Images de l’undernet : secrets et partage sur le réseau mondial

À l’âge technologique, l’internet réinvente le principe de La Lettre volée d’Edgar Allan Poe, introuvable parce que trop évidemment exposée. Aujourd’hui, en initiant au sein même d’un immense espace public des domaines dédiés à ce que certains appellent leurs vies rêvées, le réseau des réseaux propose des zones de non-visibilité susceptibles d’abriter des secrets trop vifs pour être affichés dans la vie réelle. Le réseau internet crée de nouvelles manières d’être ensemble : en-deçà des couches superficielles et balisées du réseau, il fonde de nouveaux lieux anomiques d’agrégation et de partage dans ce qu’il faut bien appeler l’undernet.Internet re-creates in the technological age the principle of Edgar Allan Poe’s The purloined letter, which cannot be found because of too large an exposure.Today, the interconnected network, by opening spaces dedicated to what some call their dreamy lives, offers zones of non-visibility able to shelter too disturbing secrets to be performed in real life. Internet thus invents new ways of being together; it founds new areas for anomic aggregation and sharing, beyond the beaten tracks of the Net, in what may be termed the undernet

Les PECO devant la tentation de l'euro

Les pays d'Europe centrale ont restructure leur industrie vers les marches exterieurs. Ce redeploiement n'aurait pas pu se faire sans une relative stabilite macroeconomique en depit des crises financieres dans d'autres regions du monde. Les entrees d'investissements directs et la limitation de l'endettement exterieur y ont largement contribue. En reduisant la vulnerabilite aux capitaux speculatifs, les gouvernements ont pu gerer le taux de change en s'ecartant des extremes de la fixite absolue et du flottement integral.Convergence; endettement exterieur; regimes de change

'Time is costly': modelling the macroeconomic impact of scaling-up antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Macroeconomic policy requirements may limit the capacity of national and international policy-makers to allocate sufficient resources for scaling-up access to HIV care and treatment in developing countries. METHOD: An endogenous growth model, which takes into account the evolution of society's human capital, was used to assess the macroeconomic impact of policies aimed at scaling-up access to HIV/AIDS treatment in six African countries (Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ivory Coast and Zimbabwe). RESULTS: The model results showed that scaling-up access to treatment in the affected population would limit gross domestic product losses due to AIDS although differently from country to country. In our simulated scenarios of access to antiretroviral therapy, only 10.3% of the AIDS shock is counterbalanced in Zimbabwe, against 85.2% in Angola and even 100.0% in Benin (a total recovery). For four out of the six countries (Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast), the macro-economic gains of scaling-up would become potentially superior to its associated costs in 2010. CONCLUSION: Despite the variability of HIV prevalence rates between countries, macro-economic estimates strongly suggest that a massive investment in scaling-up access to HIV treatment may efficiently counteract the detrimental long-term impact of the HIV pandemic on economic growth, to the extent that the AIDS shock has not already driven the economy beyond an irreversible 'no-development epidemiological trap'

Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment.

BACKGROUND: The recording of outcomes from large-scale, simplified HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is critical. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of such a programme held by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in the Chiradzulu district, Malawi. METHODS: We scaled up and simplified HAART in this programme since August, 2002. We analysed survival indicators, CD4 count evolution, virological response, and adherence to treatment. We included adults who all started HAART 6 months or more before the analysis. HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and self-reported adherence were assessed on a subsample of patients, and antiretroviral resistance mutations were analysed in plasma with viral loads greater than 1000 copies per mL. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Of the 1308 patients who were eligible, 827 (64%) were female, the median age was 34.9 years (IQR 29.9-41.0), and 1023 (78%) received d4T/3TC/NVP (stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine) as a fixed-dose combination. At baseline, 1266 individuals (97%) were HAART-naive, 357 (27%) were at WHO stage IV, 311 (33%) had a body-mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2, and 208 (21%) had a CD4 count lower than 50 cells per muL. At follow-up (median 8.3 months, IQR 5.5-13.1), 967 (74%) were still on HAART, 243 (19%) had died, 91 (7%) were lost to follow-up, and seven (0.5%) discontinued treatment. Low body-mass index, WHO stage IV, male sex, and baseline CD4 count lower than 50 cells per muL were independent determinants of death in the first 6 months. At 12 months, the probability of individuals still in care was 0.76 (95% CI 0.73-0.78) and the median CD4 gain was 165 (IQR 67-259) cells per muL. In the cross-sectional survey (n=398), 334 (84%) had a viral load of less than 400 copies per mL. Of several indicators measuring adherence, self-reported poor adherence (<80%) in the past 4 days was the best predictor of detectable viral load (odds ratio 5.4, 95% CI 1.9-15.6). INTERPRETATION: These data show that large numbers of people can rapidly benefit from antiretroviral therapy in rural resource-poor settings and strongly supports the implementation of such large-scale simplified programmes in Africa

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Facebook, petite épidémiologie du réseau social

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Réseaux sociaux, médias en ligne, blogs: les nouveaux prescripteurs de l'opinion

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Médias et imaginaires radicaux

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