Oxidative stress status in blood and lipoprotein fractions in patients with chronic kidney disease

Hronična bolest bubrega (HBB) predstavlja stanje koje se karakteriše brojnim tradicionalnim i netradicionalnim faktorima rizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB). Dislipidemija, oksidativni stres i inflamacija zahvaljujući međusobnim interakcijama predstavljaju faktore koji značajno doprinose patogenezi i progresiji ateroskleroze kod bolesnika sa HBB. Paraoksonaza 1 (PON1) je glavni antioksidativni enzim na HDL česticama, koji svoj antiaterogeni potencijal ostvaruje mehanizmima koji sprečavaju oksidaciju lipoproteina niske gustine (LDL). Prema in vitro studijama u reverznom transportu holesterola mogu učestvovati i membrane eritrocita koje razmenjuju holesterol (RBC-Mh) sa drugim lipoproteinima, kao i hemoglobin koji privremeno uklanja višak holesterola tako što gradi Hb-holesterol kompleks (Hb-h). Brojne studije su pokazale da inflamacija ima važnu ulogu u inicijaciji i progresiji ateroskleroze. Takođe, remodelovanje ekstracelularnog matriksa (ECM) i neadekvatna aktivnost matriks metaloproteinaza (MMP) i tkivnih inhibitora matriks metaloproteinaza (TIMP), kao i galektin-3 doprinose napredovanju hronične bolesti bubrega i razvoju ateroskleroze kod ovih bolesnika. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitivanje parametara dislipidemije, oksidativnog stresa i inflamacije u krvi bolesnika sa HBB, bolesnika na hemodijalizi i zdravih ispitanika. Takođe, ova studija je imala za cilj i ispitivanje uticaja pomenutih faktora rizika na redoks status u glavnim lipoproteinskim frakcijama i na remodelovanje ECM. Cilj je bio i izračunati odgovarajuće skorove dislipidemije, oksidativnog stresa i inflamacije kako bi se procenio sinergistički efekat ovih procesa kao i efekat koji zajedno ostvaruju na oksidativno-stresni status u lipoproteinskim frakcijama kod bolesnika sa različitim stepenom bubrežnog oštećenja. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 77 bolesnika sa različitim stepenom oštećenja funkcije bubrega i 40 zdravih ispitanika. Istraživanje je planirano i sprovedeno prema etičkim principima u skladu sa Helsinškom deklaracijom. Svi parametri oksidativnog stresa, totalni oksidativni status (p<0,01), uznapredovali produkti oksidacije proteina (AOPP) (p<0,01) i tiobarbiturna kiselina reagujuće supstance (p<0,05) su bili značajno viši kod bolesnika sa oštećenom funkcijom bubrega u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike. Vrednosti Hb-h u obe grupe bolesnika su bile niže u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (p<0,001), dok je s druge strane RBC-Mh bio povišen kod bolesnika na hemodijalizi u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom (p<0,01). Zdravi ispitanici su imali značajno viši relativni udeo HDL2 subfrakcija u odnosu na bubrežne bolesnike (p<0,05). Koncentracija i aktivnost PON1 u serumu su bile značajno niže u obe grupe bolesnika u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike (p<0,001)...Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents condition that is characterized by numerous traditional and non-traditional risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation due to mutual interaction are factors that significantly contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is the main antioxidant enzyme on HDL particles, which has antiatherogenic potential by mechanisms that inhibit oxidation of low density lipoprotein particles (LDL). In accordance to in vitro studies reverse cholesterol transport could involve erythrocyte membranes that exchange free cholesterol (RBC-Mc) with other lipoproteins, as well as hemoglobin that temporarily removes excess of cholesterol by building Hbcholesterol complex (Hb-c). Numerous studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Also, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inadequate activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMP) as well as galectin-3 also contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis in these patients. The aim of this study was to examine the parameters of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in serum of patients with CKD, dialysis patients and healthy subjects. Also, this study was aimed at examining the influence of the mentioned risk factors on redox status in major lipoprotein fractions and on ECM remodeling. The aim was to calculate summary score of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation to evaluate the synergistic effect of these processes as well as the effect on oxidative stress status in lipoprotein fractions in patients with different degrees of renal impairment. The study included 77 patients with different stage of renal function impairment and 40 healthy subjects. The research is planned and implemented according to ethical principles in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Healthy subjects had a significantly higher percentage of HDL2 subfractions compared to renal patients (p <0.05). The values of Hb-c in both patients groups were lower than in control group (p <0.001), while values of RBC-Mc were elevated in dialysis patients compared to the control group (p <0.01). All parameters of oxidative stress, total oxidative status (p <0.01), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) (p <0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p <0.05) were significantly higher in patients with impaired renal function compared to healthy subjects. Concentration and activity of PON1 in serum were significantly lower in both groups of patients compared to healthy subjects (p <0.001). Arylesterase activity of PON1 was significantly lower in renal patients on HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses (p <0.001). It was found that after hemodialysis there was a significant increase in paraoxonase activity of PON1 (p <0.01), while arylesterase activity of PON1 was lower after dialysis (p <0.01)..

