HARAPAN PESERTA DIDIK TENTANG MATERI PRAKARYA PADA ASPEK KERAJINAN DI SMPN 3 LEMBANG

Penelitian ini beranjak dari permasalahan bahwa materi pembelajaran prakarya yang diikuti masih terbatas pada program yang tertuang dalam silabus dan SAP dilihat dari penggunaan bahan limbah yang diolah untuk membuat kerajinan terbatas pada limbah kulit jagung, teknik pembuatan yang digunakan kurang inovatif dan jenis produk yang dibuat kurang bervariasi, sehingga peserta didik menunjukkan sikap yang kurang antusias. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data mengenai harapan peserta didik tentang materi prakarya dalam aspek kerajinan dari limbah organik dan anorganik yang diinginkan peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, sebagai alat pengumpul data berupa angket yang disebar kepada responden sebanyak 53 orang yaitu peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 3 Lembang. Temuan hasil penelitian terkait harapan peserta didik mengenai materi prakarya pada aspek kerajinan, mereka mengharapkan bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kerajinan yang paling tinggi diinginkan dari limbah organik yaitu limbah jerami dan dari limbah anorganik yaitu limbah kaleng. Teknik pembuatan kerajinan yang paling tinggi diinginkan oleh peserta didik yaitu teknik menjahit. Produk-produk kerajinan yang paling tinggi untuk dihasilkan dalam pembuatan kerajinan mereka mengatakan bahwa produk kerajinan yang sifatnya baru atau kekinian seperti produk kerajinan keranjang, asbak, kap lampu, dan aksesoris. Rekomendasi yang dapat disampaikan dari hasil penelitian ini, kiranya guru dapat memilih dan mengembangkan materi pelajaran prakarya baik dari segi bahan yang digunakan, teknik pembuatan, dan produk yang dibuat lebih bervariasi dan inovasi sesuai dengan keberadaan peserta didik sekolah menengah pertama.;--- The background of the research arises from the problem of sculpture’s learning material which applied still limited to programmes which were implemented on syllabus and SAP as seen from the usage of recycled waste which crafted to create sculpture are limited to corn’s skin, less-innovated creation technique and kinds of products which are less vary, causing learners to show less entushiasm. The objective of this research is to gather data toward learners’ expectation on Art-subject’s learning material in sculpture aspect from organic and anorganic waste which are suit to what learners want. This research use descriptive method, questionnaire thereby applied to gather the data which are distributed to respondents consisted of 53 students, whom the students of VII grade at SMPN 3 Lembang. The result of the research in relation to the learners’ expectation toward Art-subject on sculpture aspect was their expectation on the mostly expected material which are used in the sculpture-creation thereby hay waste for organic material and empty can waste for anorganic material. Then for the mostly expected creation technique by learners is sewing technique. Products which have highest ration to produce in the sculpture production process, they stated that the sculpture products which have new mode or latest in nature, e.g. basket, ashtray, lantern for lamp, and accessories. Based on the result of this research, it is reccomended that teachers may choose and develop better Art-subject learning material from the side of material which are used, creation technique which are used, and the more variated product which are made and the innovation according to learners of junior high school level

Salmon-lice as a potential threat to anadromous Arctic charr populations

Salmon-lice have the potential to change the behaviour and growth of their salmonid host species. Here, the baseline infection levels of salmon-lice of post-smolts (n = 815) and veteran migrants (n = 875) of sea-run Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus, 1758) were monitored over two successive years in a sub-Arctic Norwegian fjord without farming of salmonids. All Arctic charr were collected after the seamigration period from a trap placed in the river, ascending to their overwintering freshwater habitat (Lake Laksvatn). The sea-lice infection showed a stable infection across the 2 years while increasing through the migration period and with the size of the wild sea-run Arctic charr. The prevalence of sea-lice infection was intermediate to high, and the intensities of sea-lice infections observed were generally modest, although some individuals had high infections. The relatively high infection of salmonlice highlights the potential detrimental effects these parasites can have at both the individual and population level of such endangered sub-Arctic life-history strategies. A comparative study should be performed in fjords with aquaculture activity as focal points for salmon-lice, to investigate the impact farming have on sea-run Arctic charr populations

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic scavengers on invasive Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) carcasses in a riparian ecosystem in northern Norway

publishedVersio

Utredning Skalsavassdraget. Forprosjekt

Det ble gjennomført prøvefiske og el-fiske i Skalsavassdraget, Kvænangen kommune, 20-21. september 2013. I Skalsavatnet er det en tett røyebestand med tidlig kjønnsmodning og liten tilvekst på rundt 3 cm årlig. Røye over 25 cm var fåtallig, men disse var kannibalrøyer og vokste godt med opptil 5-6 cm årlig. Det er tydelige indikasjoner på en splittet bestand med ‘normalrøye’ og ‘dvergrøye’ i vatnet. Øvre del av utløpselva var godt egnet som oppvekstområde, med høy tetthet av røyeunger. Det ble ikke fanget anadrom røye i vatnet, og konkludert med at vassdraget ikke innehar anadrome fiskebestander. Selve fiskemulighetene i vatnet vurderes som relativt gode, med muligheter for å få stor en og annen stor røye over 2 kg. Beliggenheten gjør at det må benyttes transport over Jøkelfjorden og det bør vurderes tilrettelegging for ilandføring ved elveutløpet, samt leirplass eller camper ved vatnet for å gjøre det mer attraktivt for fisketurisme. Synatur og grunneier Statskog er positive til å få bedret kvaliteten på fiskebestanden i vatnet, og uttynningsfiske med teiner vurderes som den beste løsningen. Det er viktig at et eventuelt uttynningsfiske forankres lokalt, og at det følges opp på en faglig og forsvarlig måte. Beregninger viser at det bør tas ut anslagsvis 3 kg røye pr hektar, noe som tilsvarer et årlig uttak på rundt 190-200 kg eller i størrelsesorden 5-6000 røye årlig i en flerårsperiode.publishedVersio

