Acotación sobre la política social de Julien Freund.

Sin resume

Gaston Bouthoul y la polemología

Gaston Bouthol founded a particular sociology known as polemology. Skeptical about the pacifism and critic of the juridical illusion of the international regulation of the peace-phenomenon, he studied the war-phenomenon without moralising prejudices. Polemology, that involves a critic of culture, is focused on the social function of war, known as the most important institution of destruction. The study of major wars enabled him to raise an hypothesis that foresees the periodicity of wars

Jacques Maritain and the Political Theology of Contemporary Democracy

This article analyzes the democratic thought of the philosopher Jacques Maritain. A methodical reading of the integrity of his political work published since the 20s demonstrates a great continuity in the defense of a univocal concept of democratic governance, called social democracy, new Christianity, integral democracy or organic democracy in order to accommodate his thought to the political circumstances. Starting from the principle of superiority of spiritual power, Maritain has redefined the notion of democracy in an anti-rousseaunian sense. Maritain postulates a community and pluralist regime under a presidential government and non partitocratic political system. Maritainian democracy and the secular faith that must animate it, based on human rights, is conceived as an antidote against liberal neutralism and against the totalitarian temptation of a democracy understood as a political religion.Este artículo analiza el pensamiento democrático del filósofo Jacques Maritain. Una lectura metódica de la integridad de su obra política publicada desde los años 20 demuestra una gran continuidad en la defensa de un concepto unívoco de la gobernación democrática, denominada democracia social, nueva cristiandad, democracia integral o democracia orgánica para acomodarse a las circunstancias políticas. Partiendo del principio de superioridad del poder espiritual, Maritain ha depurado la noción de democracia de adherencias rousseaunianas, postulando un régimen comunitario y pluralista bajo un gobierno presidencialista y no partidocrático. La democracia maritainiana y la fe secular que debe animarla, basada en los derechos humanos, está concebida como un antídoto contra el neutralismo liberal y contra la tentación totalitaria de una democracia entendida como una religión política

Julien Freund o la imaginación del desastre

Julien Freund fue uno de los grandes pensadores políticos del siglo xx. Autor de obras tan relevantes como La esencia de lo político, donde pretendía analizar la especificidad propia de este ámbito de la existencia humana, ha sido desde su muerte, ocurrida en 1993, injustificadamente olvidado. En este artículo, el profesor Molina Cano repasa su trayectoria, explica sus principales contribuciones a la filosofía política y reivindica su importancia

Raymond Aron ante el maquiavelismo político

It is a simplification of Raymond Aron´s thought to consider him as a mere neo-liberal political thinker. The French sociologist, a well-known political realist, took part in the famous controversy about Machiavellianism that was Aron´s intellectual watershed from the Forties. Starting from that controversy the aim of the present paper is to inquire into his contribution to the so-called “moderate Machiavellianism”, whose Arcanum is that it is not always possible to choose the optimal means to face the right political action. Machiavellianism is not a merely scientific or epistemological question, but something that deeply determines all political actions.La presentación de Raymond Aron como un escritor político neoliberal constituye una simplificación de su pensamiento. El sociólogo francés, que pertenece a la tradición del realismo político, tuvo una destacada intervención en la famosa polémica sobre el maquiavelismo que marcó un punto de inflexión en su pensamiento. Este artículo examina su contribución a esa inagotable polémica intelectual desde los años 40 y constata, finalmente, su encuadramiento en el denominado “maquiavelismo moderado”, cuyo arcano político es que, en política, no siempre se pueden elegir los medios de la acción. El maquiavelismo no es, en este sentido, un asunto científico o epistemológico, sino que determina profundamente toda acción política

Intra-university mediation on the road to the sustainable development goals: a systematic review