Effects of a combined thymol and carvacrol application on rat kidney damage parameters after L-arginine application

Thymol and carvacrol are two frequently abundant volatile monoterpene phenols found as constituents of different, widely used medicinal plants mainly belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The two compounds were previously proven to possess a large number of pharmacological/toxicological activities, including the nephroprotective activity. The present study aims to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of the two mentioned monoterpenes in L-arginine-induced rat kidney damage model. The potentials of thymol and carvacrol to alleviate kidney impairment were investigated using a different serum (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium) and homogenate (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-NGAL) parameters that reflect kidney tissue damage. Significant rat kidney damage, increased serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels, as well as NGAL tissue activity, followed the application of L-arginine (3.5 g/kg). Thymol (10 mg/kg), carvacrol (10 mg/kg) or their combination (1:1, w/w, 10 mg/kg) application prior to L-arginine reduced the kidney tissue damage based on the determined values of the previously mentioned parameters. The activity of the combination of the two monoterpenes was found to be more pronounced than the activity of the individual ones at the same total dose. These differences were clearly visible in the urea and potassium serum levels and in the NGAL tissue activity obtained from the corresponding experimental groups. Such greater nephroprotective potential of the combination of the two compounds could be attributed to a possible synergistic effect of the two volatile phenols, since they were proven alone to both possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, etc. activities

Oxidative stress status in blood and lipoprotein fractions in patients with chronic kidney disease

Hronična bolest bubrega (HBB) predstavlja stanje koje se karakteriše brojnim tradicionalnim i netradicionalnim faktorima rizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB). Dislipidemija, oksidativni stres i inflamacija zahvaljujući međusobnim interakcijama predstavljaju faktore koji značajno doprinose patogenezi i progresiji ateroskleroze kod bolesnika sa HBB. Paraoksonaza 1 (PON1) je glavni antioksidativni enzim na HDL česticama, koji svoj antiaterogeni potencijal ostvaruje mehanizmima koji sprečavaju oksidaciju lipoproteina niske gustine (LDL). Prema in vitro studijama u reverznom transportu holesterola mogu učestvovati i membrane eritrocita koje razmenjuju holesterol (RBC-Mh) sa drugim lipoproteinima, kao i hemoglobin koji privremeno uklanja višak holesterola tako što gradi Hb-holesterol kompleks (Hb-h). Brojne studije su pokazale da inflamacija ima važnu ulogu u inicijaciji i progresiji ateroskleroze. Takođe, remodelovanje ekstracelularnog matriksa (ECM) i neadekvatna aktivnost matriks metaloproteinaza (MMP) i tkivnih inhibitora matriks metaloproteinaza (TIMP), kao i galektin-3 doprinose napredovanju hronične bolesti bubrega i razvoju ateroskleroze kod ovih bolesnika. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitivanje parametara dislipidemije, oksidativnog stresa i inflamacije u krvi bolesnika sa HBB, bolesnika na hemodijalizi i zdravih ispitanika. Takođe, ova studija je imala za cilj i ispitivanje uticaja pomenutih faktora rizika na redoks status u glavnim lipoproteinskim frakcijama i na remodelovanje ECM. Cilj je bio i izračunati odgovarajuće skorove dislipidemije, oksidativnog stresa i inflamacije kako bi se procenio sinergistički efekat ovih procesa kao i efekat koji zajedno ostvaruju na oksidativno-stresni status u lipoproteinskim frakcijama kod bolesnika sa različitim stepenom bubrežnog oštećenja. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 77 bolesnika sa različitim stepenom oštećenja funkcije bubrega i 40 zdravih ispitanika. Istraživanje je planirano i sprovedeno prema etičkim principima u skladu sa Helsinškom deklaracijom. Svi parametri oksidativnog stresa, totalni oksidativni status (p<0,01), uznapredovali produkti oksidacije proteina (AOPP) (p<0,01) i tiobarbiturna kiselina reagujuće supstance (p<0,05) su bili značajno viši kod bolesnika sa oštećenom funkcijom bubrega u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike. Vrednosti Hb-h u obe grupe bolesnika su bile niže u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (p<0,001), dok je s druge strane RBC-Mh bio povišen kod bolesnika na hemodijalizi u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom (p<0,01). Zdravi ispitanici su imali značajno viši relativni udeo HDL2 subfrakcija u odnosu na bubrežne bolesnike (p<0,05). Koncentracija i aktivnost PON1 u serumu su bile značajno niže u obe grupe bolesnika u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike (p<0,001)...Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents condition that is characterized by numerous traditional and non-traditional risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation due to mutual interaction are factors that significantly contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is the main antioxidant enzyme on HDL particles, which has antiatherogenic potential by mechanisms that inhibit oxidation of low density lipoprotein particles (LDL). In accordance to in vitro studies reverse cholesterol transport could involve erythrocyte membranes that exchange free cholesterol (RBC-Mc) with other lipoproteins, as well as hemoglobin that temporarily removes excess of cholesterol by building Hbcholesterol complex (Hb-c). Numerous studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Also, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inadequate activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMP) as well as galectin-3 also contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis in these patients. The aim of this study was to examine the parameters of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in serum of patients with CKD, dialysis patients and healthy subjects. Also, this study was aimed at examining the influence of the mentioned risk factors on redox status in major lipoprotein fractions and on ECM remodeling. The aim was to calculate summary score of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation to evaluate the synergistic effect of these processes as well as the effect on oxidative stress status in lipoprotein fractions in patients with different degrees of renal impairment. The study included 77 patients with different stage of renal function impairment and 40 healthy subjects. The research is planned and implemented according to ethical principles in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Healthy subjects had a significantly higher percentage of HDL2 subfractions compared to renal patients (p <0.05). The values of Hb-c in both patients groups were lower than in control group (p <0.001), while values of RBC-Mc were elevated in dialysis patients compared to the control group (p <0.01). All parameters of oxidative stress, total oxidative status (p <0.01), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) (p <0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p <0.05) were significantly higher in patients with impaired renal function compared to healthy subjects. Concentration and activity of PON1 in serum were significantly lower in both groups of patients compared to healthy subjects (p <0.001). Arylesterase activity of PON1 was significantly lower in renal patients on HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses (p <0.001). It was found that after hemodialysis there was a significant increase in paraoxonase activity of PON1 (p <0.01), while arylesterase activity of PON1 was lower after dialysis (p <0.01)..

