statistical significance for SOC values (p<0.015), untreated decayed teeth (p<0.035), self-perception of oral health (p<0.022) and oral impact on daily performance (p<0.010). The multivariate logistic first model kept the statistical significance only for the caregiver\u27s untreated decayed teeth. Conclusion: Caregivers\u27 SOC and untreated carious teeth could be used as indicators of dental treatment needs in their offspring

Association Between Caries Experience and School Performance in an Island Community: Full-Time versus Part-Time Public Schools

Objective: To investigate the association between caries experience and school performance among children and adolescents living in an island community without fluoridated water supply and to compare data according to the type of attended school (full-time or part-time). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional oral health survey in a convenience sample of students (n=147) attending four public schools was performed. Students were examined by one calibrated dentist in the school environment to the obtain prevalence of dental caries (DMFT/dmft) and its consequences using the PUFA/pufa index. Self-reported oral health behavior was also accessed. Data from each student’s school performance and absenteeism were extracted from official sources and the school performance was classified into “good” and “fair”. The final sample consisted of 120 students. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were performed to evaluate collected data. Results: Students´ age ranged between 5 to 19 years (10±4.3). DMFT/dmft mean were 1.3 (±2.3) and 3.05 (±3.4), respectively. Conclusion:Participants from the full-time school presented better oral health status than their peers in the part-time schools (p<0.05). A significant association was found between the prevalence of caries-free participants and good school performance when the factor age range was controlled (OR=2.87). Moreover, attendance to full-time schools appeared to be a protective factor for good oral health conditions

Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence and Untreated Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To associate caregivers' sense of coherence (SOC) and untreated caries with oral health status in children covered by a dental public health system. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of caregivers/children in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, was surveyed. Caregivers' SOC was evaluated using the 13-question version questionnaire. For both caregivers/children, sociodemographic information was acquired and caries experience was evaluated by DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa index. Statistical associations between children's untreated carious teeth and interest variables from the caregivers were evaluated by binary logistic regression assessed by generalized linear modeling. Results: A total of 233 pairs of caregivers-children were included. Children's untreated permanent and primary carious teeth represented 34.8% and 62.2% of the caries experience, respectively and at least one PUFA/pufa scored tooth was detected in 22.7% of them. Caregivers' DMFT was 13.5±7.0, while 33.6% scored on PUFA. A total of 62.1% of them presented untreated carious lesions. Results from the univariate model, correlating children's untreated caries and caregivers' attributes showed a statistical significance for SOC values (p<0.015), untreated decayed teeth (p<0.035), self-perception of oral health (p<0.022) and oral impact on daily performance (p<0.010). The multivariate logistic first model kept the statistical significance only for the caregiver's untreated decayed teeth. Conclusion: Caregivers' SOC and untreated carious teeth could be used as indicators of dental treatment needs in their offspring

Sealing Carious Fissures with Resin Infiltrant in Association with a Flowable Composite Reduces Immediate Microleakage?

Objective: To compare the immediate microleakage of carious fissures sealed with a caries infiltrant covered by a flowable composite or solely with a flowable composite. Material and Methods: Extracted carious molars (n=20) were selected and paired among the experimental groups according to caries progression scores. Experimental groups (n=10) were divided according to&nbsp; the following sealing techniques: 1) caries infiltrant (Icon) + flowable composite (Z350 flow); 2) flowable composite (Z350 flow). Specimens were immersed in 3% methylene blue and evaluated in a stereomicroscope. Microleakage scores were attributed independently by two calibrated evaluators and the mode value was considered as the mean for the specimen. Binomial tests were used to test differences between two independent sample proportions at 5% significance level. Results: In the flowable composite group, a higher prevalence of dye penetration along the full depth of the fissure was observed, compared with caries infiltrant + flowable composite (p&lt;0.05). For specimens showing dye penetration up to half of the fissure, in caries infiltrant + flowable composite group, all specimens showed dye penetration into the sealant, but not over the infiltrant. Conclusion: Using caries infiltrant as sealing material under a flowable composite cover is effective to improve the immediate sealing ability in carious fissures compared to sealing with flowable composite

Reliability of Two Methods of Evaluation of the Apical Limit of Obturation of Root Canals of Primary Teeth: A Pilot Study

Objective: To verify the concordance in the evaluation of the apical limit of obturation (ALO) in filled root canals of primary teeth between digital and visual methods. Material and Methods: Twenty periapical radiographs of endodontically treated primary teeth were digitalized and evaluated by an endodontics specialist (E1), a PhD pediatric dentist (E2), and a MSc general dentist (E3). Calibrated evaluators (Kappa = 1.00) analysed the images in a light-isolated environment two times (D1 and D2) with a one-week interval between evaluations. ALO scores were categorized as overfilled, flush-filled and underfilled. Results: The intra-rater reliability between methods was 0.82 (D1) and 0.75 (D2) for E1, 0.93 (D1 and D2) for E2, and 0.94 (D1 and D2) for E3. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.71 (E1 × E3) and 1.00 (E1 × E2) for the visual method to 0.76 (E1 × E3) and 0.88 (E1 × E2) for the digital method. Spearman correlation coefficients showed a similar ranking among the evaluators. There was greater disagreement among the underfilled and ideal scores. For all evaluators, the digital method favoured the identification of the ideal score. Conclusion: Both methods are suitable for the determination of the ALO of filled primary teeth and can be used in clinical practice