Mediation as a formula for resolving conflicts is becoming increasingly relevant internationally as a mechanism for a peaceful conflict resolution. In Europe, many countries are enacting legal regulations, and European directives promote the use of mediation to resolve disputes between individuals, companies, institutions, etc. Mediation has a wide range of possibilities in terms of fields of action: family, judicial, school, community, etc. One of those becoming increasingly relevant is intra-university mediation, as a mechanism for resolving conflicts between the people/agents involved, among the students themselves and their peers. Moreover, mediation is related to education and the culture of peace, which are critical aspects of a more autonomous and independent society that can solve conflicts. Bearing in mind the possibilities provided by mediation and as a horizon for intra-university mediation, we propose a systematic review that pivots on three axes: a) conflict and mediation as a means to resolve dissent; b) intra-university mediation, experiences, and possibilities; c) intra-university mediation and its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals. To do so, a systematic review has been carried out in scientific databases using a qualitative methodologyin order to identify the role of mediation in the university environment and the benefits that the university community and society can obtain. Among the main findings is the evidence that educational mediation at the university level is viable and is widely developed internationally

Seven-versus 14-day course of antibiotics for the treatment of bloodstream infections by Enterobacterales: a randomized, controlled trial

[Objective] To prove that 7-day courses of antibiotics for bloodstream infections caused by members of the Enterobacterales (eBSIs) allow a reduction in patients' exposure to antibiotics while achieving clinical outcomes similar to those of 14-day schemes.[Methods] A randomized trial was performed. Adult patients developing eBSI with appropriate source control were assigned to 7 or 14 days of treatment, and followed 28 days after treatment cessation; treatments could be resumed whenever necessary. The primary endpoint was days of treatment at the end of follow-up. Clinical outcomes included clinical cure, relapse of eBSI and relapse of fever. A superiority margin of 3 days was set for the primary endpoint, and a non-inferiority margin of 10% was set for clinical outcomes. Efficacy and safety were assessed together with a DOOR/RADAR (desirability of outcome ranking and response adjusted for duration of antibiotic risk) analysis.[Results] 248 patients were assigned to 7 (n = 119) or 14 (n = 129) days of treatment. In the intention-to-treat analysis, median days of treatment at the end of follow-up were 7 and 14 days (difference 7, 95%CI 7–7). The non-inferiority margin was also met for clinical outcomes, except for relapse of fever (–0.2%, 95%CI –10.4 to 10.1). The DOOR/RADAR showed that 7-day schemes had a 77.7% probability of achieving better results than 14-day treatments.[Conclusions] 7-day schemes allowed a reduction in antibiotic exposure of patients with eBSI while achieving outcomes similar to those of 14-day schemes. The possibility of relapsing fever in a limited number of patients, without relevance to final outcomes, may not be excluded, but was overcome by the benefits of shortening treatments.This work received technical support from the Spanish Network of Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) and the Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Government (PT13/0002/0010).Peer reviewe

El realismo político de Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora

Gonzalo Fernandez De La Mora (1924-2002), spanish philosopher and jurist belongs to one of those generations really fundamental in Spain’s XX Century. Student and fellow scholar of the great political jurists of the epoch (such as Javier Conde, Luis Diez Del Corral, Jesus Fueyo, Rodrigo Fernandez Carvajal), his main line of thought was the “demithyfing politics” in coherence with his thesis on “Twilight of ideologies” and the theory of the “State of works”, that is to say, State which legitimates itself on public works and not on any ideology. I discuss his main lines of thought, theorizing on the neutral State in Spain.Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora (1924-2002), jurista y filósofo español, pertenece a una de las generaciones fundamentales del siglo XX hispano. Discípulo y condiscípulo de los grandes juristas políticos de esa época (Javier Conde, Luis Díez del Corral, Jesús Fueyo, Rodrigo Fernández-Carvajal), fue su pensamiento director la «desmitologización de la política». Es coherente con ello su tesis sobre el «crepúsculo de las ideologías» y la teoría del «Estado de obras», es decir, un Estado que se legitima por sus realizaciones, no por la ideología. En este artículo se presenta una articulación de su pensamiento como teórico de un Estado neutral y laico en España