Investigação sobre a (re) construção do conhecimento de professores participantes de um grupo que estuda o campo conceitual aditivo

O propósito deste estudo é analisar a (re) construção dos conhecimentos necessários para o ensino do Campo Conceitual Aditivo de 15 professores participantes de um grupo de estudos formado em uma escola pública do estado de São Paulo - Brasil. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Projeto Observatório da Educação, promovido pela Unian. As análises das informações coletadas mostrouevidências da (re)construção do conhecimentos dos professores, sobretudo, em relação a percepção sobre a necessidade de se ofertar aos alunos uma maior diversidade de situações a fim de possibilitar a ampliação dos esquemas utilizados

Meditação breve e a interação entre interferência emocional e ansiedade

This pilot study assessed the effects of a 5-day focused meditation training on the interplay between emotional interference and anxiety in a non clinical sample randomized into two groups (experimental=13; control=18). Emotional interference was indexed comparing the reaction times in an attentional task with negative or neutral distracting images. Anxiety experienced during the task was also assessed through self-report. Only in the control group higher anxiety levels interacted with greater emotional interference and a worse evaluation of valence and arousal of emotional images. These preliminary findings suggest that meditation may help modulating anxiety effects on bias to negative stimuli, and that even a short training may facilitate self-regulatory processes.Este estudo piloto avaliou os efeitos de cinco dias de meditação focada na relação entre interferência emocional e ansiedade em amostra não clínica randomizada em dois grupos (experimental=13; controle=18). A interferência emocional foi indexada comparando os tempos de reação em uma tarefa de atenção com imagens distratoras negativas ou neutras. Também foi avaliado o autorrelato da ansiedade durante a tarefa. Apenas no grupo controle uma maior ansiedade interagiu com uma maior interferência emocional e uma pior avaliação de valência e alerta (arousal) das imagens emocionais. Esses achados preliminares sugerem que a meditação pode ajudar a modular o efeito da ansiedade no viés para estímulos negativos, e que mesmo um treino breve pode facilitar processos autorregulatórios

Gestão Participativa do PELC

Livro publicado como recurso didático do curso EaD. Apresenta 98 páginas contendo a descrição de todas as unidades de ensino e de cada aula, totalizando 27. Apresenta ainda as atividades a serem desenvolvidas pelos alunos assim como o processo de avaliação.Material didático produzido pelo Centro de Apoio à Educação a Distância da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CAED/UFMG) para os cursos de capacitação do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade.DoaçãoPELC e Vida Saudáve

Investigação sobre o conhecimento profissional docente dos participantes de um grupo de estudos

O propósito deste artigo é investigar as reflexões de professores que atuam nos anos iniciais da educação básica a respeito do campo aditivo. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, envolveu nove professoras participantes de um grupo de estudos criado no âmbito do projeto observatório da educação, promovido pela Universidade Bandeirante Anhanguera. A coleta de dados considerou a aplicação de um instrumento diagnóstico que buscou identificar o conhecimento dos professores a respeito desse tema e sobre seu ensino. A análise dos dados fundamentou-se tanto em estudos de discutem questões relacionadas ao conhecimento profissional docente como pesquisas que tratam das questões didáticas sobre o campo aditivo. O primeiro enfoque apoiou-se nos estudos de Shulman e Ball, o segundo enfoque apoiou-se na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar que a elaboração quase que predominante de situações prototípicas evidenciou lacunas no conhecimento sobre as diferentes situações, comprometendo da mesma forma, os conhecimentos pedagógicos do conteúdo

The improvement of emotion and attention regulation after a 6-week training of focused meditation :

