Resolving Paradoxes of Robertsonian Translocations

Since Robertsonian translocations (ROB) are essential in the etiology of congenital malformations and reproductive disorders, it is natural to assume that they represent a thoroughly studied subject. However, on closer inspection, there are poorly studied areas within this field. The aim of this report is to present results of a comprehensive analysis of available data collected by researchers worldwide that allows a new look at the problems mentioned above. There were determined rates and spectrums of ROB in the general population and in patients with reproductive disorders. The comprehension of a female-based sex ratio (male-to-female ratio) among newborn carriers of balanced nonhomologous ROB in the general population leads to a conclusion on the mechanism of sex-specific correction of translocation trisomy, which might explain both inexplicably low occurrence of rob-associated uniparental disomy and phenomenon of “non-Mendelian-inheritance.” The data obtained indicate that female ROB carriers are at a much higher risk of uniparental disomy compared to male ROB carriers. In the majority of asymptomatic male carriers of homologous translocation/isochromosome (HT), spermatogenesis is not impaired. An analysis of sex ratio among ill-defined HT carriers showed a difference between patients with Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome, indicating different mechanisms of HT formation

Use of Probiotic Preparations in Waste Waters Cleaning of Agricultural Enterprises

The main cause of pollution of water basins is the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage into water bodies by industrial enterprises, utilities and agriculture. There are environmental problems in many enterprises of the country engaged in the production and processing of agricultural products. The article analyzes the results of research on the use of the Microbiological Cleaning System in model experiments. According to the results of model experiments, the optimal concentration of use of the drug was determined. Based on the results of the research, we propose the use of the Microbiological Purification System for pre-treatment of wastewater, even in the case of heavy pollution. Agriculture is an industry that is a source of environmental pollution. Purification of hazardous waste in enterprises can be accomplished through the introduction of biotechnology using probiotic preparations. The use of probiotics in the field of wastewater treatment is a relatively new direction that does not have much knowledge. The prospect of probiotic preparations for wastewater treatment is now being studied by many authors. As a result of the research, it was noted that the probiotic preparation intensifies the processes of biological wastewater treatment, which allows significantly reducing the intensity of odor and color of wastewater. As a result of the research conducted, the prospect of using probiotic preparations has been established

Microwave medical imaging using level set techniques

El cáncer de mama es una de las enfermedades que causan una mayor mortalidad entre las mujeres. Se estima que, sólo en Europa, una mujer es diagnosticada de esta enfermedad cada 2 minutos y medio, y que una muere cada 7 minutos y medio. Para su cura es fundamental la deteccin temprana de los pequeños tumores. Si éstos son detectados a tiempo, los tratamientos que existen hoy en da son mucho más efectivos. En consecuencia, es de fundamental disponer de tecnologías especializadas que puedan llevar a cabo esta tarea con seguridad y, al ser posible, a un costo bajo. La técnica de referencia hoy en día sigue siendo la mamografa, una imagen de rayos X de la mama comprimida. Sin embargo, éstas siguen teniendo inconvenientes bien conocidos: no detectan un 15 % de los tumores malignos, al mismo tiempo que el resultado de los falsos positivos es muy elevado (sólo un 13 % de las manchas encontradas resultan finalmente ser un tumor maligno). Además, exponen a las pacientes a radiación potencialmente peligrosa y el procedimiento es, a veces, poco confortable. Otras técnicas, como la resonancia magnética, dan buenos resultados pero son muy caros y no pueden utilizarse como medio de prevención a una escala general. Por ello, otras técnicas alternativas se están estudiando en la actualidad para el diagnóstico no invasivo de esta enfermedad. Entre ellas, destacan la tomografía de óptica difusa, la tomografía de impedancia eléctrica y las imágenes de microondas. En esta tesis se propone un algoritmo numérico especialmente diseñado para la detección y caracterización de pequeos tumores usando microondas. La idea consiste en iluminar la mama con radiación de frecuencias del orden de unos pocos GHz, y reconstruir las imágenes del interior a partir de las señales que se recogen en la superficie de la mama. La reconstrucción de estas imagenes supone la resolución de un problema inverso en donde se minimiza la diferencia de las señales medidas y las simuladas con el modelo de mama propuesto (que incluye el posible tumor). Para ello aplicamos técnicas novedosas de conjunto de nivel que permiten la representación implícita de las estructuras del interior de la mama, y suponen además una regularización implicita que estabiliza la resolución del problema inverso. Los resultados de nuestros experimentos numéricos demuestran que el algoritmo es capaz de localizar los tumores y reconstruir las distrubuciones de los parámetros dieléctricos dentro del mama de una manera eficiente. El algoritmo no sólo detecta el posible tumor y aproxima correctamente su tamaño, sino que además es capaz de caracterizar el tejido sano por su contenido en fibra y grasa y aproximar las propiedades dieléctricas del tumor, que pueden ser reflejo de su grado de malignidad

