Glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in wind-blown material under field conditions

Agricultural intensification in fragile arid and semiarid environments has led to an increase in soil degradation, mainly through wind erosion. Argentina is an agricultural and cattle-farming country, which has increased its productivity in the last few decades, widening the boundaries of farm land and the use of herbicides to control weeds. Glyphosate, which accounts for 65% of the Argentinian pesticides market, is strongly retained in soil. The World Health Organization concluded that there was evidence to classify glyphosate as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans.’ In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and concentration of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in wind-blown material in 3 areas in Argentine semiarid regions (Chaco, La Pampa, and San Luis). In 1-ha2 plots, left uncovered and levelled, the wind-blown material was collected at heights of 13.5, 50, and 150 cm during 18 erosion events. The wind-blown material carried by the wind at a height of 150 cm had concentrations of 247 and 218 μg kg−1 of glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. This material was enriched 60 times in glyphosate and 3 times in AMPA as compared with the original soil. This shows that the eroded material can, potentially, have a negative impact on the ecosystem and also on human health, depending on the proportion of this material released into the atmosphere in suspension as particulate matter. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to report concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in wind-blown material under field conditions.Fil: Aparicio, Virginia Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aimar, Silvia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: de Gerónimo, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Mariano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Jose Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Policy Effects in Applied Microeconomic Settings

In my first chapter, I estimate the effect of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on sugary drink consumption and prices in Berkeley, CA using grocery scanner data from treated city Berkeley, CA and control city Boulder, CO from 2014 to 2015. The triple-differences estimation procedure interacts manufacturers and treated products to uncover differential effects that major manufacturers might have on prices and consumption of their products. Failing to include manufacturers understates the price effect and obscures important substitution patterns. Pepsi and Dr. Pepper pass through over 50% of the tax, Coke passes through 23% of the tax, and private label sugary drink prices do not change. Similarly, including the differential consumption effect by manufacturer shows that small decreases in sales of major brands are offset by an increase in sales of private label products.In my second paper, I analyze the effects of placing mandatory or voluntary labels in the market for genetically modified (GM) foods. I model this market by building a two-stage supply chain with an upstream multiproduct monopolist facing a competitive fringe and downstream free-entry Cournot competition. Contrary to the seed suppliers' public narrative, I find that most agents in the model benefit more from mandatory labels than voluntary when the upper bound of the willingness-to-pay distribution, θ, is large. Welfare analysis shows that consumers prefer mandatory labels when θ is large and, surprisingly, that the monopolist GM seed supplier benefits more from mandatory labels in this situation as well. Extensions of this work to empirically estimate the values of exogenous parameters, especially θ, can determine the differences in total surplus as well as the real-life policy implications of GM food labels. In my third paper, my coauthors and I use unique household-level data on observed choice of residential internet access service to estimate demand and supply for fixed broadband internet access and simulate a price subsidy on high-speed service. Demand is estimated with a random utility discrete choice model in which price sensitivity varies across income groups, and marginal cost parameters and equilibrium market shares are recovered from the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium pricing equations of internet service providers in a representative market. We discuss the framework for simulating the effects of a universal service subsidy in a representative market

Niveles de distrés peri-traumático relacionado a la COVID-19 en el personal de salud en un hospital público, Lima - 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el nivel de distrés peri-traumático del profesional médico, no médico y técnico, fue de tipo aplicada, con diseño no experimental, descriptivo - comparativo, transversal, la muestra estuvo constituida por 17 médicos, 47 profesionales no médicos y 37 técnicos, la técnica fue el cuestionario y el instrumento empleado fue el Índice de Distrés Peri-traumático relacionado con la enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019, validado por Pedraz y colaboradores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 46.8% de profesionales no médicos sufren un nivel medio de distrés, mientras que el 70.6% de médicos un nivel bajo, así mismo, el 39.7% del personal femenino, sufre un nivel medio de distrés y el 60.5% varones un nivel bajo, por otro lado, el personal con más de 40 años de edad presenta el 56% de distrés en un nivel medio y el 77.3% del personal con edades de 36-40 años, presentan un nivel bajo; concluyendo que se encontró diferencia significativa (p=0.044) del nivel de distrés entre los médicos, profesionales no médicos y técnicos, mientras que no se halló diferencia alguna entre el personal de género masculino y femenino y entre el personal de los diferentes grupos etarios (p=0.983 y p=0.022)

