PMU5 prevalence and associated factors to psychotic substance use in low-income adolescents from the caribbean region of Colombia

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors to psychotic substance use in low-income adolescents from the Caribbean region of Colombia Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. Adolescents between 10-24 years of age residents in 21 municipalities were randomly selected from the population affiliated to a subsidized-regime insurance company between 2014-2018. A previously constructed questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding sociodemographic variables and potential risk factors. Prevalence of lifetime use of substance abuse was assessed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to establish associated factors. Absolute and relative frequencies were compared with the Chi2 test and continuous variables were compared with the t-test. A p value <0.050 was considered significan

GPS Tracking of Free-Ranging Pigs to Evaluate Ring Strategies for the Control of Cysticercosis/Taeniasis in Peru

Background Taenia solium, a parasitic cestode that affects humans and pigs, is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. T. solium eggs are released into the environment through the stool of humans infected with an adult intestinal tapeworm (a condition called taeniasis), and cause cysticercosis when ingested by pigs or other humans. A control strategy to intervene within high-risk foci in endemic communities has been proposed as an alternative to mass antihelminthic treatment. In this ring strategy, antihelminthic treatment is targeted to humans and pigs residing within a 100 meter radius of a pig heavily-infected with cysticercosis. Our aim was to describe the roaming ranges of pigs in this region, and to evaluate whether the 100 meter radius rings encompass areas where risk factors for T. solium transmission, such as open human defecation and dense pig activity, are concentrated. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we used Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to track pig roaming ranges in two rural villages of northern Peru. We selected 41 pigs from two villages to participate in a 48-hour tracking period. Additionally, we surveyed all households to record the locations of open human defecation areas. We found that pigs spent a median of 82.8% (IQR: 73.5, 94.4) of their time roaming within 100 meters of their homes. The size of home ranges varied significantly by pig age, and 93% of the total time spent interacting with open human defecation areas occurred within 100 meters of pig residences. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate that 100 meter radius rings around heavily-infected pigs adequately capture the average pig’s roaming area (i.e., home range) and represent an area where the great majority of exposure to human feces occurs

Sexual behavior, use of contraceptive methods and pregnancy in young people from a population affiliated in a health insurer company in Colombia 2018

Describe the average age of sexual life onset from young people and adolescents, the prevalence of contraceptive methods and explore determinants of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. For the social determinants of pregnancy, a multivariate probit model was estimated using as explanatory variables, housing area, education, family functionality and sexual behavior. 10.3% of women and 14.1% of men had their first sexual encounter before age 14 and 43.5% of women and 37.4% of men began their sex life after age 17. From the young people who claimed to have started their sexual life, 70.9% of the men made use of the condom as a contraceptive method, while the women divided on average 27.2% for the pills and / or injections followed by 16 , 1% in the use of the subdermal implant. As determinants of pregnancy in young people under 20, it was found that variables such as suspending school years [Yes (β = 0.6, p = 0.006)], being planned with hormonal method [Yes (β = 0.5, p = 0.000)] or start sexual life [Between 10 to 14 years (β = 0.14, p = 0.000)], increase the likelihood of young women becoming pregnant at some time in their life. These results also showed that the schooling of the young [University (β = -0.4, p = 0.038)] and always use condoms in sexual intercourse [Yes (β = -0.5, p = 0.042)] help prevent the pregnancy event from occurring. The age of sexual onset establishes a basis on which decision makers should intervene for promote a safe sex life, from use of anticonceptives in young people and thus avoiding unplanned pregnancy

Perception, prevalence and factors associated to school bullying in young people from a population affiliated in a colombian health subsidized insurance company in 2018.

Describe the perception from young people about bullying, the prevalence of this event and explore the factors associated with being a victim. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer company of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. Means and standard deviation were expressed for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables. For the associated factors, a logistic model was estimated using as explanatory variables, sex, housing area, age range, family functionality, disability of the young person, disability of a family member and variables of psychological perception. 63.6% of young people answered that they have knowledge about what school bullying is, noting that as the schooling of the young person increases, the higher the proportion of positive response. The physical or verbal school bullying rate was 94 young people per 1,000. It was found that factors such as the youth feeling useless and guilty (OR = 3.14, p = 0.000), attending psychological counseling (OR = 1.78, p = 0.000), repeating years (OR = 1.49, p = 0.000), that the young person has a disability (OR = 1.33, p = 0.004), or a family member has a disability (OR = 1.27, p = 0.000), is associated with being a victim of bullying. Likewise, it was found that belonging to a highly functional family environment (OR = 0.57, p = 0.000) is a protective factor. School bullying is an event that needs attention and requires supervision of all those around young people, in order to avoid changes in behavior or suicide. Therefore, health systems must offer comprehensive care to prevent mental health risks related to bullying given their relationship with the presence of disability of the young person or a relativ

