13 research outputs found

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

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    Acta de congresoLa conmemoraciĂłn de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentĂł como una ocasiĂłn propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teorĂ­a y la crĂ­tica en la formaciĂłn y en la prĂĄctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyĂł un espacio de intercambio y reflexiĂłn cuya realizaciĂłn ha sido posible gracias a la colaboraciĂłn entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad CatĂłlica de CĂłrdoba, contando ademĂĄs con la activa participaciĂłn de mayorĂ­a de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del paĂ­s y la regiĂłn. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promoviĂł el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temĂĄticas de carĂĄcter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentaciĂłn de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ĂĄmbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de CĂłrdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigaciĂłn y la formaciĂłn en historia, teorĂ­a y crĂ­tica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumĂĄndose el aporte realizado a travĂ©s de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa AgĂŒero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibiĂł el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la SecretarĂ­a de InvestigaciĂłn y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como asĂ­ tambiĂ©n de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

    SelecciĂłn y aplicaciĂłn de bacterias marinas nativas con capacidad degradadora de compuestos orgĂĄnicos persistentes (COP) en el Pacifico y el Caribe colombiano :

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    IP 2105-09-13524PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO : Aislamiento y caracterizacion debacterias tolerantes a compuestos organicos;persistentes (COPs) presentes en los sedimentos marinos del Caribe y el Pacifico Colombiano / Martha Liliana;Gomez Garcia...[et al]. -- En: II simposio internacional de manejo de ecosistemas costeros (2005 jul : 8 - 18;La Habana, Cuba). -- La Habana, 2005. -- 29 cm. -- Biodiversidadmarina deColombia / Martha Liliana Gomez;Garcia. -- En: curso taller : Bioseguridad para el sectorambiental (2004nov: 26 y 26). -- 29 cm

    NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

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    Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

    NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

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    Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

    Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

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    Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. Resumen: Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas mĂĄs diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su funcionamiento es crĂ­tico para nuestro futuro colectivo. Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las agencias de financiamiento. AquĂ­ mostramos cĂłmo una comunidad global estĂĄ respondiendo a los desafĂ­os de la investigaciĂłn en ecosistemas tropicales a travĂ©s de diversos equipos realizando mediciones ĂĄrbol por ĂĄrbol en miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los descubrimientos mĂĄs importantes de este trabajo y discutimos cĂłmo este proceso estĂĄ cambiando la ciencia relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexiĂłn de iniciativas locales de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a mĂșltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales, elevando su posiciĂłn y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red Social de InvestigaciĂłn reconoce el rol fundamental que tienen, para el descubrimiento cientĂ­fico, quienes generan o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR (SuramĂ©rica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiĂĄtico (T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente todas estas iniciativas estĂĄn integradas a travĂ©s de la ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 paĂ­ses en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas. Colectivamente, estas redes estĂĄn transformando nuestro conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de Ă©stos en la biĂłsfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cĂłmo, dĂłnde y porquĂ© el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales estĂĄ respondiendo al cambio climĂĄtico y cĂłmo se retroalimentan. Esta colaboraciĂłn pan-tropical de largo plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus tendencias, mostrando claramente cuĂĄles son los factores mĂĄs importantes, quĂ© procesos se ven afectados, dĂłnde ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacciĂłn y las probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continĂșa cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnologĂ­a antigua, las redes de parcelas estĂĄn generando una verdadera y moderna revoluciĂłn en la ciencia tropical. En el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base, actualmente con la capacidad de generar informaciĂłn Ășnica y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los bosques mĂĄs preciados de la tierra. Resumo: Florestas tropicais sĂŁo os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da Terra. Embora uma boa compreensĂŁo destas florestas seja crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, atĂ© muito recentemente os esforços de mediçÔes e monitoramento tem sido amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes para obtermos respostas que transcendam as fronteiras e horizontes das agĂȘncias financiadoras. Neste estudo nĂłs mostramos como uma comunidade global estĂĄ respondendo aos desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes diversas medindo florestas, ĂĄrvore por ĂĄrvore, em milhares de parcelas monitoradas a longo prazo. NĂłs revisamos as maiores descobertas cientĂ­ficas deste esforço global, e mostramos tambĂ©m como este processo vem mudando a ciĂȘncia de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em grandes escalas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social reconhece o papel chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta cientĂ­fica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (AmĂ©rica do Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste AsiĂĄtico (T-FORCES), e tem sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas mĂșltiplas iniciativas estĂŁo integradas atravĂ©s da infraestrutura cibernĂ©tica do ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 paĂ­ses e 24 redes de parcelas. Estas iniciativas estĂŁo transformando coletivamente o entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papĂ©is na biosfera. Juntos nĂłs descobrimos como, onde e por que o carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estĂŁo respondendo Ă s mudanças climĂĄticas, e seus efeitos de retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas tendĂȘncias, assim como tem evidenciado quais os fatores que influenciam essas tendĂȘncias, quais processos florestais sĂŁo mais afetados, onde eles estĂŁo mudando, seus atrasos no tempo de resposta, e as provĂĄveis respostas das florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa forma, aproveitando uma notĂĄvel tecnologia antiga, redes de parcelas acendem as faĂ­scas de uma moderna revolução na ciĂȘncia das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades locais que agora sĂŁo coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos Ășnicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da Terra. RĂ©sume: Les forĂȘts tropicales sont les Ă©cosystĂšmes les plus diversifiĂ©s et les plus productifs de la planĂšte. Si une meilleure comprĂ©hension de ces forĂȘts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, jusqu'Ă  tout rĂ©cemment, les efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s pour les mesurer et les surveiller ont Ă©tĂ© largement dĂ©connectĂ©s. La mise en rĂ©seau est essentielle pour dĂ©couvrir les rĂ©ponses Ă  des questions qui dĂ©passent les frontiĂšres et les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons ici comment une communautĂ© mondiale relĂšve les dĂ©fis de la recherche sur les Ă©cosystĂšmes tropicaux avec diverses Ă©quipes qui mesurent les forĂȘts arbre aprĂšs arbre dans de milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les principales dĂ©couvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forĂȘts tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste Ă  relier les initiatives de base Ă  long terme Ă  des protocoles standardisĂ©s et une gestion de donnĂ©es afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des rĂ©sultats solides Ă  grande Ă©chelle. En reliant les chercheurs tropicaux et en Ă©levant leur statut, notre modĂšle de rĂ©seau de recherche sociale reconnaĂźt le rĂŽle clĂ© de l'auteur des donnĂ©es dans la dĂ©couverte scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (AmĂ©rique du Sud), nos rĂ©seaux de parcelles permanentes ont Ă©tĂ© adaptĂ©s Ă  l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et Ă  l'Asie du Sud-Est (T-FORCES) et largement imitĂ©s dans le monde entier. Ces multiples initiatives sont dĂ©sormais intĂ©grĂ©es via l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collĂšgues de 54 pays Ă  travers 24 rĂ©seaux de parcelles. Ensemble, elles transforment la comprĂ©hension des forĂȘts tropicales et de leur rĂŽle biosphĂ©rique. Ensemble, nous avons dĂ©couvert comment, oĂč et pourquoi le carbone forestier et la biodiversitĂ© rĂ©agissent au changement climatique, et comment ils y rĂ©agissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale Ă  long terme a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un important puits de carbone Ă  long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en Ă©vidence les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers qui sont affectĂ©s, les endroits oĂč ils changent, les dĂ©calages et les rĂ©actions futures probables des forĂȘts tropicales Ă  mesure que le climat continue de changer. En tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les rĂ©seaux de parcelles dĂ©clenchent une rĂ©volution trĂšs moderne dans la science des forĂȘts tropicales. À l'avenir, l'humanitĂ© pourra grandement bĂ©nĂ©ficier du soutien des communautĂ©s de base qui sont maintenant collectivement capables de gĂ©nĂ©rer une comprĂ©hension unique et Ă  long terme des forĂȘts les plus prĂ©cieuses de la Terre. Abstrak: Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di dunia

    Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

    No full text
    Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. Resumen: Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas mĂĄs diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su funcionamiento es crĂ­tico para nuestro futuro colectivo. Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las agencias de financiamiento. AquĂ­ mostramos cĂłmo una comunidad global estĂĄ respondiendo a los desafĂ­os de la investigaciĂłn en ecosistemas tropicales a travĂ©s de diversos equipos realizando mediciones ĂĄrbol por ĂĄrbol en miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los descubrimientos mĂĄs importantes de este trabajo y discutimos cĂłmo este proceso estĂĄ cambiando la ciencia relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexiĂłn de iniciativas locales de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a mĂșltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales, elevando su posiciĂłn y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red Social de InvestigaciĂłn reconoce el rol fundamental que tienen, para el descubrimiento cientĂ­fico, quienes generan o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR (SuramĂ©rica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiĂĄtico (T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente todas estas iniciativas estĂĄn integradas a travĂ©s de la ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 paĂ­ses en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas. Colectivamente, estas redes estĂĄn transformando nuestro conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de Ă©stos en la biĂłsfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cĂłmo, dĂłnde y porquĂ© el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales estĂĄ respondiendo al cambio climĂĄtico y cĂłmo se retroalimentan. Esta colaboraciĂłn pan-tropical de largo plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus tendencias, mostrando claramente cuĂĄles son los factores mĂĄs importantes, quĂ© procesos se ven afectados, dĂłnde ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacciĂłn y las probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continĂșa cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnologĂ­a antigua, las redes de parcelas estĂĄn generando una verdadera y moderna revoluciĂłn en la ciencia tropical. En el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base, actualmente con la capacidad de generar informaciĂłn Ășnica y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los bosques mĂĄs preciados de la tierra. Resumo: Florestas tropicais sĂŁo os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da Terra. Embora uma boa compreensĂŁo destas florestas seja crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, atĂ© muito recentemente os esforços de mediçÔes e monitoramento tem sido amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes para obtermos respostas que transcendam as fronteiras e horizontes das agĂȘncias financiadoras. Neste estudo nĂłs mostramos como uma comunidade global estĂĄ respondendo aos desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes diversas medindo florestas, ĂĄrvore por ĂĄrvore, em milhares de parcelas monitoradas a longo prazo. NĂłs revisamos as maiores descobertas cientĂ­ficas deste esforço global, e mostramos tambĂ©m como este processo vem mudando a ciĂȘncia de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em grandes escalas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social reconhece o papel chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta cientĂ­fica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (AmĂ©rica do Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste AsiĂĄtico (T-FORCES), e tem sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas mĂșltiplas iniciativas estĂŁo integradas atravĂ©s da infraestrutura cibernĂ©tica do ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 paĂ­ses e 24 redes de parcelas. Estas iniciativas estĂŁo transformando coletivamente o entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papĂ©is na biosfera. Juntos nĂłs descobrimos como, onde e por que o carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estĂŁo respondendo Ă s mudanças climĂĄticas, e seus efeitos de retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas tendĂȘncias, assim como tem evidenciado quais os fatores que influenciam essas tendĂȘncias, quais processos florestais sĂŁo mais afetados, onde eles estĂŁo mudando, seus atrasos no tempo de resposta, e as provĂĄveis respostas das florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa forma, aproveitando uma notĂĄvel tecnologia antiga, redes de parcelas acendem as faĂ­scas de uma moderna revolução na ciĂȘncia das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades locais que agora sĂŁo coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos Ășnicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da Terra. RĂ©sume: Les forĂȘts tropicales sont les Ă©cosystĂšmes les plus diversifiĂ©s et les plus productifs de la planĂšte. Si une meilleure comprĂ©hension de ces forĂȘts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, jusqu'Ă  tout rĂ©cemment, les efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s pour les mesurer et les surveiller ont Ă©tĂ© largement dĂ©connectĂ©s. La mise en rĂ©seau est essentielle pour dĂ©couvrir les rĂ©ponses Ă  des questions qui dĂ©passent les frontiĂšres et les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons ici comment une communautĂ© mondiale relĂšve les dĂ©fis de la recherche sur les Ă©cosystĂšmes tropicaux avec diverses Ă©quipes qui mesurent les forĂȘts arbre aprĂšs arbre dans de milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les principales dĂ©couvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forĂȘts tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste Ă  relier les initiatives de base Ă  long terme Ă  des protocoles standardisĂ©s et une gestion de donnĂ©es afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des rĂ©sultats solides Ă  grande Ă©chelle. En reliant les chercheurs tropicaux et en Ă©levant leur statut, notre modĂšle de rĂ©seau de recherche sociale reconnaĂźt le rĂŽle clĂ© de l'auteur des donnĂ©es dans la dĂ©couverte scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (AmĂ©rique du Sud), nos rĂ©seaux de parcelles permanentes ont Ă©tĂ© adaptĂ©s Ă  l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et Ă  l'Asie du Sud-Est (T-FORCES) et largement imitĂ©s dans le monde entier. Ces multiples initiatives sont dĂ©sormais intĂ©grĂ©es via l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collĂšgues de 54 pays Ă  travers 24 rĂ©seaux de parcelles. Ensemble, elles transforment la comprĂ©hension des forĂȘts tropicales et de leur rĂŽle biosphĂ©rique. Ensemble, nous avons dĂ©couvert comment, oĂč et pourquoi le carbone forestier et la biodiversitĂ© rĂ©agissent au changement climatique, et comment ils y rĂ©agissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale Ă  long terme a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un important puits de carbone Ă  long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en Ă©vidence les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers qui sont affectĂ©s, les endroits oĂč ils changent, les dĂ©calages et les rĂ©actions futures probables des forĂȘts tropicales Ă  mesure que le climat continue de changer. En tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les rĂ©seaux de parcelles dĂ©clenchent une rĂ©volution trĂšs moderne dans la science des forĂȘts tropicales. À l'avenir, l'humanitĂ© pourra grandement bĂ©nĂ©ficier du soutien des communautĂ©s de base qui sont maintenant collectivement capables de gĂ©nĂ©rer une comprĂ©hension unique et Ă  long terme des forĂȘts les plus prĂ©cieuses de la Terre. Abstrak: Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di dunia