Inheritance of Some Grapevine Properties in Progeny from Direct and Reciprocal Crossing of Cultivars 'Smederevka' and 'Red Traminer'

Variability and inheritance of important agronomic, biological, and technological characteristics of grapevine in two hybrid progeny obtained by direct and reciprocal crosses of cultivars 'Smederevka' and 'Red Traminer', were investigated in this study. F-1 seedlings from both cross combinations showed high level of variability for all examined properties. Coefficient of variation in both direct and reciprocal crosses showed the lowest value for sugar content in the must (5.9% and 6.4%, respectively) and the highest value for grape yield per hectare (63.2% and 63.7%, respectively). In both cross combination, for majority of characteristics, the same mode of inheritance was established, except for ripening time. From all examined characteristics, important influence of cytoplasm factors was determined only for inheritance of flowering time and ripening time

Influence of different acids for adjusting the dyebath ph value on the dyeability of polyester knitwear dyed with disperse yellow 23

In this paper the influence of the formic and oxalic acids, as substances for dyebath pH adjusting, on the dyeability of polyester fabric dyed with disperse dye Disperse Yellow 23 was examined. The polyester undyed knitwear samples were dyed in baths containing the acids under the same dyeing conditions. Color differences of the samples were assessed using the reflectiometry technique and expressed in terms of CIELcoordinates. The influence of the tested acids on the surface structure of dyed polyester fibers was examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the differences in obtained dyeabilities, in the presence of both formic and oxalic acid, are acceptable according to both M&amp;S 83A and CMC (2:1) standards which was not the case with acetic acid. Therefore, acetic acid can be replaced with either formic or oxalic acid as substances for dyebath pH adjusting in the dyeing process described in this paper. SEM micrographs showed small differences in the surface structure of dyed fibers, as well as differences in the shape of undyed samples’ reflectance curves in presence of the acids. Since all of the color differences were quite small, it can be concluded that the influence of formic and oxalic acids on the polyester knitwear dyeability is not significantly different than that of acetic acid

Neural network-based calibration for accuracy improvement in lateration positioning system

Mobile robot positioning is a crucial problem in modern industrial autonomous solutions. Lateration Positioning Systems base on the distance measurements to estimate the object's position. These measurements are however often affected by numerous sources of noise: obstacles, multi-pathing, signal propagation speed etc. Effective calibration methods are therefore required to eliminate these errors to achieve precise positioning. In this paper, we present the application of neural networks to improve the accuracy of a UWB lateration system. We present the network architecture and demonstrate how it can be used to alleviate the effects of multi-pathing and environment anisotropy in a real positioning setup. We furthermore compare the efficiency of the neural network with the state-of-the-art calibration methods