Impact in hospitalization costs of a cardiovascular risk management program in Colombia: a propensity score matching model

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and burden of disease in Colombia and globally. In 2017, CVD represented the 12% of total DALYs. CVD is a costly disease from patient, family and societal perspectives. Effective prevention and risk management programs reduces the incidence of CVD by as much as 80%. We aimed to estimate the impact of direct medical hospitalization costs related to adherence in a risk management program in Colombia, 2018. We retrospectively collected data from 6,243 patients with data of enrollment in a cardiovascular risk management program (DTC, in Spanish) of a subsidized insurer, who presented arterial hypertension (AH) or AH+ type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). 1,065 were identified adherent to the program (treated) and 5.178 non adherent (controls). We designed a propensity score matching model adjusted with confounding variables to estimate the effect of treatment (program adherence) over hospitalization cost. Costs were calculated based on hospitalization invoices and expressed in Colombian pesos (COP) 2018. DTC has an average negative effect on cost of treated population. Being treated avoids hospitalization costs; these results were statistically significant at the 5% and 10% level (with 95%CI that goes through zero). Hence, being in the DTC program reduces hospital costs that ranges from COP-$11,346,372 to -$ 799,259 (95%CI) compared to the average cost. The overall impact on program costs is a significant saving of COP583,670 per event-year. If all members of the DTC program fulfilled its activities by more than 80%, the savings generated by the program would be close to COP$ 6.85 billion. DTC risk management program reduces direct hospitalization costs of events associated to CVD. Our results are important to design policies focused on the cost and risk management of patients with CVD in poor population

Epidémiologie de l'épilepsie au Pérou : Neurocysticercose comme cause de l'épilepsie secondaire dans la région nord du Pérou

