Monitoring the Content of Nitrates in Vegetables and the Influence of the Pickling Technology on the Denitrification Process

The aim of the work was to determine the concentration of nitrites in vegetable products (tomatoes, cucumbers, white cabbage, table beet, carrot, potatoes, onion and green onion, lettuce, spinach and parsley), realized at markets of the cities Ternopil, Kamianets-Podilskyi and Chernivtsi (Ukraine), to separate the distribution of nitrates in vegetables and also to study the influence of lactic microflora on the nitrate content at pickling tomatoes. It was established, that vegetables with the maximum exceed of maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by the nitrate content up to 1,6 times for products of closed soil are realized at markets. For open soil MPC exceed was in average 2,1 times. It was revealed, that most realized samples of tomatoes and leaf salad vegetables have the over-normative exceed of nitrates up to 35 %, and onion – the least one – 20 %. It was established, that nitrates accumulate in different parts of a fruit. In cucumbers, carrot, potato and table beet, the least quantity of nitrates accumulate in the external part of vegetables (near the surface), and the most one – in the central part. At the same time in cabbage and tomatoes, on the contrary, the least quantity – in the central part, the most one – in the area near the base of vegetables (stump). It was established, that at pickling tomatoes with the nitrate content within MPC lactic fermentation takes place with the intensive growth of titrated acidity, the decrease of the nitrate content takes place at this process. Under conditions of pickling tomatoes with the nitrate content two times more than MPC, the pickling process is a bit decelerated, but the nitrate content decreases to the safe level in a finished product. It was established, that vegetables with the nitrates quantity within 1500 mg/kg and more cannot be used in the pickling technology because of the bacteriological influence of nitrates on lactic microflora. Vegetables with such nitrate content must be obligatory condemned

Thermodynamically self-consistent non-stochastic micromagnetic model for the ferromagnetic state

In this work, a self-consistent thermodynamic approach to micromagnetism is presented. The magnetic degrees of freedom are modeled using the Landau-Lifshitz-Baryakhtar theory, that separates the different contributions to the magnetic damping, and thereby allows them to be coupled to the electron and phonon systems in a self-consistent way. We show that this model can quantitatively reproduce ultrafast magnetization dynamics in Nickel.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Automated system of freight traffic optimisation in the interaction of various modes of transport

Advances in information technology have contributed to increased transport efficiency. The use of the latest information technologies allows automating all the information technology activities of transport enterprises that take part in the processes of organising freight traffic. Automation of transport logistics provides increased efficiency and optimisation of transportation. Due to the introduction of automated routing, accounting and planning systems at transport enterprises, transport logistics is reaching a new level. The purpose of the study is to develop an automated control system for the operation of the production and transport complex, based on the use of the latest information technology – Embarcadero RAD Studio XE10 visual programming system. It will help to optimise the transportation of mineral construction materials using the road, railway, and water modes of transport, the change of which occurs at the goods transshipment points. To solve this problem, a mathematical economic model and an automated control system for the operation of the production and transport complex have been developed. The proposed method would take into account the technical and technological capabilities of land and water modes of transport and the capacity of transshipment points, at which the cost of transporting goods will be minimal. Using the software package, the base for the transportation of mineral construction materials was calculated. The obtained initial transportation plan for each type of delivery was optimised, taking into account the production capacities of manufacturers and the needs of customers. The results of the optimal distribution of goods between different modes of transport are given (taking into account their production capacities), their change takes place in transshipment points. The results obtained allow optimal use of the technical and technological capabilities of vehicles and handling mechanisms. Based on the mathematical economic model, an automated control system for the operation of the production and transport complex has been developed, it has the form of a software package. The calculation of the initial (reference) freight traffic plan was carried out and the optimisation of the initial plan for these transportations was performed for each of the delivery options. The operability of the developed software package has been confirmed experimentally, which gives reason to offer it for the use in industrial production associated with the movement of sizable freight traffic

Research of Rational Concentration of Oilseed Crops Meals in the Sandy Dough Semi-finished Product

