Why using a general model in Solvency II is not a good idea : an explanation from a Bayesian point of view

The passing of Directive 2009/138/CE (Solvency II) has opened a new era in the European insurance market. According to this new regulatory environment, the volume of own resources will be determined depending on the risks that any insurer would be holding. So, nowadays, the model to estimate the amount of economic capital is one of the most important elements. The Directive establishes that the European entities can use a general model to perform these tasks. However, this situation is far from being optimal because the calibration of the general model has been made using figures that reflects and average behaviour. This paper shows that not all the companies operating in a specific market has the same risk profile. For this reason, it is unsatisfactory to use a general model for all of them. We use the PAM clustering method and afterwards some Bayesian tools to check the results previously obtained. Analysed data (public information belonging to Spanish insurance companies about balance sheets and income statements from 1998 to 2007) comes from the DGSFP (Spanish insurance regulator).Solvency II, PAM, Longitudinal multinomial model

Lorenz-Mie scattering of focused light via complex focus fields: an analytic treatment

The Lorenz-Mie scattering of a wide class of focused electromagnetic fields off spherical particles is studied. The focused fields in question are constructed through complex focal displacements, leading to closed-form expressions that can exhibit several interesting physical properties, such as orbital and/or spin angular momentum, spatially-varying polarization, and a controllable degree of focusing. These fields constitute complete bases that can be considered as nonparaxial extensions of the standard Laguerre-Gauss beams and the recently proposed polynomials-of-Gaussians beams. Their analytic form turns out to lead also to closed-form expressions for their multipolar expansion. Such expansion can be used to compute the field scattered by a spherical particle and the resulting forces and torques exerted on it, for any relative position between the field's focus and the particle.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

The Mental Construction of Reality in James Joyce

[Abstract] The purpose of this study is to analyse how James Joyce builds a large part of his narrative through a verbal tissue that is born from the cognitive experience, from the deep interaction between mind and environment. Beyond the psychoanalytic approach or Psychological realism, Joyce, particularly in Ulysses, displays this reading of reality in which a series of cognitive events form a narrative continuum. Reality appears before us through the perceptions of the protagonists, and that is the reason why we only access an incomplete view of reality itself. Partiality or incompleteness is a fundamental characteristic of Ulysses. However, Joyce aspires to build up a coherent and solid universe. Joyce creates a continuous reality through the semantic flow, often chaotic and blurry. Joycean language reveals the inconsistencies and instabilities of one's life, when it is impossible to transmit what cannot be apprehended completely, whether due to mental dysfunctions, hallucinations or other causes, as in Finnegans Wake. In this study, we also consider etymology as a tool that provides stability and linguistic richness to Joyce’s narrative, although subjecting it to hard transformations or mutation processes. Joyce finds great stylistic possibilities in the words used as semantic repositories that come from the past, and, with his passion for language, is able to build cognitive moments that rely on etymology. In the light of the most recent cognitive theories applied to Joyce's work, this study shows how the combination of mind, body and environment builds reality in Joyce, especially in Ulysses, overcoming traditional analyses around the inner monologue or the individual mind. Confirming previous studies, we consider that Joyce builds reality through microhistories, sketches, discursive or introspective cognitive events. However, to form a continuous substrate, that contributes to the construction of identity in Ulysses, Joyce deploys strategic frameworks, such as paternity or adultery.[Resumen] El propósito de este estudio es analizar cómo James Joyce construye una gran parte de su narrativa a través de un tejido verbal que nace de la experiencia cognitiva, de la interacción profunda entre la mente y el entorno. Más allá del enfoque psicoanalítico o del realismo psicológico, Joyce, particularmente en Ulises, muestra esta lectura de la realidad en la que una serie de eventos cognitivos forman un continuo narrativo. La realidad aparece ante nosotros a través de las percepciones de los protagonistas, y esa es la razón por la cual solo accedemos a una visión incompleta de la realidad misma. La parcialidad o incompletitud es una característica fundamental de Ulises. Sin embargo, Joyce aspira a construir un universo coherente y sólido. Joyce crea una realidad continua a través del flujo semántico, a menudo caótico y borroso. El lenguaje de Joyce revela las inconsistencias e inestabilidades de la vida, cuando es imposible transmitir lo que no puede ser aprehendido por completo, ya sea debido a disfunciones mentales, alucinaciones u otras causas, como en Finnegans Wake. En este estudio, también consideramos la etimología como una herramienta que proporciona estabilidad y riqueza lingüística a la narrativa de Joyce, aunque la somete a transformaciones difíciles o procesos de mutación. Joyce encuentra grandes posibilidades estilísticas en las palabras utilizadas como depósitos semánticos que provienen del pasado y, con su pasión por el lenguaje, es capaz de construir momentos cognitivos que dependen de la etimología. A la luz de las teorías cognitivas más recientes aplicadas al trabajo de Joyce, este estudio muestra cómo la combinación de mente, cuerpo y entorno construye la realidad en Joyce, especialmente en Ulises, superando los análisis tradicionales en torno al monólogo interior o la mente individual. Confirmando estudios previos, consideramos que Joyce construye la realidad a través de microhistorias, bocetos, eventos cognitivos discursivos o introspectivos. Pero, para formar un sustrato continuo, que contribuya a la construcción de la identidad en Ulises, Joyce despliega marcos estratégicos, como la paternidad o el adulterio

