APBN DAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL

Perencanaan anggaran dalam sebuah Negara mutlak diperlukan sebagai instrument untuk mencapai stabilitasi suatu pemerintahan dalam jangka waktu tertentu, termasuk didalamnya Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Sedangkan pendapatan nasional sendiri memiliki cakupan yang lebih spesifik dari APBN itu sendiri dimana pendapatan nasional itu dihitung berdasarkan jumlah pendapatan yang diterima oleh seluruh Rumah Tangga Keluarga (RTK) di suatu Negara dari penyerahan faktor-faktor produksi dalam satu periode waktu tertentu (biasanya dihitung dalam jangka waktu satu tahun)

EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PENJUALAN MARHUN YANG BERUPA EMAS SECARA LELANG DI PEGADAIAN SYARIAH UPS JATI CIMAHI

Abstract: The sale of pawn goods (marhun) in sharia pawning is an agreement between rahin as the pawn receiver and murtahin as the pawn giver as outlined in the rahn contract where rahin authorizes murtahin to sell marhun if rahin is unable to pay off his debts, which later the proceeds from the sale of the marhun are used as repayment of Rahin's debt, taking into account Rahin's principal debt along with the ujrah that Rahin must pay. Sharia Pegadaian including UPS Jati Cimahi Sharia Pegadaian uses a closed auction method to sell marhun in the form of gold, both gold bars and gold jewelry owned by Rahin which are past due and unable to pay off their debts, the auction method carried out by Islamic Pawnshops is to use the auction method closed. This paper tries to examine how efficient and effective the method of selling marhun is carried out by UPS Jati Sharia Pawnshop within the scope of Sharia Economic Law.Keywords: Sharia Pawnshop, Auction, Pawn Good

Akomodasi Hukum Adat terhadap Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Perkara Wali Adlal untuk Mewujudkan Hakim yang Profesional

Pernikahan merupakan ibadah yang sangat dianjurkan dalam Islam dan mempunyai syarat dan rukun tertentu. Diantara rukun nikah yang disepakati oleh jumhur ulama adalah adanya wali nikah, yang mana artinya sebuah pernikahan tidaklah sah tanpa adanya seorang wali. Terkadang ada wali yang enggan (menolak) untuk menjadi wali nikah atas perkawinan seorang wanita yang berada dibawah perwaliannya yang biasa disebut dengan wali adlal. Perkara wali adlal merupakan salah satu perkara yang menjadi kewenangan Pengadilan Agama untuk menerima, memeriksa, mengadili dan menyelesaikannya berdasarkan hukum formil dan hukum materiil yang berlaku di lingkungan Peradilan Agama. Ada banyak faktor yang bisa dipertimbangkan oleh Hakim dalam menangani perkara wali adlal ini salah satunya faktor sosiologis. Akan tetapi dari sekian banyak perkara wali adlal yang ditangani, faktor sosiologis seringkali terlewat dari pertimbangan hakim, sehingga dalam hal ini penulis mencoba membahas mengenai hal tersebut

Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Pengelolaan dan Pelayanan Unit Bisnis Wahdah Islamiyah

This study aims to: (1) analyze the implementation of the concept of Islamic business ethics in the service of Wahdah Islamiyah business units; and (2) analyzing the use of the concept of Islamic business ethics in the service of Wahdah Islamiyah business units. This research is a field research (field research) using qualitative methods that are carried out in a descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: first, all informants (100%) answered that the principles/ethics of monotheism had been applied/practiced, the majority of informants (61.5%) answered that the principles or ethics of justice had been applied/practiced, as many as 42.3% of informants chose very appropriate and 42.3% of informants chose appropriate regarding the application/practice of the principles/ethics of trustworthiness, and as many as 19 people or 73.1% of informants chose very appropriate regarding the application/practice of the principles/ethics of virtue and honesty; second, the Islamic business principles/ethics that have been implemented provide great benefits and uses for the management and service of business units within Wahdah Islamiyah, where the implementation of the principles/ethics of monotheism is believed to bring blessings, the implementation of the principles/ethics of justice is believed to create a work environment that is fair, inclusive, dignified, and in accordance with Islamic law, the implementation of the principles/ethics of trustworthiness is believed to be able to increase the trust of customers and other parties, and the implementation of the principles/ethics of virtue/honesty is believed to be able to improve and provide excellent service to all parties

The Impact of Business Ecosystem and Lifecycle on Start-up Creation Process – A Case Study of Indonesian Software Technology Start-ups

Establishing start-ups with a higher level of maturity requires a higher level of techniques, methods, and tools. However, presently established start-ups still encounter difficulties in determining how to quantify their performance and resilience with knowledge of the start-up development process. This study intends to investigate and evaluate the features of the start-up ecosystem throughout its existence. It employed an in-depth case study through interviews and observations to better understand the start-up ecosystem and lifecycle of Indonesian software technology start-up companies. This study utilized a qualitative approach based on multiple explanatory case studies. By providing a conceptual understanding of eight fundamental elements of the start-up ecosystem and lifecycle processes, this study contributes to the identification and investigation of start-up enterprises. The findings provide insight into how to describe start-up enterprises through a multiple-case study. This study discovered that each stage of the start-up lifecycle has a distinct emphasis on improving the ecosystem in order to create a more resilient start-up company

Surgery of Left Temporal Region Arachnoid Cyst with Neuroendoscopy: A Case Report

