Foreign National Doctoral Students In U.S. Economics Programs

This paper examines why enrollment of foreign national students in U.S. economics graduate programs increased so dramatically since the 1960s.   New information regarding the “stay rates” of foreign national students is examined.  The paper concludes that growth in the number of  foreign national economics graduate students was related to the quality of U.S. graduate programs, growth in foreign social science baccalaureate degree awards, growing foreign incomes, and movement of foreign economies towards markets.  These trends were especially pronounced in Asia, where most foreign national economics students are from

Earnings And Job Satisfaction Of US Science And Engineering Baccalaureate Recipients With Advanced Degrees

Using 2003 US data, this paper examines job satisfaction and economic returns to science and engineering (STEM) baccalaureate recipients who obtain STEM PhDs or professional degrees in the fields of law, MBA, medicine, and MS engineering. The salient finding of this research is that the future STEM PhD supply will largely be determined by the availability of tenured academic positions. Despite inferior economic returns, job satisfaction for STEM PhD recipients significantly exceeds that of other professional degree recipients except for medicine. Superior job satisfaction for STEM PhDs results almost entirely from employment in tenured academic positions. 55 percent of STEM PhDs working outside the academic sector have similar job satisfaction compared to professional degree recipients but without the economic rewards. This analysis further suggests STEM PhDs would not have higher job satisfaction if they had completed degrees in medicine or law instead of PhDs. The policy to increase STEM PhD employment in the US economy has focused on supply. The findings of this paper indicate that a demand-side focus may be a more effective policy and that the future STEM PhD supply will be largely driven by the availability of full-time tenure-track academic job openings.

Applied imagination

Imagination is a fundamental human capacity, and to navigate our current global challenges, we need to define and encourage the practice of imagination, or what we term “applied imagination.” In this study, we convened a series of focus groups or “virtual salons” to address three guiding questions: (1) How might we define imagination? (2) How might we (or should we) measure imagination? And (3) How might we foster imagination? Our efforts to define applied imagination highlight the crucial role imagination plays in human survival and thriving, the role of social forces in fostering or discouraging imagination, the connection between imagination and faith, and the “dark side” or maladaptive aspects of imagination. The discussions on measuring imagination were quite divided, with some salon participants arguing for the potential of indirect modes for measuring imaginative capacity while others argued that measuring imagination was functionally impossible and morally suspect. Finally, our results around fostering imagination suggest the importance of using play and humor, separating imaginative activities from the everyday, and employing constraints to prompt imaginative responses. We end with a discussion of possible directions for future research and a call to create a transdisciplinary field of imagination studies

The Evolution of [OII] Emission from Cluster Galaxies

We investigate the evolution of the star formation rate in cluster galaxies. We complement data from the CNOC1 cluster survey (0.15<z<0.6) with measurements from galaxy clusters in the 2dF galaxy redshift survey (0.05<z<0.1) and measurements from recently published work on higher redshift clusters, up to almost z=1. We focus our attention on galaxies in the cluster core, ie. galaxies with r<0.7h^{-1}_{70}Mpc. Averaging over clusters in redshift bins, we find that the fraction of galaxies with strong [OII] emission is < 20% in cluster cores, and the fraction evolves little with redshift. In contrast, field galaxies from the survey show a very strong increase over the same redshift range. It thus appears that the environment in the cores of rich clusters is hostile to star formation at all the redshifts studied. We compare this result with the evolution of the colours of galaxies in cluster cores, first reported by Butcher & Oemler (1984). Using the same galaxies for our analysis of the [OII] emission, we confirm that the fraction of blue galaxies, which are defined as galaxies 0.2 mag bluer in the rest frame B-V than the red sequence of each cluster, increases strongly with redshift. Since the colours of galaxies retain a memory of their recent star formation history, while emission from the [OII] line does not, we suggest that these two results can best be reconciled if the rate at which the clusters are being assembled is higher in the past, and the galaxies from which it is being assembled are typically bluer.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Cardiac Troponin I Are Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients

Approximately 200,000 kidney transplant recipients are living in the US; they are at increased risk for cardiovascular and other adverse outcomes. Biomarkers predicting these outcomes are needed. Using specimens collected during the FAVORIT (Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation) trial, we determined whether plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I are associated with adverse outcomes in stable kidney transplant recipients

Genome3D: integrating a collaborative data pipeline to expand the depth and breadth of consensus protein structure annotation.

Genome3D (https://www.genome3d.eu) is a freely available resource that provides consensus structural annotations for representative protein sequences taken from a selection of model organisms. Since the last NAR update in 2015, the method of data submission has been overhauled, with annotations now being 'pushed' to the database via an API. As a result, contributing groups are now able to manage their own structural annotations, making the resource more flexible and maintainable. The new submission protocol brings a number of additional benefits including: providing instant validation of data and avoiding the requirement to synchronise releases between resources. It also makes it possible to implement the submission of these structural annotations as an automated part of existing internal workflows. In turn, these improvements facilitate Genome3D being opened up to new prediction algorithms and groups. For the latest release of Genome3D (v2.1), the underlying dataset of sequences used as prediction targets has been updated using the latest reference proteomes available in UniProtKB. A number of new reference proteomes have also been added of particular interest to the wider scientific community: cow, pig, wheat and mycobacterium tuberculosis. These additions, along with improvements to the underlying predictions from contributing resources, has ensured that the number of annotations in Genome3D has nearly doubled since the last NAR update article. The new API has also been used to facilitate the dissemination of Genome3D data into InterPro, thereby widening the visibility of both the annotation data and annotation algorithms

allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation hct in the eighth decade of life how much does age matter

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Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for re-activation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance practice after peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

During the peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, alterations of standard operating procedures were necessary for health systems to protect patients and healthcare workers and ensure access to vital hospital resources. As the peak phase passes, re-activation plans are required to safely manage increasing clinical volumes. In the context of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), re-activation objectives include continued performance of urgent CMR studies and resumption of CMR in patients with semi-urgent and elective indications in an environment that is safe for both patients and health care workers