Duration of valproic acid monotherapy correlates with subclinical thyroid dysfunction in children with epilepsy

Aim. To identify potential risk factors for the development of subclinical hypothyroidism following long-term valproic acid monotherapy in children with epilepsy. Methods. Serumlevels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyreoglobulin antibodies, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were determined in 41 patients and in 41 sex- And age-matched healthy children. Results. Meanvalproic acid treatment durationwas 2.80?}1.96 years. The valproic acid group had higher serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (p lt 0.001) and free triiodothyronine (p lt 0.05) levels compared to the control group. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free triiodothyronine were above the upper limit for healthy controls in 34% and 32% of patients, respectively, and no clinical features of thyroid dysfunction were observed. Duration of valproic acid monotherapy for less than four years was a risk factor for elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Conclusion. One third of children with normal range serum valproic acid levels may have elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free triiodothyronine levels, especially in the first four years of treatment

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of iron doped mullite

Amorphous powders of iron doped 3:2 mullite (3Al(2)O(3)center dot 2SiO(2)) were prepared by sol-gel combustion process using ethanol-water solutions of Al(III) nitrate, Fe(III) nitrate, TEOS and urea. Compositions up to 15 wt% of Fe2O3 were investigated. After combustion and heat treatment at 800 degrees C for 4 h, XRD analysis confirmed that the powders were amorphous. This is in agreement with the thermodynamic predictions that direct formation of mullite has not occurred during the aluminum nitrate - urea combustion reaction. XRD patterns of uniaxially pressed and sintered pellets at 1550 degrees C for 4 h revealed the crystal structure of orthorhombic mullite. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume increases as the mullite solid solutions were enriched by iron. The TGA/DSC analysis showed the reducing of crystallization temperature of iron doped mullites with increasing of iron content in reaction mixtures. The mullitization reaction is two-step process including formation of transient spinel phase below 1000 degrees C and mullite crystallization at temperatures about 1200 degrees C. The SEM micrographs of the sintered samples reveal elongated mullite grains with grain length up to 40 mu m. Increasing of the iron content in the reaction mixture enhances the grain size and the grains become elongated and better packed increasing the density of sintered samples

Characterization of pH resistance and the proteolytic activity of GABA producing Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 in preparation of fermented milk beverage and the effects on the symptoms of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this work was to study the probiotic effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental animal MS model. Clinical EAE symptoms were monitored in Dark Agouti (DA) rats treated with L. brevis BGZLS10-17 strain, or supernatant obtained from 48 h culture of L. brevis BGZLS10-17 cultivated in growth medium with or without GABA precursor monosodium glutamate (MSG). The results revealed that oral administration of L. brevis BGZLS10-17 alleviates the symptoms of EAE in DA rats. Namely, treatment with BGZLS10-17 and the supernatant of the strain cultivated in medium with MSG delayed the onset, shortened the duration, and reduced the intensity of the disease in the period when the EAE symptoms in controls were most pronounced. The probiotic treated animals were completely recovered after forty days, unlike the control animals. The results indicate that supplementation with live strain or with supernatant containing GABA produced by L. brevis BGZLS10-17 could alleviate the EAE symptoms. However, the use of L. brevis BGZLS10-17 in functional food as probiotic for autoimmune diseases should be tested in clinical trials

Antibacterial ability of immobilized silver nanoparticles in agar-agar films co-doped with magnesium ions

The antibacterial ability of in situ prepared nanometer-sized silver particles, immobilized in agar-agar films, was studied as a function of the concentration of co-dopant, magnesium ions. Content of inorganic components in hybrid films was determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectroscopy, and found to be low (<2 wt.-%). Morphology of prepared hybrid films, studied by transmission electron microscopy, revealed the presence of non-agglomerated and randomly distributed 10–20 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the agar-agar matrices. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the distinct chemical interaction between Ag NPs and polymer chains. Thermogravimetric analysis, as well as the determination of tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break showed improvement of thermal stability and mechanical properties of agar-agar matrices upon the incorporation of Ag NPs due to high compatibility between the hydrophilic organic component and inorganic components. The complete microbial reduction of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureuswas observed for all agar-silver films, while satisfactory results were observed for Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (≥99.6%). The release of Ag+ ions is suppressed by the increase of the concentration of Mg2+ ions and it was found to be significantly smaller (≤0.24 ppm) than the harmful ecological level (1 ppm). © 2019 Elsevier Lt