Effects of injection pressure on network throughput

©2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.Recent parallel systems use multiple injection ports and various injection policies, but little is known about their impact on network performance. This paper evaluates the influence that these injection interfaces have on maximum sustained throughput in adaptive cut-through torus networks by modeling the number of injection queues (1 or 4), and the allocation of new packets to those queues. Network evaluations for medium to large size 2D tori show that designs with multiple injection ports do not improve performance under uniform traffic. On the contrary, they result in more pressure from the injection interface to acquire the scarce network resources of an already clogged system. Interestingly, for small networks, a single injection FIFO queue, with the HOLB it entails, indirectly provides the much needed injection control. For networks with thousands of nodes and multiple injection channels, as those being implemented in current massively parallel processors, this implicit form of congestion control is not enough. In such systems, restrictive injection policies are required to prevent routers from being flooded with new packets for loads beyond saturation.C. Izu, J. Miguel-Alonso, J.A. Gregori

The one nucleon transfer operator in the microscopic IBM without NOA

The mapping of the single fermion creation operator (ci†) onto the Interacting Boson-Fermion space (IBFM) is revisited within the Generalized Seniority scheme. In the original work the Number Operator Approximation (NOA) was used. Here the exact evaluation of the relevant terms using exact values for the fermion matrix elements in the Generalized Seniority scheme is worked out. This provides a new, improved, single particle transfer operator to be used in IBFM.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2011-28738-c02-01Junta de Andalucía FQM-160 y Project P11-FQM-7632Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN CSD2007-0004

Odd-even 147–153Pm isotopes within the neutron-proton interacting boson-fermion model

Low-lying energy states of the 147 -153Pm isotopic chain are studied within the framework of the neutron-proton interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM-2). The spectra of these isotopes show a transition from a particle coupled to a vibrational core to a particle coupled to a deformed one. The calculation reproduces this behavior. In addition, reduced transition probabilities B(E2) and B(M1) and quadrupole and magnetic moments, as well as spectroscopic factors corresponding to stripping and pickup transfer reactions, are calculated. Obtained results compare well with the available experimental data, which reinforces the reliability of the wave functions obtained within the IBFM-2 model.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) FIS2009-07277 FIS2008-04189CPAN-Ingenio CSPD-2007-00042Junta de Andalucía FQM160 P07-FQM-0296

One nucleon transfer operator and nuclear supersymmetry

The appropriate use of the interacting boson-fermion model one nucleon transfer operator in connection with nuclear supersymmetries is discussed. We emphasize that care must be taken in using the same coupling order, either l-s or s-l, in the odd particle creation operator appearing in the one nucleon transfer operator and in the wave function of the odd-A nucleus. As an example, we have recalculated consistently the one nucleon transfer strengths for the 196Pt→195Pt one neutron pickup reaction which is the best known example of dynamical nuclear supersymmetry. In addition, we present for the same reaction the results of several calculations considering different truncations in the boson-fermion expansion of the fermion creation operator.DGI BFM2002-0331

La tercera revolución : comunicación, tecnología y su nomenclatura en inglés

[Resumen] La informacion es, hoy en dia, un elemento esencial en la toma de decisiones por parte de los grupos de poder. Las tecnologias que la hacen posible forman un conglomerado de conceptos y de terminos, la mayoria de ellos originalmente en ingles. Aunque lo verdaderamente significativo de las nuevas tecnologias es que se hallan siempre en constante evolucion. En los inicios del siglo XXI, en los que nos encontramos, resulta evidente que estamos inmersos en una tercera revolucion: la de la tecnologia de la comunicacion y la de Internet. Y todos sabemos que el conocimiento de esta tecnologia resulta irrenunciable, no solo en el puesto de trabajo, sino en el ocio, en la calle y en el hogar. A lo largo del texto, descubriremos el cumulo de conceptos y terminos que conforman el universo de las tecnologias de la informacion y de la comunicacion (TICs). Tanto los mas elementales como los mas complejos. Asi, el lector podra recorrer desde los componentes fisicos del propio ordenador, junto con el sistema operativo, el software de produccion, las redes de comunicacion, Internet, los sistemas de informacion, la produccion del propio software, etc., hasta las consideraciones eticas derivadas de todo el proceso de cambio que conlleva la revolucion actual, ademas de un analisis de las principales salidas laborales derivadas de las TICs. Pero el libro quiere ir mas alla, como se manifiesta desde el primer capitulo, La era tecnologica. Quiere analizar el enorme impacto de Internet y de la realidad virtual en nuestras vidas, aventurar el futuro que nos espera a la luz de los ultimos avances tecnologicos y, en suma, profundizar en los cambios drasticos que nuestra sociedad y nuestros modos de vida experimentaran en los proximos años. Cambios que, de hecho, estamos experimentando ya

β-decay rates of 121–131Cs in the microscopic interacting boson-fermion model

β -decay rates of 121–131 Cs have been calculated in the framework of the neutron-proton interacting boson- fermion model (IBFM-2). For odd- A nuclei, the decay operator can be written in a relatively simple form in terms of the one-nucleon transfer operator. Previous studies of β decay in IBFM-2 were based on a transfer operator obtained by using the number operator approximation (NOA). In this work a new form of the one-nucleon transfer operator, derived microscopically without the NOA approximation, is used. The results from both approaches are compared and show that the deviation from experimental data is reduced without using the NOA approximation. Indications about the renormalization of the Fermi and Gamow-Teller matrix elements are discussed. This is a further step toward a more complete description of low-lying states in medium and heavy nuclei which is necessary to compute reliable matrix elements in studies of current active interest such as double- β decay or neutrino absorption experimentsMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España) FIS2014-53448-C2-1-PConsejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía FQM-160 P11-FQM-763