La rehabilitación de Ciudad de los Ángeles en Madrid. Mejorar la habitabilidad de un barrio de 1950 con criterios de eficiencia energética

Regeneración urbana, habitabilidad, rehabilitación, eficiencia energética, calidad ambienta

Inversión, infraestructuras e imagen en la producción del espacio de centralidad en Madrid

The two last decades have consolidated a type of urban construction based on the great investment of the collective surplus value in the whole city, pursuing the exclusivity of the city or, also, in one of its areas. As a consequence, local institutions supported the lost of its economic capacity. The investment in the urban centre has not expected one social or territorial balance, aggravating the dispossession of popular classes and producing a fetish space around the consumption. Madrid has supported, in its physical space, a great accumulation of collective surplus value, in the form of infrastructures and operations about the urban scene, that have increased the local debt. Also, these surplus value have contributed to the consolidation of the excellence and prestige discourse of the urban centre. The city has been transformed into the show window of a space produced for the merchandise and capital change. The investment allows the reproduction of the globalisation ways of life, which are based on the appearance and the prestige of the social mobility.Las dos últimas décadas han consolidado un modelo de construcción urbana basado en la fuerte inversión de las plusvalías colectivas en la ciudad persiguiendo la exclusividad de la ciudad o una parte de ella, con la consiguiente pérdida de capacidad económica de las instituciones locales. Las inversiones en la centralidad no han supuesto un equilibrio social ni territorial, agudizando la desposesión de las capas populares y produciendo un espacio fetiche en torno al consumo. Madrid ha soportado en su espacio físico una fuerte acumulación de plusvalías colectivas en forma de infraestructuras e intervenciones sobre la escena urbana que han supuesto un incremento del endeudamiento municipal y han contribuido a la consolidación del discurso de la excelencia y el prestigio de la centralidad urbana. Ésta se ha convertido en el escaparate de un espacio producido para el intercambio de mercancías y capital. La inversión permite reproducir estilos de vida propios de la globalización y basados en la imagen y el prestigio del ascenso social

La imagen en el cuerpo urbano. La transformación de Madrid hacia el consumo

El neoliberalismo ha supuesto una transformación en la conceptualización de las clases sociales y una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre ellas. En tal sentido, ha emprendido un cambio en los centros urbanos, intensificando su uso comercial y turístico a partir de la inversión pública en la imagen de la ciudad. En Madrid, entre los años 1998 y 2007, de hegemonía neoliberal, se ha invertido, precisamente, en proyectos que han cambiado la escena urbana, reforzando el carácter fetichista del espacio y fomentando, con ello, el reforzamiento de los valores de excelencia y prestigio social. A partir del análisis de la inversión pública en proyectos de escena urbana, se procede a estudiar aquí los efectos que las peatonalizaciones y semipeatonalizaciones han tenido en la conceptualización del centro de Madrid, en los años de máxima expansión neoliberal.Neoliberalism has meant a transformation in the conceptualization of social classes and a reconfiguration of the relationships between them. In this sense, it has produced a change in urban centers by intensifying their commercial and tourist uses through public investment in the image of cities. In Madrid, between the years 1998 and 2007 -a period of neoliberal hegemony- investments were made in projects that changed the urban scene by reinforcing the fetishistic character of the space and at the same time reinforcing the values of excellence and social prestige.  Based on an analysis of public investment in urban scene projects, this research studied the effects that pedestrianization and semipedestrianization projects have had on the conceptualization of the center of Madrid during the years of greatest neoliberal expansion

The “Almendra Central” of Madrid, space for social normalization

Los centros de las ciudades han transformado sus características y sus relaciones para convertirse en espacios donde impera la fantasmagoría de la mercancía en un pronunciado sentido de control social. La mercancía impera en las relaciones sociales que se dan entre los individuos y esto se traduce en una morfología urbana capaz de producir espacios para el control social a partir de la identificación con los valores hegemónicos. La ciudad de Madrid no es indiferente a esto y a lo largo de dos décadas ha ido produciendo un espacio de centralidad que ha contribuido decisivamente a hegemonizar un discurso de prestigio y normalización. De esta manera, la Almendra Central ha dejado de ser el espacio de conflicto entre diferentes clases sociales, para convertirse en un espacio de normalización desde donde las clases dominantes puede ejercer el control y el poder sobre el resto de clases, inconscientemente dominadas.The centres of the cities have transformed their characteristics and relationships to converting them in spaces where prevail the “phantasmagoria” of the commodities in an accentuated sense of social control. The commodities prevail in the social relationships between the persons and this is translated as an urban morphology capable of produce spaces for the social control starting from the identification with de hegemonies values. The city of Madrid has not been indifferent to these processes and along two last decades has produced one type of central space that it has decisive collaborated on the hegemony of the prestige and standardization speech. In this way, the “Almendra Central” is not more the space of conflict between different social classes, but now is the space for normalization from where the ruling class can executes the control and power over the others classes, these unconsciously dominated