Recovering fluorophore location and orientation from lifetimes

In this paper, we study the possibility of using lifetime data to estimate the position and orientation of a fluorescent dipole source within a disordered medium. The vector Foldy-Lax equations are employed to calculate the interaction between the fluorescent source and the scatterers that are modeled as point-scatterers. The numerical experiments demonstrate that if good prior knowledge about the positions of the scatterers is available, the position and orientation of the dipole source can be retrieved from its lifetime data with precision. If there is uncertainty about the positions of the scatterers, the dipole source position can be estimated within the same level of uncertainty.Publicad

O Cluster Turístico como Fator de Crescimento Econômico Regional: Características Estruturais de um Agrupamento Regional

The cluster model is crucial for developing tourism. Such clusters enable the economic development of any region and the whole country and increase the competitiveness of the final product in the market and the production activities of enterprises included in the clusters. This is especially relevant for the tourism industry, which is a promising area of economic development. Therefore, it is significant to study the possibilities and experience of implementing the cluster model in further research. The study aims at determining and analyzing the main structural features of the regional tourism cluster. Based on an expert survey, the article determines and considers the main structural features of the regional tourism cluster as exemplified by the existing regional tourism clusters in Russia. It is concluded that the main structural feature of a regional tourism cluster is its structural connectivity which provides participants with an advantage over competitors acting separately.El modelo de cluster es crucial para el desarrollo del turismo. Estas agrupaciones permiten el desarrollo económico de cualquier región y de todo el país y aumentan la competitividad del producto final en el mercado y las actividades de producción de las empresas incluidas en las agrupaciones. Esto es especialmente relevante para la industria del turismo, que es un área prometedora de desarrollo económico. Por lo tanto, es significativo estudiar las posibilidades y la experiencia de la aplicación del modelo de cluster en la investigación posterior. El estudio pretende determinar y analizar las principales características estructurales del cluster turístico regional. Sobre la base de una encuesta de expertos, el artículo determina y considera las principales características estructurales del clúster turístico regional ejemplificadas por los clústeres turísticos regionales existentes en Rusia. Se concluye que la principal característica estructural de un cluster turístico regional es su conectividad estructural, que proporciona a los participantes una ventaja sobre los competidores que actúan por separado.O modelo de cluster é crucial para o desenvolvimento do turismo. Tais clusters permitem o desenvolvimento econômico de qualquer região e de todo o país e aumentam a competitividade do produto final no mercado e as atividades de produção das empresas incluídas nos clusters. Isto é especialmente relevante para a indústria do turismo, que é uma área promissora do desenvolvimento econômico. Por conseguinte, é significativo estudar as possibilidades e a experiência de implementação do modelo de clusters em investigação futura. O estudo visa determinar e analisar as principais características estruturais do cluster turístico regional. Com base num inquérito de peritos, o artigo determina e considera as principais características estruturais do cluster turístico regional, como exemplificado pelos clusters turísticos regionais existentes na Rússia. Conclui-se que a principal característica estrutural de um aglomerado turístico regional é a sua conectividade estrutural que proporciona aos participantes uma vantagem sobre os concorrentes agindo separadamente