Música académica argentina para marimba de finales del siglo XX y su relación con las músicas populares

En Argentina -hacia finales del siglo XX- se comienza a percibir un panorama musical más globalizado. Los compositores, que ya vienen con una sólida formación académica, expanden sus ideas hacia nuevas experimentaciones en una búsqueda de su estética personal. Por otro lado, hay una inquietud de crear un repertorio universal original para la marimba de concierto que surge inicialmente en países como Estados Unidos, Francia y Japón a mediados del siglo XX. Este mismo fenómeno se repite en Argentina, pero por otros factores, como la falta y escasez de accesibilidad a los materiales de ese repertorio internacional. El percusionista argentino Ángel Frette fue uno de los intérpretes que difundió la música escrita en nuestro país para este instrumento. Actualmente, estas obras musicales son reconocidas mundialmente e incluidas en festivales internacionales de marimba. De este repertorio, se corresponden las seis obras abordadas en este trabajo de investigación que se citan a continuación: Zamba para escuchar tu silencio (1993) para marimba sola y Ritual y su metáfora (1995) para marimba solista y ensamble de percusión de Guillo Espel, Loncomeo de los niños (1997) para conjunto de cámara de Alejandro Lemos, A Tango for Gary (1999) para marimba sola de Saúl Cosentino, Tres piezas alrededor de la ciudad (1998) para marimba solista y ensamble de percusión de Martín Liut y Buenos Aires 2 escenas (2003) para conjunto de cámara de Carlos Passeggi..

Cinco propuestas latinoamericanas de flauta y percusión

Esta investigación se centra en composiciones para flauta y percusión de compositores latinoamericanos nacidos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Dentro de las obras seleccionadas introducen elementos de la música popular de sus países de origen en intersección con la música académica del siglo XX. Este tipo de repertorio no es muy difundido en Argentina y sólo llega a un público muy reducido. La utilización de ciertos tópicos posiciona a las obras como producciones que manifiestan una identidad nacional y una pertenencia a la cultura latinoamericana. Las obras seleccionadas para el Concierto-Tesis pertenecen al repertorio de música de cámara y están presentes una gran variedad de recursos tímbricos y texturales tanto en la percusión como en la flauta. En cuanto a la metodología se realizaron entrevistas a los compositores; recolección y selección de material bibliográfico y partituras; análisis para dilucidar elementos populares; estudio técnico e interpretativo.Fil: Mendez, Lourdes Virginia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Artes y Diseño

Mammographic Findings after Intraoperative Radiotherapy of the Breast

Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) is a form of accelerated partial breast radiation that has been shown to be equivalent to conventional whole breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in terms of local cancer control. However, questions have been raised about the potential of f IORT to produce breast parenchymal changes that could interfere with mammographic surveillance of cancer recurrence. The purpose of this study was to identify, quantify, and compare the mammographic findings of patients who received IORT and EBRT in a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial of women with early stage invasive breast cancer undergoing breast conserving therapy between July 2005 and December 2009. Treatment groups were compared with regard to the 1, 2 and 4-year incidence of 6 post-operative mammographic findings: architectural distortion, skin thickening, skin retraction, calcifications, fat necrosis, and mass density. Blinded review of 90 sets of mammograms of 15 IORT and 16 EBRT patients demonstrated a higher incidence of fat necrosis among IORT recipients at years 1, 2, and 4. However, none of the subjects were judged to have suspicious mammogram findings and fat necrosis did not interfere with mammographic interpretation