Analysis and bifurcations of a dc-dc buck converter controlled by sine wave

Los sistemas de baja potencia se utilizan ampliamente en la robótica y en la industria, por lo tanto, el modelado y análisis de sistemas proporcionan fiabilidad y mejores diseños para tales sistemas. El convertidor buck es uno de los sistemas que ha sido ampliamente analizado durante años con el objetivo de conocer su comportamiento y mejorar el diseño de los algoritmos de control. En consecuencia, en este trabajo el convertidor buck controlado por PWM de voltaje es modelado, simulado y estudiado. Sin embargo, dado que muchos trabajos se han desarrollado en el marco del estudio del sistema controlado por rampa, esta tesis se centra principalmente en el nuevo estudio del convertidor buck controlado por onda sinusoidal (cambiando la señal rampa T-periódica no suave por la señal sinusoidal T-periódica suave) operando en modo de conducción continua y discontinua, convergiendo hacia el análisis bifurcacional de casi todos los parámetros que rigen el sistema. Además, algunos resultados obtenidos a partir de ambos sistemas son comparados. Utilizando un método para la detección de eventos, los sistemas son simulados describiendo numéricamente todos los fenómenos encontrados al computar respuestas temporales, retratos de fase, diagramas de bifurcaciones uno dimensionales, dos dimensionales y tridimensionales para diferentes parámetros. Con esto, todos los comportamientos complejos serán fácilmente reconocidos cuando un parámetro específico es variado, sin mencionar que nuevos fenómenos de la naturaleza no suave son observados y descritos. Posteriormente, ya que los diagramas de bifurcaciones son calculados variando los parámetros de forma ascendente y descendente, coexistencia de atractores, los cuales son normalmente un comportamiento no deseado en los sistemas no lineales, son observados y estudiados. No obstante, también se demuestra que estos diagramas de bifurcaciones no son el remedio suficiente para encontrar coexistencia de soluciones. Finalmente, algoritmos de control son aplicados al convertidor buck controlado por PWM de voltaje, los cuales son una técnica basada en un control adaptativo, donde se modifica la señal rampa T-periódica (V ramp) o la señal seno T-periódica (V s) de tal forma que se comporten similar a la señal de control (V co) y a los cambios en el voltaje de entrada (V in); todo a fin de ampliar aún más el rango de V in sobre el cual la órbita 1T-periódica se mantiene estable. Además, con esta técnica de control se reduce considerablemente el porcentaje de error de regulación (%e) así como también se elimina el comportamiento caótico cuando V in es variado. Al final, resultados numéricos y experimentales, los cuales concuerdan altamente, son obtenidos con el fin de validar el funcionamiento del sistema controlado por rampa adaptativa / Abstract: Low power systems are widely used in robotics and industrial areas; therefore, modeling and systems analysis provide reliable and best designs of such systems. The Buck converter is one of the systems that has been widely analyzed for years in order to understand its behavior and design better control algorithms. Accordingly, in this work the PWM voltage{controlled buck converter is modeled, simulated and studied. However, since many works have been developed under the study of the system controlled by ramp, this thesis will be mainly focused in the new study of the buck converter controlled by sine waveform (changing the non-smooth T-periodic ramp signal by the smooth T-periodic sine signal) operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction mode, converging towards the bifurcation analysis of almost all the parameters that govern the system. Additionally, some results obtained from both systems are compared. Using a method for detecting events, the systems are simulated describing numerically all the phenomenons found computing temporal responses, phase portraits, one dimensional, two dimensional and three dimensional bifurcation diagrams for different parameters. With this, every complex behavior will be easily recognized when a specific parameter is varied, not to mention new phenomenons of the non{smooth nature are observed and described. Then, as bifurcation diagrams are computed varying the parameters ascending and descending, coexisting attractors, which are normally an undesired behavior in nonlinear systems, are observed and studied. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that these bifurcation diagrams are not the sufficient remedy to find coexistence of solutions. Finally, control algorithms are applied to the PWM voltage-controlled buck converter, which is a technique based on an adaptive control, where the T-periodic ramp signal (V ramp) or the T-periodic sine signal (V s) are modified to behave according to the control signal (V co) and the input voltage (Vin) changes; all in order to extend even more the Vin range over which the 1T-periodic orbit remains stable. Moreover, with this control technique it is greatly reduced the percentage of regulation error (%e) as well as it is eliminated the chaotic behavior when V in is varied. After all, numerical and experimental results, which show high agreement, are obtained so as to validate the performance of the system controlled by adaptive ramp.Maestrí