    Taking the pulse of Earth\u27s tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

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    Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth\u27s most precious forests

    Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab.

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    Background: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) provides an integrated measure of atherogenic risk. Whether apoB levels and apoB lowering hold incremental predictive information on residual risk after acute coronary syndrome beyond that provided by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is uncertain. Methods: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) compared the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite optimized statin therapy. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline apoB or apoB at 4 months and MACE were assessed in adjusted Cox proportional hazards and propensity score–matched models. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. In proportional hazards analysis in the placebo group, MACE incidence increased across increasing baseline apoB strata (3.2 [95% CI, 2.9–3.6], 4.0 [95% CI, 3.6–4.5], and 5.5 [95% CI, 5.0–6.1] events per 100 patient-years in strata 35–<50, and ≀35 mg/dL, respectively). Compared with propensity score–matched patients from the placebo group, treatment hazard ratios for alirocumab also decreased monotonically across achieved apoB strata. Achieved apoB was predictive of MACE after adjustment for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not vice versa. Conclusions: In patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins, MACE increased across baseline apoB strata. Alirocumab reduced MACE across all strata of baseline apoB, with larger absolute reductions in patients with higher baseline levels. Lower achieved apoB was associated with lower risk of MACE, even after accounting for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, indicating that apoB provides incremental information. Achievement of apoB levels as low as ≀35 mg/dL may reduce lipoprotein-attributable residual risk after acute coronary syndrome. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01663402.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01663402.URL: https://www
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