Golongan mudamat rempit: suatu ekspresi sub budaya

The research discusses the activities and sub-culture of a Mat Rempit group (outlaw bikers) in Kuala Lumpur. The research problem focuses on the sub-cultural activities and social expressions of specific norms and values of the group not only through motorcycle racing but also through other related activities such as their involvement in music, motorcycle thefts and drugs. Forty-five youths in Kuala Lumpur aged between 17 and 26 were selected using the purposive sampling method, and 7 of them were chosen for in-depth interviews which were conducted from Januari until November 2007. The research aims to describe the Mat Rempit group activities and examine the specific elements existing within their sub-culture and the various social expressions of Mat Rempit group who were involved in using the social and physical spaces as well as the available opportunities to carry out their specific activities and sub-culture. The research shows that amidst the various social transformations that are taking place within the society today, the Mat Rempit sub-culture is a form of social reaction and collective solution of the youths to the conventional norms and values which are perceived to limit their social activities. Mat Rempit activities and sub-culture are indirectly the group’s expression of life experiences and, more often than not, their leisure activities are seen by the public as socially problemati

Subbudaya kumpulan mat rempit: interpretasi penggunaan bahasa di kalangan ahli kumpulan

Artikel ini membincangkan kajian aktiviti ahli kumpulan Mat Rempit dan sub-budaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam interaksi mereka di Negeri Melaka. Permasalahan kajian mengkhusus kepada aktiviti dan interpretasi amalan sub-budaya bahasa di kalangan mereka. Pengkaji telah memilih tujuh orang informan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan kaedah judgemental dalam satu kerja lapangan di Ayer Keroh, Melaka. Informan yang dipilih adalah Mat Rempit iaitu lelaki Melayu lingkungan umur 16 hingga 26 tahun. Kesemua informan ditemubual secara mendalam. Kajian bertujuan memperihal aktiviti ahli kumpulan Mat Rempit dan menginterpretasi elemen-elemen sub-budaya bahasa yang diamalkan oleh mereka. Kajian mendapati sub-budaya bahasa dibentuk dalam cara dan kaedah yang pelbagai. Bahasa tersebut mempunyai maksud tersurat dan tersirat dalam mewujudkan nilai keakraban dan rasa selamat semasa menjalankan aktiviti ahli kumpulan Mat Rempit

Perkaitan Rutin Aktiviti dan Jenayah Serangan Seksual Ke Atas Wanita

Viktimisasi membincangkan perlakuan jenayah dari sudut pandang dan fokus terhadap mangsa jenayah. Kajian literatur terhadap Teori Aktiviti Rutin digunakan dalam memahami jenayah serangan seksual ke atas wanita sebagai mangsa. Teori Aktiviti Rutin menyatakan seseorang menjadi mangsa disebabkan keterlibatan tiga pihak iaitu pemangsa bermotivasi, mangsa yang menarik dan ketiadaan penjaga yang berkebolehan; dan individu yang menghabiskan banyak masa di luar rumah mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk menjadi mangsa. Jadi kajian bertujuan untuk melihat apakah lokasi kejadian mempengaruhi serangan seksual yang terjadi. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian kes dan aplikasi teknik temu bual mendalam terhadap 11 orang informan bagi melihat faktor yang mencetuskan serangan seksual. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa mangsa tidak sendirinya mencetuskan serangan seksual ke atas diri mereka sebaliknya tidak berdaya di atas faktor tinggal serumah bersama pemangsa, berseorangan dan kegagalan penjaga menjalankan tanggungjawab dengan baik. Kesimpulannya, viktimisasi terhadap mangsa serangan seksual tidak dicetuskan oleh mangsa sendiri tetapi mangsa merupakan individu yang tidak berdaya dan tidak bernasib baik

Golongan muda mat rempit: suatu ekspresi sub budaya

Kajian ini membincangkan fenomena Mat Rempit dari sudut aktiviti dan sub-budaya yang diamalkan oleh segolongan anak muda di Kuala Lumpur. Permasalahan kajian memfokus kepada aktiviti dan ekspresi sub-budaya Mat Rempit bukan sahaja daripada aktiviti berlumba haram, bahkan juga aktiviti yang berkaitan dengannya seperti berhibur melalui muzik, mencuri motosikal dan mengambil dadah. Pengkaji telah memilih 45 orang responden menggunakan kaedah pesampelan bertujuan dalam satu kerja lapangan yang dijalankan dari Januari hingga November 2007. Responden yang dipilih adalah Mat Rempit di Kuala Lumpur berusia antara 17 hingga 26 tahun. Seramai 7 orang responden telah ditemubual secara mendalam. Kajian bertujuan memperihal aktiviti Mat Rempit dan mengenal pasti elemen-elemen khusus dalam sub-budaya yang diamalkan oleh mereka. Kajian turut melihat ekspresi sosial golongan Mat Rempit melalui aktiviti serta sub-budaya mereka yang melibatkan penggunaan ruang fizikal dan sosial serta peluang untuk menjalankan aktiviti dan membangunkan sub-budaya mereka. Kajian mendapati sub-budaya yang terhasil merupakan suatu reaksi dan penyelesaian berbentuk kolektif golongan Mat Rempit terhadap budaya masyarakat konvensional yang dipersepsikan membatas kehendak dan keinginan orang muda seperti terpancar melalui pelbagai aktiviti dan sub-budaya khusus mereka, dan pada masa sama cenderung mempermasalahkan penggunaan masa lapang mereka

Sub-budaya Mat Rempit dan perubahan sosiobudaya

Illegal motorcycle racing is an informal sport of Malaysian urban youths which is increasingly perceived by the Malaysian society as a real social nuisance. The racers are nicknamed Mat Rempit in Malay. This paper takes the view that, in general, the Mat Rempit activities may be related to some sociocultural impacts of the contemporary social change process in the Malaysian society. It analyses findings of a study conducted in a Kuala Lumpur social setting, the focal points of which were the activities and the specifics of the Mat Rempit sub-culture. These included the Mat Rempit spoken and conversation language, and the norms and values to which members of the Mat Rempit subscribed. A total of 45 Kuala Lumpur’s Mat Rempit, aged between 17 and 26, became the respondents of the study which employed in-depth interview and observation techniques. The study found that the Mat Rempit groups not only engaged in illegal racing but also other activities considered negative by the general public. The Mat Rempit subculture evolved and perpetuated through group learning processes, and was characterised by counterculture elements which were the sociocultural outcomes of the social transformation processes undergone by certain quarters of the Malaysian youth population. In conclusión, the Mat Rempit sub-culture finds expressions in values such as freedom, identity, autonomy, pleasure, appearence and creativit

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London