Growth of invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) at sea assessed by scale analysis

Invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) has been present in variable, but low, numbers in Norwegian waters since c. 1960, but beginning in 2017 their numbers have exploded in rivers in northern Norway, with considerable numbers also recorded in rivers in southern Norway and other countries bordering the North Atlantic. Analysis of pink salmon scales from two rivers draining to the western Barents Sea showed declining growth during the first weeks after entering the sea, and some individuals even showed a pronounced growth arrest, based on detailed scale circulus analyses. This was followed by a period of growth increase and stability during late summer and autumn, which may reflect a transition to better food sources, as the fish migrate from coastal waters to the open ocean, and as they grow larger and can eat larger and more energy efficient food items. Growth declined to a minimum during winter. Fish body size at spawning was positively correlated with the distance from scale focus to the last winter circulus, as well as with the number of circuli. When dividing scale growth into three periods, better growth during the first period at sea was related to increased fish body length at spawning, but this early growth explained only a minor part (6%) of the variation in final body length. The reason for this may be large individual variation in growth combined with large mortality during the first weeks at sea. If mortality is selective, removing fish with poor growth may reduce a correlation between early growth and body size at spawning. Scale growth during late summer and early autumn explained more of the variation in fish length at spawning (27%). Hence, late summer and early autumn was likely an important period for marine growth and survival in the invasive pink salmon

Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway

Recent large influxes of non-native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine-derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine-derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long-term diet subsidised by marine-derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon. egg predation, marine-derived nutrients, non-native salmonids, resource subsidy, stable isotope analysis, subarctic riverpublishedVersio

Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway

Recent large influxes of non‐native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine‐derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine‐derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long‐term diet subsidised by marine‐derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon.peerReviewe

Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway

Recent large influxes of non-native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine-derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine-derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long-term diet subsidised by marine-derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon. egg predation, marine-derived nutrients, non-native salmonids, resource subsidy, stable isotope analysis, subarctic rive

Pink salmon in Norway: the reluctant invader

In 2017, Norway experienced an invasion of the Pacific salmonid pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in numbers never before seen in rivers all along the coast. Significant numbers were also caught in other parts of northwestern Europe. Pink salmon has been observed in variable numbers in Norwegian waters in the summer and autumn of most years since 1960, after the first successful Russian introduction of pink salmon fry in rivers draining to the White Sea in northwest Russia in 1959. With the exception of 1960, pink salmon have been most abundant in odd years, based on the odd-year broodline of the 2-year life salmonid. Even-year fish has generally been less abundant, but in recent years, significant numbers of this broodline have also been caught. In this paper we review the available information on pink salmon in Norwegian rivers and discuss (1) to what extent the presence of this species in Norway has been driven by Russian introductions and natural reproduction in Russian, and lately in Norwegian, rivers, and (2) the likelihood of reproducing populations of pink salmon being established in more Norwegian rivers. Considering the continued propagule pressure in terms of adult pink salmon entering and spawning in Norwegian rivers, it is puzzling that self-propagating populations apparently only have been established in some rivers in the northernmost part of the country. The potential impact of pink salmon on native salmonids and river ecosystems is discussed briefly. Extensive research is required to understand the mechanisms that determine the fate of pink salmon as an alien species, and specifically the possible impact of pink salmon on native salmonids and the environment in the recipient rivers and in the ocean

Pink salmon in Norway: the reluctant invader

In 2017, Norway experienced an invasion of the Pacific salmonid pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in numbers never before seen in rivers all along the coast. Significant numbers were also caught in other parts of northwestern Europe. Pink salmon has been observed in variable numbers in Norwegian waters in the summer and autumn of most years since 1960, after the first successful Russian introduction of pink salmon fry in rivers draining to the White Sea in northwest Russia in 1959. With the exception of 1960, pink salmon have been most abundant in odd years, based on the odd-year broodline of the 2-year life salmonid. Even-year fish has generally been less abundant, but in recent years, significant numbers of this broodline have also been caught. In this paper we review the available information on pink salmon in Norwegian rivers and discuss (1) to what extent the presence of this species in Norway has been driven by Russian introductions and natural reproduction in Russian, and lately in Norwegian, rivers, and (2) the likelihood of reproducing populations of pink salmon being established in more Norwegian rivers. Considering the continued propagule pressure in terms of adult pink salmon entering and spawning in Norwegian rivers, it is puzzling that self-propagating populations apparently only have been established in some rivers in the northernmost part of the country. The potential impact of pink salmon on native salmonids and river ecosystems is discussed briefly. Extensive research is required to understand the mechanisms that determine the fate of pink salmon as an alien species, and specifically the possible impact of pink salmon on native salmonids and the environment in the recipient rivers and in the ocean