Backgrounds. Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the brain and a common cause of epilepsy in poor regions. There are scarce community-based studies about its comorbidities as epilepsy and neurocysticercosis. Methods. In the northern region of Peru, we performed three community based-studies and one systematic review a) to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NCC, b) the prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures and NCC c) seroprevalence of cysticercosis (EITB-LLGP) and d) to perform a community intervention to interrupt the Taenia solium transmission. Results. Of the 256 residents who underwent CT scan, 48 (18.8%) had brain calcifications consistent with NCC. Lifetime prevalence of epilepsy was 17.25/1000, the proportion of NCC in people with epilepsy was 39% (109/282), and the seroprevalence of EITB-LLGP in individuals with epilepsy was 40% and between 23.4 to 36.9% in the general population. The association between CC and epilepsy had a OR of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). Three rounds of mass treatment with niclosamida in humans and mass treatment and vaccination in pigs was implemented in 107 rural communities (n=81,170 people). No infected pigs with cysticercosis were found in 105 of 107 communities. Conclusion. NCC is a strong contributor of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We showed that transmission of Taenia solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in endemic regions in PeruIntroducción. La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una de las enfermedades helmínticas más frecuentes del SNC y causa de epilepsia sintomática en regiones pobres. Hay escasos estudios basados en comunidad sobre esta zoonosis y sus comorbilidades la epilepsia y la NCC. Metodología. Se desarrollaron en la Región Norte del Perú tres estudios basados en la comunidad, y una revisión sistemática cuyos objetivos fueron: a) evaluar la prevalencia de NCC asintomática, b) la prevalencia de epilepsia asociada a cisticercosis, c) determinación de la exposición a cisticercosis y d) desarrollar una intervención comunitaria que interrumpa la transmisión de cisticercosis. Resultados. De 256 pacientes asintomáticos que tuvieron una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) cerebral sin contraste, 48 (18%) tuvo una NCC calcificada. La prevalencia de epilepsia encontrada fue de 17.25/1000 habitantes y la proporción de NCC en personas con epilepsia fue de 39% (109/282). El Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) para cisticercosis fue positivo en el 40% de los individuos con epilepsia, y en el 36.9% de la población general. La asociación entre cisticercosis y epilepsia tuvo un OR de 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). El tratamiento masivo con niclosamida en humanos (n=3), y población porcina más vacunación fue implementada en 107 comunidades rurales de Tumbes; en 105 de 107 no hubo nuevos cerdos infectados con cisticercosis. Conclusiones. (1) La NCC es un factor contribuidor de epilepsia, (2) Se puede cortar la trasmisión de T. solium a escala regional.Introduction. La neurocysticercosis (NCC) est l'un des maladies helminthiques les plus courantes du SNC et elle cause de l'épilepsie symptomatique dans les régions pauvres. Il existe peu d'études communautaires sur cette zoonose et leurs comorbidités comme l'épilepsie et la NCC. Méthodologie. Dans la région nord du Pérou, trois études sur la communauté et une révision systématique ont été développés dont les objectifs étaient les suivants: a) évaluer la prévalence de la NCC asymptomatique, b) la prévalence de l'épilepsie associée à la cysticercose, c) la détermination de l'exposition à la cysticercose d) développer une intervention communautaire pour interrompre la transmission de la cysticercose. Résultats. 256 patients asymptomatiques qui avaient une tomodensitométrie (T) sans contraste, 48 (18%) avaient la NCC calcifiés. La prévalence de l'épilepsie trouvée était de 17.25 / 1000 habitants et la proportion de NCC en personnes atteintes d'épilepsie était de 39% (109/282). Le Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) pour la cysticercose a été positive dans le 40% des personnes atteintes d'épilepsie, et dans le 36,9% de la population générale. L'association entre la cysticercose et l'épilepsie avait un OR de 2,7 (95% CI 2.1 – 3.6, p <0,001). Le traitement massif avec niclosamide chez l'homme (n = 3), et plus la vaccination de la population porcine a été mis en oeuvre dans 107 communautés rurales de Tumbes. Aucun porc infecté avec la cysticercose n’a été trouvé en 105 des 107 communautés. Conclusions. (1) La NCC est un facteur contributeur de l'épilepsie, (2) La transmission de T. solium peut être réduite à échelle régionale

Epidémiologie de l'épilepsie au Pérou : Neurocysticercose comme cause de l'épilepsie secondaire dans la région nord du Pérou