Formação de Pessoal na Indústria de Hospitalidade

The authors aim to substantiate approaches to staff training in the hospitality industry. It is assumed that the management of the processes of prospecting, recruiting and hiring personnel, is the key to a company's success in the market of such a promising area such as the hotel industry. We identified that the personnel system of the hotel business in the Russian Federation is still in formation and requires significant efforts to coordinate the quantitative and qualitative levels of training of new specialists with the needs of hotel companies. It is evidenced in this study that the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the operation and personnel of the hotel industry, which will allow to determine the paths of development of the industry and make the transition to a higher level of development. It is found, therefore, that the most important task in solving the existing problems, in Human Resource Management in the tourism sector currently in Russia, is the search for new approaches to recruitment based on a modern concept of recruitment from contemporary management in modern enterprises.Los autores tratan de fundamentar los enfoques de la formación del personal en el sector de la hostelería. Se supone que la gestión de los procesos de prospección, reclutamiento y contratación de personal, es la clave del éxito de una empresa en el mercado de un área tan prometedora como la industria hotelera. Identificamos que el sistema de personal de la hostelería en la Federación Rusa está todavía en formación y requiere esfuerzos importantes para coordinar los niveles cuantitativos y cualitativos de la formación de nuevos especialistas con las necesidades de las empresas hoteleras. Se pone de manifiesto en este estudio que el análisis detallado de las características del funcionamiento y del personal de la industria hotelera, que permitirá determinar las vías de desarrollo de la industria y hacer la transición a un mayor nivel de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, se constata que la tarea más importante en la solución de los problemas existentes, en la Gestión de Recursos Humanos en el segor turístico actualmente en Rusia, es la búsqueda de nuevos enfoques de contratación basados en un concepto justificado de gestión de la contratación en las empresas modernas de la industria hotelera.Os autores procuram substanciar as abordagens à formação de pessoal na indústria hoteleira. Parte-se do princípio de que a gestão dos processos de prospecção, recrutamento e contratação de pessoal, é a chave para o sucesso de uma empresa no mercado de uma área tão promissora como a indústria hoteleira. Identificamos que o sistema de pessoal do negócio hoteleiro na Federação Russa ainda está em formação e requer esforços significativos para coordenar os níveis quantitativos e qualitativos de formação de novos especialistas com as necessidades das empresas hoteleiras. Evidencia-se neste estudo que a análise detalhada das características do funcionamento e do pessoal da indústria hoteleira, que permitirá determinar as vias de desenvolvimento da indústria e fazer a transição para um nível superior de desenvolvimento. Verifica-se, portanto, que a tarefa mais importante na resolução dos problemas existentes, na Gestão de Recursos Humanos no segor de turismo atualmente na Rússia, é a procura de novas abordagens de recrutamento baseadas num conceito moderno de gestão de recrutamento nas empresas contemporâneas

Human rights protection on the internet in Russia and abroad

The article focuses on the analysis of legal protection of personal, political, labor, educational and other rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens on the Internet, as there are generally recognized problems related to their violation by individuals or various organizations.The authors analyze how citizens’ rights, such as the right of access to the Internet (the right to the internet connection, the right to IT neutrality, the right to availability of internet service, the right to comfortable usage of internet services, the right not to be disconnected) the right to digital identity (the possibility to manage internet data of private persons), the right to anonymity (the possibility of carrying out certain actions under a false name without revealing personal data that would allow the person to be identified), the right to discard unwanted information (to protect oneself against spam), the right to be forgotten, right to safe internet use, both in the technological as well in the contextual meaming, are declared and implemented on the Internet