Experimental results on mass-thickness distribution in spacecraft equipment

A technique is described for evaluating the shielding properties of spacecraft equipment with respect to cosmic radiation. A gamma-ray source is used in conjunction with a scintillation detector to determine mass-thickness distribution both in plane geometry for equipment units, and in spherical geometry for given points within the spacecraft. Equations are presented for calculating mass-thickness distribution functions, and the results are compared with experimental measurements

Evidence of micro-continent entrainment during crustal accretion

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Forms of work organization and associations with shoulder disorders: Results from a French working population

The aim of this study was to identify forms of work organization in a French region and to study associations with the occurrence of symptomatic and clinically diagnosed shoulder disorders in workers. Workers were randomly included in this cross-sectional study from 2002 to 2005. Sixteen organizational variables were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire: i.e. shift work, job rotation, repetitiveness of tasks, paced work/automatic rate, work pace dependent on quantified targets, permanent controls or surveillance, colleagues\u27 work and customer demand, and eight variables measuring decision latitude. Five forms of work organization were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of variables and HCA of workers: low decision latitude with pace constraints, medium decision latitude with pace constraints, low decision latitude with low pace constraints, high decision latitude with pace constraints and high decision latitude with low pace constraints. There were significant associations between forms of work organization and symptomatic and clinically-diagnosed shoulder disorders

Création d’un score d’évaluation du risque de symptômes musculo-squelettiques basé sur des facteurs professionnels

Objectif L’objectif de ce travail est la création d’un score d’évaluation du risque de symptômes musculo-squelettiques (SMS) chroniques des membres supérieurs, uniquement basé sur des données d’exposition professionnelle aux déterminants biomécaniques, psychosociaux et organisationnels. Ce score ne prenant pas en compte les facteurs individuels, permettra de classer les situations de travail devant bénéficier d’une action de prévention. Méthodes L’échantillon d’étude était constitué de 1749 salariés recrutés lors de la phase d’inclusion de la cohorte des salariés ligériens (COSALI). Les facteurs organisationnels, biomécaniques et psychosociaux et les variables associées aux SMS chroniques ont été recueillis par auto-questionnaire. Un score a été créé selon trois méthodes statistiques : une régression logistique binaire, une analyse en clusters suivie d’une analyse par arbre de décision et une modélisation par classes latentes. Chacune de ces méthodes est susceptible d’entraîner la création de scores différents. Résultats L’area under the curve (AUC) obtenu par la régression logistique était de 0,75 contre 0,66 pour l’analyse en clusters et 0,65 pour l’analyse en classes latentes. La régression logistique a donc été retenue pour la création du score. Les facteurs associés aux SMS chroniques des membres supérieurs étaient l’intensité élevée des efforts physiques ressentie (échelle RPE de Borg), la répétitivité des gestes plus de 4 h/j, la flexion du coude plus de 2 h/j, l’utilisation de la pince pouce-index plus de 4 h/j, la possibilité d’influencer le déroulement de son travail et l’aide des collègues. Le score a ensuite été créé à partir des paramètres estimés de la régression logistique, il s’étend de −1 à 15. Par exemple, 66 % de l’échantillon a un score supérieur ou égal à deux. Pour ce seuil, la valeur prédictive négative est de 93,4 %. Conclusions Selon le seuil choisi, le score aboutit à une forte valeur prédictive négative. Il pourrait constituer un outil utile aux préventeurs en entreprise afin de cibler l’effectif pour lequel il n’est pas indispensable de mettre en place des actions de prévention. Néanmoins ce score ne permet pas de prédire avec confiance les salariés qui seront atteints de SMS. Pour avoir un score plus performant, il faudrait intégrer des facteurs individuels tels que l’âge et le sexe, mais la caractérisation par situation de travail n’est alors plus envisageable

Evidence for Electron Energization Accompanying Spontaneous Formation of Ion Acceleration Regions in Expanding Plasmas

We report experiments conducted in an expanding argon plasma generated in the inductive mode of a helicon source in the Hot hELIcon eXperiment–Large Experiment on Instabilities and Anisotropies facility. As the neutral gas pressure increases, the supersonic ion acceleration weakens. Increasing neutral pressure also alters the radial profile of electron temperature, density, and plasma potential upstream of the plasma expansion region. Langmuir probe measurements of the electron energy probability function (EEPF) show that heating of electrons at the plasma edge by RF fields diminishes with increasing gas pressure, yielding a plasma with a centrally peaked electron temperature, and flat potential profiles at higher neutral pressures. For neutral pressures at which ion acceleration regions develop in the expanding plasma plume, EEPFs reveal electrons with two temperature components

Evolution of psychosocial factors at work in a French region

Background : Psychosocial factors at work (PFW) can be defined as all non-physicochemical occupational risks. Several epidemiological models have been proposed to measure PFW, but one of the most widely used is Karasek’s model. Aims : To determine whether psychosocial factors, evaluated by Karasek’s questionnaire, had increased in a cohort of workers. Methods : A random sample of workers in the Pays de la Loire region of France, who could be considered representative of the region’s population of salaried workers, filled in a self-administered questionnaire, including Karasek’s self-administered questionnaire, in 2002–05 and 2007–09. Karasek’s questionnaire can be used to study three psychosocial dimensions (psychological demand, decision latitude and social support in the workplace) in workers in order to define two high-risk situations for their health: ‘Job Strain’ and ‘Iso Strain’. Changes in job strain and iso strain among workers were studied according to the workers’ sociodemographic characteristics and their working conditions. Results : In this sample of 2049 workers, the proportion with iso strain increased between the two periods from 12 to 16%, P < 0.001, mainly among manual workers. Deterioration of Karasek indicators was mainly explained by an increase of the ‘low social support’ dimension (38 versus 49%, P < 0.001). Working conditions such as temporary employment of colleagues and high perceived physical exertion were associated with higher PFW. Conclusions : This study, based on a quantitative and collective model, showed deterioration of working team environments and increased risk for individual mental health in this cohort of French workers in recent years

apeNEXT: A multi-TFlops Computer for Simulations in Lattice Gauge Theory

We present the APE (Array Processor Experiment) project for the development of dedicated parallel computers for numerical simulations in lattice gauge theories. While APEmille is a production machine in today's physics simulations at various sites in Europe, a new machine, apeNEXT, is currently being developed to provide multi-Tflops computing performance. Like previous APE machines, the new supercomputer is largely custom designed and specifically optimized for simulations of Lattice QCD.Comment: Poster at the XXIII Physics in Collisions Conference (PIC03), Zeuthen, Germany, June 2003, 3 pages, Latex. PSN FRAP15. Replaced for adding forgotten autho