Backgrounds. Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the brain and a common cause of epilepsy in poor regions. There are scarce community-based studies about its comorbidities as epilepsy and neurocysticercosis. Methods. In the northern region of Peru, we performed three community based-studies and one systematic review a) to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NCC, b) the prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures and NCC c) seroprevalence of cysticercosis (EITB-LLGP) and d) to perform a community intervention to interrupt the Taenia solium transmission. Results. Of the 256 residents who underwent CT scan, 48 (18.8%) had brain calcifications consistent with NCC. Lifetime prevalence of epilepsy was 17.25/1000, the proportion of NCC in people with epilepsy was 39% (109/282), and the seroprevalence of EITB-LLGP in individuals with epilepsy was 40% and between 23.4 to 36.9% in the general population. The association between CC and epilepsy had a OR of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). Three rounds of mass treatment with niclosamida in humans and mass treatment and vaccination in pigs was implemented in 107 rural communities (n=81,170 people). No infected pigs with cysticercosis were found in 105 of 107 communities. Conclusion. NCC is a strong contributor of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We showed that transmission of Taenia solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in endemic regions in PeruIntroducción. La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una de las enfermedades helmínticas más frecuentes del SNC y causa de epilepsia sintomática en regiones pobres. Hay escasos estudios basados en comunidad sobre esta zoonosis y sus comorbilidades la epilepsia y la NCC. Metodología. Se desarrollaron en la Región Norte del Perú tres estudios basados en la comunidad, y una revisión sistemática cuyos objetivos fueron: a) evaluar la prevalencia de NCC asintomática, b) la prevalencia de epilepsia asociada a cisticercosis, c) determinación de la exposición a cisticercosis y d) desarrollar una intervención comunitaria que interrumpa la transmisión de cisticercosis. Resultados. De 256 pacientes asintomáticos que tuvieron una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) cerebral sin contraste, 48 (18%) tuvo una NCC calcificada. La prevalencia de epilepsia encontrada fue de 17.25/1000 habitantes y la proporción de NCC en personas con epilepsia fue de 39% (109/282). El Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) para cisticercosis fue positivo en el 40% de los individuos con epilepsia, y en el 36.9% de la población general. La asociación entre cisticercosis y epilepsia tuvo un OR de 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). El tratamiento masivo con niclosamida en humanos (n=3), y población porcina más vacunación fue implementada en 107 comunidades rurales de Tumbes; en 105 de 107 no hubo nuevos cerdos infectados con cisticercosis. Conclusiones. (1) La NCC es un factor contribuidor de epilepsia, (2) Se puede cortar la trasmisión de T. solium a escala regional.Introduction. La neurocysticercosis (NCC) est l'un des maladies helminthiques les plus courantes du SNC et elle cause de l'épilepsie symptomatique dans les régions pauvres. Il existe peu d'études communautaires sur cette zoonose et leurs comorbidités comme l'épilepsie et la NCC. Méthodologie. Dans la région nord du Pérou, trois études sur la communauté et une révision systématique ont été développés dont les objectifs étaient les suivants: a) évaluer la prévalence de la NCC asymptomatique, b) la prévalence de l'épilepsie associée à la cysticercose, c) la détermination de l'exposition à la cysticercose d) développer une intervention communautaire pour interrompre la transmission de la cysticercose. Résultats. 256 patients asymptomatiques qui avaient une tomodensitométrie (T) sans contraste, 48 (18%) avaient la NCC calcifiés. La prévalence de l'épilepsie trouvée était de 17.25 / 1000 habitants et la proportion de NCC en personnes atteintes d'épilepsie était de 39% (109/282). Le Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) pour la cysticercose a été positive dans le 40% des personnes atteintes d'épilepsie, et dans le 36,9% de la population générale. L'association entre la cysticercose et l'épilepsie avait un OR de 2,7 (95% CI 2.1 – 3.6, p <0,001). Le traitement massif avec niclosamide chez l'homme (n = 3), et plus la vaccination de la population porcine a été mis en oeuvre dans 107 communautés rurales de Tumbes. Aucun porc infecté avec la cysticercose n’a été trouvé en 105 des 107 communautés. Conclusions. (1) La NCC est un facteur contributeur de l'épilepsie, (2) La transmission de T. solium peut être réduite à échelle régionale

Epidemiology of epilepsy : Neurocysticercosis as a strong contributor of symptomatic epilepsy in the northern region of Peru