The work studies the rational concentration of meals of soya, sunflower and milk thistle in a sandy dough semi-product for improving healthy properties of ready products (biological value, stomach peristalsis, metabolism, saturation with vitamins and mineral substances). Analytic studies were conducted and advantages of using meals in dough products were determined. The chemical composition of meals was determined, and the optimal composition for satisfying the human need that is in ratio 3:4:3 was calculated. The quality of meals was estimated, and their organoleptic parameters were analyzed. The sensor analysis of sandy semi-products of oilseed crops meals was realized. It was established, that adding of the meal composition instead of flour in amount 20 % is an optimal solution for using in a sandy dough semi-product.There was established the influence of meals of oilseed crops on organoleptic parameters of developed sandy semi-products. Advantages and defects of using the aforesaid meals were established. Ways of improving the outlook and consistence of shortcakes were offered. Ways of further studies were established

Study of interconnection of financial and tax accounting of profit in Russia and abroad

The article analyses the degree of interconnection of financial and tax accounting of profit in Russia and some foreign countries – USA, France and Germany. The legal principle – common law or unified law – is taken as a criterion. The article shows that existence of the system of tax accounting by one tax (organisation profit tax) separately from the financial accounting in Russia from 2002 is not rational. At present Russia actively develops a variant of making financial accounting and tax accounting closer without a principal reconstruction of norms of tax legislation. Low level of interconnection of tax accounting and financial accounting is characteristic for the USA, which is one of the founders of the British-American (British-American-Dutch in interpretation of some authors) accounting model. The level of interconnection of norms of financial and tax accounting is rather high in France and Germany and the taxation policy of the theoretical base of the accounting system, which allows speaking about the French-German accounting model

Direct excitation of propagating spin waves by focused ultrashort optical pulses

An all-optical experiment long utilized to image phonons excited by ultrashort optical pulses has been applied to a magnetic sample. In addition to circular ripples due to surface acoustic waves, we observe an X-shaped pattern formed by propagating spin waves. The emission of spin waves from the optical pulse epicenter in the form of collimated beams is qualitatively reproduced by micromagnetic simulations. We explain the observed pattern in terms of the group velocity distribution of Damon-Eshbach magnetostatic spin waves in the reciprocal space and the wave vector spectrum of the focused ultrafast laser pulse

Highly relativistic spinning particle in the Schwarzschild field: Circular and other orbits

The Mathisson-Papapetrou equations in the Schwarzschild background both at Mathisson-Pirani and Tulczyjew-Dixon supplementary condition are considered. The region of existence of highly relativistic circular orbits of a spinning particle in this background and dependence of the particle's orbital velocity on its spin and radial coordinate are investigated. It is shown that in contrast to the highly relativistic circular orbits of a spinless particle, which exist only for $r=1.5 r_g(1+\delta)$, $0<\delta \ll 1$, the corresponding orbits of a spinning particle are allowed in a wider space region, and the dimension of this region significantly depends on the supplementary condition. At the Mathisson-Pirani condition new numerical results which describe some typical cases of non-circular highly relativistic orbits of a spinning particle starting from $r>1.5 r_g$ are presented.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Влияние ионной бомбардировки на процессы азотирования при комплексной модификации поверхности стали

Ионная бомбардировка поверхностей, модифицируемых с использованием вакуумно-дуговых технологий, является основным физическим процессом для таких модификаций. Эксперименты производились на установке типа «Булат». В работе по азотированию поверхностей массивных стальных деталей (ст. 25Х1МФ и 40Х) исследованы особенности использования в качестве бомбардирующих частиц ионов титана и молибдена, обладающих различным энергосодержанием. Этот этап ионной бомбардировки связан с очисткой поверхности и нагревом её до необходимой температуры. На этапе азотирования бомбардировку осуществляли ионами азота, генерированными в двухступенчатом разряде. Для диагностики изменений, происходящих на поверхности образцов и на расстоянии от неё вглубь металла, использовали рентгено-флуоресцентный масс-анализ и производили измерения твёрдости с помощью прибора Nanoindentor G200. Выполнены сравнительные измерения относительных концентраций элементов в составе поверхности стали после бомбардировок различными ионами (Ti или Мо), а также получены профили залегания внедрённого в металл азота и модифицированной твёрдости. Выявлены особенности в результатах азотирования стальной поверхности при использовании разных сортов ионов. Фотографии поперечных шлифов, полученных с помощью оптического металлографического микроскопа ММО 1600, продемонстрировали отличия в структурных характеристиках приповерхностных слоёв при бомбардировках ионами титана и молибдена. Эти отличия связаны с повышенной температурой в слоях при бомбардировке ионами молибдена. Целью настоящей работы является проведение сравнительных экспериментов по обработке стальных поверхностей ускоренными ионами разных металлов с последующим анализом влияния таких воздействий на процессы азотирования этих поверхностей