Game-assisted E-Learning in der Umweltbildung

Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die Frage, inwiefern aus lern- und spieltheoretischen sowie mediendidaktischen Überlegungen eine spielerische Lernumgebung, in welcher zentrale Aspekte der Umweltbildung vermittelt werden, gestaltet werden kann. Dabei werden neben einer theoretischen Verortung des Themas „Lernen und Computerspiele“ die Relevanz der Umweltbildung und die Gestaltungselemente digitaler Lernspiele erörtert. Ausgehend von diesen theoretischen Überlegungen werden mediendidaktische Überlegungen mit dem Thema der Umweltbildung verknüpft und eine konkrete Lernumgebung und ein Lernspiel entworfen. Um zu überprüfen, welche Erfahrungen typische Nutzer und Nutzerinnen des Game-assisted E-Learning-Szenarios „Erneuerbare Energie, wie geht das?“ machen, wurde eine qualitative Erhebung durchgeführt und durch Fokusinterviews untersucht, welche Erfahrungen und Eindrücke bei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema der Umweltbildung im Lernspiel entstanden sind. Darüber hinaus wird erörtert, inwiefern durch das Spiel die Lernbereitschaft der Spielenden angeregt wird und welche zielgruppenrelevanten Änderungsvorschläge und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von diesen empfohlen werden. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde einerseits eine Rekonstruktion der gegenständlichen Diskursstränge hinsichtlich des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zu Game-Based-Learning in Hinblick auf den Einsatz in der Erwachsenenbildung vorgenommen, andererseits wurden Gestaltungselemente für digitale Lernspiele beschrieben. Letztere wurden als Basis für die Umsetzung des Lernspieles „Mission: Energieautarke Gemeinde“ herangezogen.This dissertation focuses on examining how a playful learning environment conveying central aspects of environmental education can be designed based on principles of learning and play theory and of media didactics. For this purpose, the topic “learning and computer games” is placed in a theoretical context, and the relevance of environmental education and the design elements of digital learning games are discussed. Based on these theoretical considerations, a media-didactical approach is paired with the topic of environmental education to design a concrete learning environment and learning game. A qualitative survey was conducted to investigate what experiences typical users make when interacting with the game-assisted e-learning scenario “Renewable Energy, How Does It Work?”. Using focused interviews it was examined what experiences and impressions the users gained from dealing with the topic of environmental education in this learning game. In addition, it is discussed in how far the game stimulates the players’ willingness to learn and what changes and possible applications they recommend for their target group. For this purpose, a critical reconstruction of the existing strands of discourse regarding the current state of research on game-based learning concerning its application in adult education was undertaken and the design elements for digital learning games were described. The latter was used as a basis for the implementation of the learning game “Mission: Energy Self-Sufficient Community”. In a subsequent qualitative study focused interviews were conducted to analyse gaming behaviour and acceptance. The criteria for the selection of the interviewees were based on the preconception of the interviewees in relation to renewable energy. The interviewees were chosen from a group of representatives of the target group of the game typical for the object of investigation

Rationality of Darmon Points Over Genus Fields of Nonmaximal Orders

Stark-Heegner points, also known as Darmon points, were introduced by H. Darmon in [11], as certain local points on rational elliptic curves, conjecturally defined over abelian extensions of real quadratic fields. The rationality conjecture for these points is only known in the unramified case, namely, when these points are specializations of global points defined over the strict Hilbert class field H+ F of the real quadratic field F and twisted by (unramified) quadratic characters of Gal(H+ F /F). We extend these results to the situation of ramified quadratic characters; we show that Darmon points of conductor c ≥ 1 twisted by quadratic characters of G+ c =Gal(H+ c /F), where H+ c is the strict ring class field of F of conductor c, come from rational points on the elliptic curve defined over H+ c

Monochroromatic Smith-Purcell in "pre-wave" zone

In the present paper were described effects of pre-wave zone of Smith-Purcell radiation generated moving electron beams parallel to the conductive target. Formulas for the calculation of the SPR spectrum from flat target with strips, which located in the same plane, are presented. Spectra were computed according these formulas with different values of distance to the detector are presented

The emergence of a self-catalysing structure in abstract origin-of-life models

We formalize a class of abstract and simple biochemical models that have been proposed for understanding the origin of life. We then analyse conditions under which 'life-like' substructures will tend to arise in such models

Bactericidal Activity of N-Chlorotaurine against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria Grown on Metal Disks

Many orthopedic surgeons consider surgical irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention as a treatment option for postoperative infections. Usually, saline solution with no added antimicrobial agent is used for irrigation. We investigated the activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT) against various biofilm-forming bacteria in vitro and thereby gained significant information on its usability as a soluble and well-tolerated active chlorine compound in orthopedic surgery. Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus were grown on metal alloy disks and in polystyrene dishes for 48 h. Subsequently, they were incubated for 15 min to 7 h in buffered solutions containing therapeutically applicable concentrations of NCT (1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%; 5.5 to 55 mM) at 37°C. NCT inactivated the biofilm in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disturbance of the biofilm architecture by rupture of the extracellular matrix. Assays with reduction of carboxanilide (XTT) showed inhibition of the metabolism of the bacteria in biofilms. Quantitative cultures confirmed killing of S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on metal alloy disks by NCT. Clinical isolates were slightly more resistant than ATCC type strains, but counts of CFU were reduced at least 10-fold by 1% NCT within 15 min in all cases. NCT showed microbicidal activity against various bacterial strains in biofilms. Whether this can be transferred to the clinical situation should be the aim of future studies