Introduction. La neurocysticercosis (NCC) est l'un des maladies helminthiques les plus courantes du SNC et elle cause de l'épilepsie symptomatique dans les régions pauvres. Il existe peu d'études communautaires sur cette zoonose et leurs comorbidités comme l'épilepsie et la NCC. Méthodologie. Dans la région nord du Pérou, trois études sur la communauté et une révision systématique ont été développés dont les objectifs étaient les suivants: a) évaluer la prévalence de la NCC asymptomatique, b) la prévalence de l'épilepsie associée à la cysticercose, c) la détermination de l'exposition à la cysticercose d) développer une intervention communautaire pour interrompre la transmission de la cysticercose. Résultats. 256 patients asymptomatiques qui avaient une tomodensitométrie (T) sans contraste, 48 (18%) avaient la NCC calcifiés. La prévalence de l'épilepsie trouvée était de 17.25 / 1000 habitants et la proportion de NCC en personnes atteintes d'épilepsie était de 39% (109/282). Le Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) pour la cysticercose a été positive dans le 40% des personnes atteintes d'épilepsie, et dans le 36,9% de la population générale. L'association entre la cysticercose et l'épilepsie avait un OR de 2,7 (95% CI 2.1 – 3.6, p <0,001). Le traitement massif avec niclosamide chez l'homme (n = 3), et plus la vaccination de la population porcine a été mis en oeuvre dans 107 communautés rurales de Tumbes. Aucun porc infecté avec la cysticercose n’a été trouvé en 105 des 107 communautés. Conclusions. (1) La NCC est un facteur contributeur de l'épilepsie, (2) La transmission de T. solium peut être réduite à échelle régionale.Backgrounds. Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the brain and a common cause of epilepsy in poor regions. There are scarce community-based studies about its comorbidities as epilepsy and neurocysticercosis. Methods. In the northern region of Peru, we performed three community based-studies and one systematic review a) to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NCC, b) the prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures and NCC c) seroprevalence of cysticercosis (EITB-LLGP) and d) to perform a community intervention to interrupt the Taenia solium transmission. Results. Of the 256 residents who underwent CT scan, 48 (18.8%) had brain calcifications consistent with NCC. Lifetime prevalence of epilepsy was 17.25/1000, the proportion of NCC in people with epilepsy was 39% (109/282), and the seroprevalence of EITB-LLGP in individuals with epilepsy was 40% and between 23.4 to 36.9% in the general population. The association between CC and epilepsy had a OR of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). Three rounds of mass treatment with niclosamida in humans and mass treatment and vaccination in pigs was implemented in 107 rural communities (n=81,170 people). No infected pigs with cysticercosis were found in 105 of 107 communities. Conclusion. NCC is a strong contributor of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We showed that transmission of Taenia solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in endemic regions in PeruIntroducción. La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una de las enfermedades helmínticas más frecuentes del SNC y causa de epilepsia sintomática en regiones pobres. Hay escasos estudios basados en comunidad sobre esta zoonosis y sus comorbilidades la epilepsia y la NCC. Metodología. Se desarrollaron en la Región Norte del Perú tres estudios basados en la comunidad, y una revisión sistemática cuyos objetivos fueron: a) evaluar la prevalencia de NCC asintomática, b) la prevalencia de epilepsia asociada a cisticercosis, c) determinación de la exposición a cisticercosis y d) desarrollar una intervención comunitaria que interrumpa la transmisión de cisticercosis. Resultados. De 256 pacientes asintomáticos que tuvieron una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) cerebral sin contraste, 48 (18%) tuvo una NCC calcificada. La prevalencia de epilepsia encontrada fue de 17.25/1000 habitantes y la proporción de NCC en personas con epilepsia fue de 39% (109/282). El Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) para cisticercosis fue positivo en el 40% de los individuos con epilepsia, y en el 36.9% de la población general. La asociación entre cisticercosis y epilepsia tuvo un OR de 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). El tratamiento masivo con niclosamida en humanos (n=3), y población porcina más vacunación fue implementada en 107 comunidades rurales de Tumbes; en 105 de 107 no hubo nuevos cerdos infectados con cisticercosis. Conclusiones. (1) La NCC es un factor contribuidor de epilepsia, (2) Se puede cortar la trasmisión de T. solium a escala regional

Perceptions and acceptability of text messaging for diabetes care in primary care in Argentina: Exploratory study

Background: Engagement in self-care behaviors that are essential to optimize diabetes care is challenging for many patients with diabetes. mHealth interventions have been shown to be effective in improving health care outcomes in diabetes. However, more research is needed on patient perceptions to support these interventions, especially in resource settings in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The goal of the research was to explore perceptions and acceptability of a short message service (SMS) text messaging intervention for diabetes care in underserved people with diabetes in Argentina. Methods: A qualitative exploratory methodology was adopted as part of the evaluation of a program to strengthen diabetes services in primary care clinics located in low-resource settings. The diabetes program included a text messaging intervention for people with diabetes. A total of 24 semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with people with diabetes. Results: Twenty-four middle-aged persons with diabetes were interviewed. Acceptability was considered adequate in terms of its actual use, frequency, and the role of texts as a reminder. We found that text messages could be a mediating device in the patient's learning processes. Also, being exposed to the texts seemed to help bring about changes in risk perception and care practices and to function as psychosocial support. Another relevant finding was the role of text messaging as a potential facilitator in diabetes care. In this sense, we observed a strong association between receiving text messages and having a better patient-physician relationship. Additionally, social barriers that affect diabetes care such as socioeconomic and psychosocial vulnerability were identified. Conclusions: Our findings show positive contributions of a text messaging intervention for the care of people with diabetes. We consider that an SMS strategy has potential to be replicated in other contexts. However, further studies are needed to explore its sustainability and long-term impact from the perspective of patients.Fil: Moyano, Daniela Luz. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Morelli, Daniela. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Santero, Marilina. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Belizan, Maria. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Irazola, Vilma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Beratarrechea, Andrea Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentin

Evaluation de la prise en charge de l'épilepsie dans des communautés rurales du Nord du Pérou.

International audienc