Self-regulatory trainings can be an effective complementary treatment for mental health disorders. We investigated the effects of a six-week-focused meditation training on emotion and attention regulation in undergraduates randomly allocated to a meditation, a relaxation, or a wait-list control group. Assessment comprised a discrimination task that investigates the relationship between attentional load and emotional processing and self-report measures. For emotion regulation, results showed greater reduction in emotional interference in the low attentional load condition in meditators, particularly compared to relaxation. Only meditators presented a significant association between amount of weekly practice and the reduction in emotion interference in the task and significantly reduced image ratings of negative valence and arousal, perceived anxiety and difficulty during the task, and state and trait-anxiety. For attention regulation, response bias during the task was analyzed through signal detection theory. After training, meditation and relaxation significantly reduced bias in the high attentional load condition. Importantly, there was a doseresponse effect on general bias: the lowest in meditation, increasing linearly across relaxation and wait-list. Only meditators reduced omissions in a concentrated attention test. Focused meditation seems to be an effective training for emotion and attention regulation and an alternative for treatments in the mental health context

Does Meditation Alter Brain Responses to Negative Stimuli? A Systematic Review

Background: Despite several attempts to review and explain how meditation alters the brain and facilitates emotion regulation, the extent to which meditation and emotion regulation strategies share the same neural mechanisms remains unclear.Objective: We aim to understand the influence of meditation on the neural processing of negative emotional stimuli in participants who underwent meditation interventions (naive meditators) and long-term meditators.Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using standardized search operators that included the presence of terms related to emotion, meditation and neuro-imaging techniques in PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.Results: Searches identified 882 papers, of which 11 were eligible for inclusion. Results showed a predominance of greater prefrontal/frontal activity related to meditation, which might indicate the increased recruitment of cognitive/attentional control resources in naïve and long-term meditators. This increased frontal activity was also observed when participants were asked to simply react to negative stimuli. Findings from emotion-related areas were scarce but suggested increased insular activity in meditators, potentially indicating that meditation might be associated with greater bodily awareness.Conclusions: Meditation practice prompts regulatory mechanisms when participants face aversive stimuli, even without an explicit request. Moreover, some studies reported increased insular activity in meditators, consistent with the hypothesis that meditation helps foster an interoceptive awareness of bodily and emotional states

Exposure to trauma-relevant pictures is associated with tachycardia in victims who had experienced an intense peritraumatic defensive response : the tonic immobility.

Tonic immobility is an involuntary, last-ditch defensive reaction characterized by physical inactivity in a context of inescapable threat that has been described in many species, including humans. The occurrence of this defensive response is a predictor of the severity of psychiatric disorders and may be considered as an index of an intense reaction to a traumatic event. Here, we investigated whether the retrospective reports of peritraumatic tonic immobility reaction in participants exposed to a traumatic event would modify their cardiac responses to pictures related to their trauma. Using a questionnaire of life-threating events, we selected students who experienced violent crime as their most intense trauma and students who had never experienced a violent crime trauma, but experienced other traumatic events. All participants completed a questionnaire that estimated the intensity of tonic immobility during their most intense trauma. Electrocardiographic recordings were collected during exposure to pictures. Participants viewed emotional pictures (human attack with guns) and neutral pictures. These emotional stimuli were selected to be trauma-relevant to the violent crime group and non trauma-relevant to the no violent crime trauma group. Violent crime group showed a positive correlation between heart rate changes after viewing trauma-related pictures and tonic immobility scores. We observed that low tonic immobility scores were associated with bradycardia and high scores with tachycardia in response to trauma-relevant pictures. For the no violent crime group, no significant correlation was detected. These results suggest that the relevance of the stimuli and the magnitude of the defensive response during a previous trauma event were important factors triggering more intense defensive responses

Desenvolvimento profissional de professores das Ciências da Natureza sobre Tecnologia Assistiva: Encontros e Desencontros