Interfaz gráfica para MuBPEL

121 páginas (PDF). Código fuente LaTeX bajo licencia GFDL 1.3 en https://neptuno.uca.es/redmine/projects/pfc-juan-danie

Atmospheric Corrosion Studies in a Decommissioned Nuclear Power Plant

Metallic corrosion progresses at a very low rate at room temperature in a perfectly dry atmosphere and for practical purposes may be ignored, but on humid surfaces is a very relevant phenomenon. The mechanism is electrochemical, with an electrolyte constituted by an extremely thin moisture film of just a few monolayers or an aqueous film of hundreds of microns in thickness due, for instance, to rain or dew (Rozenfeld, 1972; Barton, 1976; Feliu and Morcillo, 1982; Kucera & Mattson, 1986; Costa et al., 2006). A considerable part of the damage that atmospheric corrosion causes to structures and equipment may be attributed to the condensation of humidity as a result of periodic cooling of the air. The formation of dew depends on the relative humidity (RH) of the air and the change in the metal surface temperature. The drier the atmosphere, the more the temperature must fall in order for humidity to condense; while at high RH a slight drop in temperature can lead to the saturation in humidity of the atmosphere. The fraction of time in which an atmosphere presents a high RH level has been shown to be a good indicator of its potential aggressivity.Peer reviewe

In vivo antioxidant treatment protects against bleomycin-induced lung damage in rats

This study examines the activity of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats with emphasis on the early inflammatory phase. Rats receiving N-acetylcysteine (300 mg kg−1 day−1, intraperitoneal) had less augmented lung wet weight, and lower levels of proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil and macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung myeloperoxidase activity with a betterment of histological score at 3 days postbleomycin. A diminished lung GSH/GSSG ratio and augmented lipid hydroperoxides were observed 3 days postbleomycin. These changes were attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Alveolar macrophages from bleomycin-exposed rats released augmented amounts of superoxide anion and nitric oxide. N-Acetylcysteine did not modify superoxide anion generation but reduced the increased production of nitric oxide. N-Acetylcysteine suppressed the bleomycin-induced increased activation of lung NF-κB (shift assay and immunohistochemistry), and decreased the augmented levels of the early inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-β, interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 1 and 3 days postbleomycin exposure. At 15 days postbleomycin, N-acetylcysteine decreased collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content: 6351±669 and 4626±288 μg per lung in drug vehicle- and N-acetylcysteine-treated rats, respectively; P<0.05). Semiquantitative histological assessment at this stage showed less collagen deposition in N-acetylcysteine-treated rats compared to those receiving bleomycin alone. These results indicate that N-acetylcysteine reduces the primary inflammatory events, thus preventing cellular damage and the subsequent development of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin rat model.This work was supported by Grant 1FD97-1143 from the European Union (Regional Development Funds, FEDER), CICYT (Spanish Government), Regional Government (Generalitat Valenciana) and Grant FIS98/1367 (Spanish Ministry of Health).Peer reviewe

Diseño de una rectena de onda completa de triple frecuencia

Modern communication systems use multifrequency or broadband antennas in order to provide multiple communication services. One of the biggest problems associated to all these systems comes from their batteries life cycle. Nowadays, great efforts are being undertaken in order to harvest energy from as many places as possible. In addition, if the two cycles of the corresponding wave could be used, it would be good in order to increase the RF-DC power conversion. This paper presents a multifrequency and full wave-rectifying antenna for microwave applicatio

Looking back on contributions in the field of atmospheric corrosion offered by the MICAT ibero-american testing network

The Ibero-American Map of Atmospheric Corrosiveness (MICAT) project was set up in 1988 sponsored by the International Ibero-American programme >Science and Technology for Development (CYTED)> and ended in 1994 after six years of activities. Fourteen countries were involved in this project: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Research was conducted both at laboratories and in a network of 75 atmospheric exposure test sites throughout the Ibero-American region, thus considering a broad spectrum of climatological and pollution conditions. Although with its own peculiarities, the project basically followed the outline of the ISOCORRAG and ICP/UNECE projects, with the aim of a desirable link between the three projects. This paper summarizes the results obtained in the MICAT project for mild steel, zinc, copper, and aluminum specimens exposed for one year in different rural, urban, and marine atmospheres in the Ibero-American region. Complementary morphological and chemical studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques, in order to correlate climatic and atmospheric conditions and properties of the corrosion products. © 2012 M. Morcillo et al.Peer Reviewe