Bar pattern speeds in CALIFA galaxies

Context. About 35% of the nearby disc galaxies host a weak bar for which different formation scenarios, including the weakening of a strong bar and tidal interaction with a companion, have been suggested. Measuring the bar pattern speeds of a sample of weakly barred galaxies is a key step in constraining their formation process, but such a systematic investigation is still missing. Aims. We investigated the formation process of weak bars by measuring their properties in a sample of 29 nearby weakly barred galaxies, spanning a wide range of morphological types and luminosities. The sample galaxies were selected to have an intermediate inclination, a bar at an intermediate angle between the disc minor and major axes, and an undisturbed morphology and kinematics to allow the direct measurement of the bar pattern speed. Combining our analysis with previous studies, we compared the properties of weak and strong bars. Methods. We measured the bar radius and strength from the r band images available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and bar pattern speed and corotation radius from the stellar kinematics obtained by the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey. We derived the bar rotation rate as the ratio between the corotation and bar radii. Results. Thirteen out of 29 galaxies (45%), which were morphologically classified as weakly barred from a visual inspection, do not actually host a bar component or their central elongated component is not in rigid rotation. We successfully derived the bar pattern speed in 16 objects. Two of them host an ultrafast bar. Using the bar strength to differentiate between weak and strong bars, we found that the weakly barred galaxies host shorter bars with smaller corotation radii than their strongly barred counterparts. Weak and strong bars have similar bar pattern speeds and rotation rates, which are all consistent with being fast. We did not observe any difference between the bulge prominence in weakly and strongly barred galaxies, whereas nearly all the weak bars reside in the disc inner parts, contrary to strong bars. Conclusions. We ruled out that the bar weakening is only related to the bulge prominence and that the formation of weak bars is triggered by the tidal interaction with a companion. Our observational results suggest that weak bars may be evolved systems exchanging less angular momentum with other galactic components than strong bars

La dialéctica de los cambios ambientales El antagonismo del cambio climático

The essay feature the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the antagonistic group of Skeptical scientists who promote Global Warming. The aim was to analyze both positions that deal with the origin or causes of the environmental changes that exist to date. Literature in different databases was reviewed to argue its characteristics through the epistemic exercise that applies critical dialectics in the comparison of the concepts Climate Change and Global Warming. As a result, the synthesis was elaborated to understand both positions analyzed from their strengths as a result of critical thinking. The essay contributes so that the readers understand and appropriate clear perspectives of the positions, regarding common themes. In addition, the bases were provided to create awareness regarding the temporality of environmental changes, their effects, consequences and their mitigation. It was concluded that even today, although the proven effects of an ecological imbalance are observed or not, there is a reality in the majority of humanity of a lack of collective consciousness that is harmful to living beings and the environment.El ensayo presenta al Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático y al grupo antagónico de científicos Escépticos que promueven el Calentamiento Global. El objetivo fue analizar ambas posturas que tratan del origen o causas de los cambios ambientales que existen a la fecha. Se revisó literatura en diferentes bases de datos para argumentar sus características a través del ejercicio epistémico que aplica la dialéctica crítica en la comparación de los conceptos Cambio Climático y Calentamiento Global. Como resultado se elaboró la síntesis para comprender ambas posturas analizadas desde sus fortalezas como resultado del pensamiento crítico. El ensayo contribuye para que los lectores comprendan y se apropien de perspectivas claras de las posturas, con respecto de temas en común. Además, fueron proporcionadas las bases para crear conciencia con respecto a la temporalidad de los cambios en el medio ambiente, sus efectos, consecuencias y su mitigación. Se concluyó que aún en la actualidad, aunque se observan los efectos comprobados o no de un desequilibrio ecológico, existe una realidad en la mayoría de la humanidad de una falta de conciencia colectiva dañina para los seres vivos y el medio ambiente

Spectral and timing evolution of the black hole transient MAXI J1727-203 with NICER

MAXI J1727-203 is a new X-ray transient discovered on 5 June 2018. A hard-to-soft state transition at the beginning of the outburst led to the identification as a black hole candidate. MAXI J1727-203 was monitored with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) on an almost daily basis from the beginning of the outburst. We present a spectral and timing analysis of the full outburst of the source, which lasted approximately four months. A preliminary spectral analysis suggest that the accretion disk component can was detected throughout the entire outburst, with temperatures ranging from ~0.4 keV (in the soft state), down to ~0.2 keV near the end of the outburst when the source was in the hard state. The power spectrum in the hard state shows broadband noise up to 10 Hz, with no detection of any quasi-periodic oscillations. We argue that the system's characteristics are not consistent with those expected for a neutron star and that they are particularly reminiscent of the black hole X-ray binaries XTE J1118+480 and Cyg X-1