This study has as a general objective to characterize Natural Sciences teachers’ comprehension on Assistive Technologies (AT), in a way to point out possible implications for educational processes involving students with disabilities in the curricular components of this area of knowledge. This research had a qualitative scope and opted for the use of questionnaires with open and closed questions as the instrument for data collection. The analysis of the perceptions derived from written narratives applied to 10 Natural Sciences teachers who work in a public federal institution in the south of the country. The Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA) was the instrument of analysis. The data analyzed pointed out a detachment in relation to AT discussions in the professional development of Nature Science teachers, even if the participants interpret it as responsible for the solution of possible problems that they may face in the classroom.Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral caracterizar compreensões de professores das Ciências da Natureza sobre Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), de modo a sinalizar possíveis implicações nos processos educativos realizados com estudantes com deficiência nos componentes curriculares dessa área do conhecimento. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa e optou-se pelo uso de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise das compreensões se deu a partir das narrativas escritas dos questionários aplicados com 10 professores de Ciências da Natureza que atuam em uma instituição pública federal no sul do Brasil. A Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) foi escolhida como o instrumento analítico. Os dados analisados indicam distanciamento de discussões ligadas à TA no desenvolvimento profissional de professores de Ciências da Natureza, em contraponto interpretam a referida tecnologia como aquela responsável pela solução de possíveis problemas que possam estar presentes na sala de aula

Estudios sobre agricultura urbana en Brasil en el período de 2008 a 2017

A agricultura atualmente é foco de vários estudos sobre o uso dos espaços urbanos e periurbanos no Brasil, bem como de percepção dos sujeitos que participam desta atividade nesses espaços. Assim, o trabalho objetivou analisar a agricultura urbana no Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2017, a partir da produção científica gerada sobre o tema. Realizou-se busca nas bases de dados disponibilizadas pelo Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Observou-se que na última década do século XXI, ainda são escassos os artigos sobre tema agricultura urbana, embora o tema tenha potencial e relevância social, ambiental e econômica. O apoio do Estado à produção agrícola em espaços urbanos pode favorecer a adoção de práticas da agricultura urbana e da promoção de estudos sobre ela.Currently, agriculture is the focus of several studies on the use of urban and periurban spaces in Brazil, as well as the perception of the subjects that participate in this activity in these spaces. Thus, this paper aimed to analyze urban agriculture in Brazil, from 2008 to 2017, based on the scientific production generated on the theme. We searched the databases provided by the Portal Periódicos CAPES. It was observed that in the last decade of the 21st century, there are still few articles about urban agriculture, although the theme has potential and social, environmental and economic relevance. State support for agricultural production in urban areas may favor the adoption of urban agriculture practices and the promotion of studies on urban agriculture.La agricultura actualmente es foco de varios estudios sobre el uso de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos en Brasil, así como de percepción de los sujetos que participan de esta actividad en esos espacios. Así, el trabajo objetivó analizar la agricultura urbana en Brasil, en el período de 2008 a 2017, a partir de la producción científica generada sobre el tema. Se realizó búsqueda en las bases de datos disponibilizadas por el Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Se observó que en la última década del siglo XXI, todavía son escasos los artículos sobre tema agricultura urbana, aunque el tema tiene potencial y relevancia social, ambiental y económica. El apoyo del Estado a la producción agrícola en espacios urbanos puede favorecer la adopción de prácticas de la agricultura urbana y la promoción de estudios sobre ella

“Keep That in Mind!” The Role of Positive Affect in Working Memory for Maintaining Goal-Relevant Information

Some studies have demonstrated a beneficial role of Positive Affect on working memory (WM) by either applying protocols of mood induction or assessing naturally occurring state Positive Affect. However, there are no studies directly linking Positive Affect as a stable personality-like trait with WM. We aimed to address this potential relationship using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale and contra-lateral delay activity (CDA) as measures of trait Positive Affect and WM Capacity, respectively. We also sought to investigate the impact of a neutral or unpleasant emotional state on this relationship. Participants performed a change detection task, while a neutral or an unpleasant emotional state was induced. Our results showed a positive robust correlation between trait Positive Affect and WM Capacity for both neutral and unpleasant emotional states, as revealed by the neuroelectrophysiological gold-standard measure of WM, namely, CDA. These data suggest a tangible role of trait Positive Affect in the cognitive ability of maintaining goal-relevant information in WM, such that even a highly disruptive state is not sufficient to corrupt this relationship