Introduction: Today, the development of minimally invasive neurosurgery technique, has become a choice of treatment for many neurosurgical disease.  Dr.Suyoto Hospital, Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Indonesia and Indonesian Airforce Hospital Dr. Esnawan Antariksa, Halim Perdanakusuma, Jakarta, Indonesia, has responsibility in public health services for military and civilian community. This paper has an objective to share experience in giving treatment with intracranial neuroendoscopy technique for patient with left temporal region arachnoid cyst. Case Report: Case Report 1 : Girl, 17 years old, with headache. There was no neurological deficit, and from brain CT Scan, there was a cystic lesion at the left temporal region. The diagnosis was arachnoid cyst. She performed neuroendoscopic cystotomy and insertion of Omaya reservoir. After surgery, she had no headache, and there were no post-operative complications. Histopatology finding was arachnoid cyst. From follow up of brain CT Scan, there was improvement. We used intracranial neuroendoscopy device from B-Braun Aesculap, Germany, 2015. Case Report 2 : Boy, 8 years old, with seizure and headache. There was no neurological deficit, and from brain CT Scan, there was a cystic lesion at the left temporal region. The diagnosis was arachnoid cyst. He performed neuroendoscopic cystotomy and insertion of Omaya reservoir. Dicussion: After surgery, he had no headache and also had no seizure, and there were no post-operative complications. Histopatology finding was arachnoid cyst. From follow up of brain CT Scan, there was improvement. We used intracranial neuroendoscopy device from B-Braun Aesculap, Germany, 2015. Conclusion: Intracranial neuroendoscopy technique can be applied for the treatment of many special and selective neurosurgical diseases, including arachnoid cyst. In this patient, intracranial neuroendoscopy had good result. We still need more many of cases for determine the success rate of this intracranial neuroendoscopy technique statisticall

Oxidative Stress, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α, and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Hearts of Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia

Hypobaric hypoxia is situation that might occur to helicopter pilots in Indonesia who must fly at an altitude of more than 3,048 m such as in Papua. It can be dangerous because hypoxic condition can affect person's performance. So far, the heart is known as an aerobic organ and very sensitive to hypoxic conditions. Hitherto, the effects of hypobaric hypoxia exposure on biomolecular aspects of the heart are still unclear. Therefore, this study assessed cardiac response in rats exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) (equivalent to 3,048 meters/10,000 feet). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control; acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH); and IHH, for 7; 14; 21; and 28 days. We measured super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cytoglobin, myoglobin, HIF-1α, and Nrf2 level as our parameters. Activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH increased while the levels of MDA, cytoglobin, myoglobin, HIF-1α, and Nrf2 decreased in all IHH groups compared with the AHH group. A biphasic pattern was observed as IHH sessions increased from 14 to 21 or 28. Where the IHH treatment for more than 14 sessions caused a decrease in endogenous antioxidants, but the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress increased. Our findings presented the molecular alterations of cardiac rats exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia

THE EFFECT OF THE ALTITUDE ZONE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION FOR MALE PILOTS IN INDOCTRINATION AND AEROPHYSIOLOGY TRAINING IN 2019

Objective: A pilot on duty at altitude can be exposed to hypoxia, both mild and severe. The incidence of hypoxia on a flight can be fatal, especially if hypoxia is experienced by a pilot on duty. One manifestation of hypoxia is decreased cognitive function. A pilot is required to carry out multitasking operations using cognitive functions, especially in an emergency. Therefore, decreased cognitive function due to hypoxia in a pilot can cause accidents in flight. This study aims to determine changes in cognitive function with hypoxia exposure at several altitude zones. Methods: This study used an experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 31 military pilots who participated in Indoctrination and Aerophysiology Training. Subjects filled 6 Cognitive Impairment Test (6 CIT) questionnaires at ground level, efficient physiological zone (10,000 ft), and physiological deficient zone (25,000 ft) in a hypobaric chamber. Results: There was a change of 6 CIT score at 10.000 ft compared to ground level (Friedman post-hoc Wilcoxon, P = 0.001). There was also a change of 6 CIT score at 25,000 ft compared to ground level (Friedman post-hoc Wilcoxon, P<0.001). Conclusion: There was a change in cognitive function in the efficient physiological zone and physiological deficient zone, compared to ground level

The Effect of Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress Status and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Rat Brain

Background: High altitude can cause hypobaric hypoxia (HH), resulted from the lower barometric pressure and hence partial pressure of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to a lot of deleterious molecular and cellular changes, such as generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing of ROS can cause oxidative stress if the antioxidant enzyme does not increase simultaneously. Oxidative damage in brain has toxic effect on cognitive functions.Objective: In this study, we investigate effect of acute intermittent HH on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in rat brain.Method: Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting control group and four experimental groups which treated to HH. Rats were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 35.000 feet in hypobaric chamber for 1 minute, repeated once a week.Results: Level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in rat brain under acute HH increased at HH exposure (group I) compare to control group. These levels decreased afterward at intermittent HH exposure (group II-IV). Specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) shows increasing level at intermittent HH exposure, especially group IV was increasing of SOD level significantly. The increasing pattern of specific activity of catalase was inversely from SOD pattern, but it still has higher activity in intermittent HH compare to control group.Conclusion: Brain tissue seems to be able to perform an adequate adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia after the training, shown by its significantly decreased MDA and carbonyl level and also increased specific activity of SOD and catalase