IgE Profiles of Bermuda Grass Pollen Sensitised Patients Evaluated by Phleum Pratense Allergens Phl P 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12

ABSTRACT Background Despite the difference in geographical dominance of certain grasses, a high degree of allergenic similarity or cross-reactivity between Bermuda grass pollen (BGP) and timothy grass pollen (TGP) has been previously demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the sensitisation to TGP in 411 patients known for their reactivity to BGP extracts by analysing their reactivity to crude timothy pollen extract and timothy pollen purified allergens, establishing their specific IgE-profiles. Methods Using the immunoenzymatic CAP method we evaluated IgE-specific antibodies for BGP- and TGP-extracts and the timothy recombinant (r) and natural (n) allergens rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, nPhl p 4, rPhl p 5, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 11, and rPhl p 12. Results BGP-IgE positive patients (median = 8.0 kUA/l, 2.8-22.2 kUA/l 25 th -75 th percentile) simultaneously had IgE positive results for TGP (100% of subjects) (median = 48.9 kUA/l, 19.8- > 100 kUA/l 25 th -75 th percentile) and high prevalence of sensitization to 6/8 Phleum pratense allergens (Phl p 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, markers of genuine sensitisation to TGP) other than profilin and calcium binding protein. More than 72% of BGP allergic patients were co-sensitised to rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, nPhl p 4, rPhl p 5, rPhl p 6. A decrease of total and specific IgE with patients' age was observed. Conclusions Our data show that all BGP-allergic patients simultaneously exhibit higher IgE antibody levels to recombinant and natural P . pratense allergens as well as to crude TGP extract. This suggests that when choosing an immunotherapeutic regimen for BGP-sensitised patients (after establishing their IgE profile via purified TGP-allergens), subcutaneous or sublingual TGP-extract vaccines in appropriate doses, in order to influence T epitope specificity, might be beneficial. Though extremely uncommon, in cases where a patient is exclusively BGP allergen-sensitised, BGP-extract therapy is the appropriate therapeutic response

La política armada : La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización

La colaboración de Mora González Canosa, "La política armada. La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización", analiza el modo en que esta organización concibió sus vínculos con diversos sectores sociales entre 1970 y 1971. Muestra que en principio su accionar fundamental se desarrolló de modo paralelo a las variadas formas de lucha del movimiento social más amplio y cómo el tema se convirtió en un problema que demandaba respuestas específicas a la luz de la encrucijada política delineada con el "Gran Acuerdo Nacional" lanzado por Lanusse.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

La política armada : La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización

La colaboración de Mora González Canosa, "La política armada. La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización", analiza el modo en que esta organización concibió sus vínculos con diversos sectores sociales entre 1970 y 1971. Muestra que en principio su accionar fundamental se desarrolló de modo paralelo a las variadas formas de lucha del movimiento social más amplio y cómo el tema se convirtió en un problema que demandaba respuestas específicas a la luz de la encrucijada política delineada con el "Gran Acuerdo Nacional" lanzado por Lanusse.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

La política armada : La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización

La colaboración de Mora González Canosa, "La política armada. La lógica de las prácticas políticas de las FAR y el problema de la relación con las masas durante los primeros años de la organización", analiza el modo en que esta organización concibió sus vínculos con diversos sectores sociales entre 1970 y 1971. Muestra que en principio su accionar fundamental se desarrolló de modo paralelo a las variadas formas de lucha del movimiento social más amplio y cómo el tema se convirtió en un problema que demandaba respuestas específicas a la luz de la encrucijada política delineada con el "Gran Acuerdo Nacional" lanzado por Lanusse.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Climate change challenges for central banks and financial regulators

The academic and policy debate regarding the role of central banks and financial regulators in addressing climate-related financial risks has rapidly expanded in recent years. This Perspective presents the key controversies and discusses potential research and policy avenues for the future. Developing a comprehensive analytical framework to assess the potential impact of climate change and the low-carbon transition on financial stability seems to be the first crucial challenge. These enhanced risk measures could then be incorporated in setting financial regulations and implementing the policies of central banks

Europe's cross-border trade, human security and financial connections: A climate risk perspective

As the impacts of climate change begin to take hold, increased attention is being paid to the consequences that might occur remotely from the location of the initial climatic impact, where impacts and responses are transmitted across one or more borders. As an economy that is highly connected to other regions and countries of the world, the European Union (EU) is potentially exposed to such cross-border impacts. Here, we undertake a macro-scale, risk-focused literature and data review to explore the potential impact transmission pathways between the EU and other world regions and countries. We do so across three distinct domains of interest - trade, human security and finance - which are part of complex socio-economic, political and cultural systems and may contribute to mediate or exacerbate risk exposure. Across these domains, we seek to understand the extent to which there has been prior consideration of aspects of climate-related risk exposure relevant to developing an understanding of cross-border impacts. We also provide quantitative evidence of the extent and strength of connectivity between the EU and other world regions. Our analysis reveals that - within this nascent area of research - there is uncertainty about the dynamics of cross-border impact that will affect whether the EU is in a relatively secure or vulnerable position in comparison with other regions. However, we reveal that risk is likely to be focused in particular ‘hotspots’; defined geographies, for example, that produce materials for EU consumption (e.g. Latin American soybean), hold financial investments (e.g. North America), or are the foci for EU external action (e.g. the Middle East and North Africa region). Importantly, these domains will also interact, and - via the application of a conceptual example of soybean production in Argentina based on a historical drought event - we illustrate that impact and response pathways linked to EU risk exposure may be complex, further heightening the challenge of developing effective policy responses within an uncertain climatic and socioeconomic future

Milk protein intake, the metabolic-endocrine response, and growth in infancy : data from a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Protein intake in early infancy has been suggested to be an important risk factor for later obesity, but information on potential mechanisms is very limited. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of protein intake in infancy on serum amino acids, insulin, and the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis and its possible relation to growth in the first 2 y of life. DESIGN: In a multicenter European study, 1138 healthy, formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive cow-milk-based infant and follow-on formulas with lower protein (LP; 1.77 and 2.2 g protein/100 kcal) or higher protein (HP; 2.9 and 4.4 g protein/100 kcal) contents for the first year. Biochemical variables were measured at age 6 mo in 339 infants receiving LP formula and 333 infants receiving HP formula and in 237 breastfed infants. RESULTS: Essential amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, IGF-I, and urinary C-peptide:creatinine ratio, were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the HP group than in the LP group, whereas IGF-binding protein (IGF-BP) 2 was lower and IGF-BP3 did not differ significantly. The median IGF-I total serum concentration was 48.4 ng/mL (25th, 75th percentile: 27.2, 81.8 ng/mL) in the HP group and 34.7 ng/mL (17.7, 57.5 ng/mL) in the LP group; the urine C-peptide:creatinine ratios were 140.6 ng/mg (80.0, 203.8 ng/mg) and 107.3 ng/mg (65.2, 194.7 ng/mg), respectively. Most essential amino acids, IGF-I, C-peptide, and urea increased significantly in both the LP and HP groups compared with the breastfed group. Total IGF-I was significantly associated with growth until 6 mo but not thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: HP intake stimulates the IGF-I axis and insulin release in infancy. IGF-I enhances growth during the first 6 mo of life. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00338689