1,508 research outputs found
Semi-classical Green kernel asymptotics for the Dirac operator
We consider a semi-classical Dirac operator in arbitrary spatial dimensions
with a smooth potential whose partial derivatives of any order are bounded by
suitable constants. We prove that the distribution kernel of the inverse
operator evaluated at two distinct points fulfilling a certain hypothesis can
be represented as the product of an exponentially decaying factor involving an
associated Agmon distance and some amplitude admitting a complete asymptotic
expansion in powers of the semi-classical parameter. Moreover, we find an
explicit formula for the leading term in that expansion.Comment: 46 page
The Origin of the Designability of Protein Structures
We examined what determines the designability of 2-letter codes (H and P)
lattice proteins from three points of view. First, whether the native structure
is searched within all possible structures or within maximally compact
structures. Second, whether the structure of the used lattice is bipartite or
not. Third, the effect of the length of the chain, namely, the number of
monomers on the chain. We found that the bipartiteness of the lattice structure
is not a main factor which determines the designability. Our results suggest
that highly designable structures will be found when the length of the chain is
sufficiently long to make the hydrophobic core consisting of enough number of
monomers.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Bond-randomness-induced Neel order in weakly coupled antiferromagnetic spin chains
Quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum spin systems show a wide
range of interesting phenomena such as the spin-Peierls transition and disorder
driven long range ordering. While there is no magnetic long range order in
strictly one-dimensional systems, in real systems some amount of interchain
coupling is always present and AF long range order may appear below a Neel
ordering temperature T_N. We study the effect of bond randomness on Neel
ordering in weakly coupled random AF S=1/2 chains both with and without
dimerization (or spin-Peierls order). We use the real space renormalization
group method to tackle the intrachain couplings, and a mean-field approximation
to treat the interchain coupling. We show that in the non-dimerized chain,
disorder (represented by bond randomness) enhances the Neel order parameter; in
the dimerized chain which shows no magnetic ordering in the weak interchain
coupling limit without randomness, disorder can actually lead to long range
order. Thus disorder is shown to lead to, or enhance the tendency toward long
range order, providing another example of the order-by-disorder phenomenon. We
make a qualitative comparison of our results with the observed phenomenon of
doping induced long range ordering in quasi-one-dimensional spin systems such
as CuGeO_3.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Experimental Verification of 3D Plasmonic Cloaking in Free-Space
We report the experimental verification of metamaterial cloaking for a 3D
object in free space. We apply the plasmonic cloaking technique, based on
scattering cancellation, to suppress microwave scattering from a finite-length
dielectric cylinder. We verify that scattering suppression is obtained all
around the object in the near- and far-field and for different incidence
angles, validating our measurements with analytical results and full-wave
simulations. Our near-field and far-field measurements confirm that realistic
and robust plasmonic metamaterial cloaks may be realized for elongated 3D
objects with moderate transverse cross-section at microwave frequencies.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, published in NJ
Cassini observations of ion and electron beams at Saturn and their relationship to infrared auroral arcs
We present Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of infrared auroral emissions from the noon sector of Saturn's ionosphere revealing multiple intense auroral arcs separated by dark regions poleward of the main oval. The arcs are interpreted as the ionospheric signatures of bursts of reconnection occurring at the dayside magnetopause. The auroral arcs were associated with upward field-aligned currents, the magnetic signatures of which were detected by Cassini at high planetary latitudes. Magnetic field and particle observations in the adjacent downward current regions showed upward bursts of 100–360 keV light ions in addition to energetic (hundreds of keV) electrons, which may have been scattered from upward accelerated beams carrying the downward currents. Broadband, upward propagating whistler waves were detected simultaneously with the ion beams. The acceleration of the light ions from low altitudes is attributed to wave-particle interactions in the downward current regions. Energetic (600 keV) oxygen ions were also detected, suggesting the presence of ambient oxygen at altitudes within the acceleration region. These simultaneous in situ and remote observations reveal the highly energetic magnetospheric dynamics driving some of Saturn's unusual auroral features. This is the first in situ identification of transient reconnection events at regions magnetically conjugate to Saturn's magnetopause
Screening for low energy availability in male athletes : Attempted validation of LEAM-Q
A questionnaire-based screening tool for male athletes at risk of low energy availability (LEA) could facilitate both research and clinical practice. The present options rely on proxies for LEA such screening tools for disordered eating, exercise dependence, or those validated in female athlete populations. in which the female-specific sections are excluded. To overcome these limitations and support progress in understanding LEA in males, centres in Australia, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden collaborated to develop a screening tool (LEAM-Q) based on clinical investigations of elite and sub-elite male athletes from multiple countries and ethnicities, and a variety of endurance and weight-sensitive sports. A bank of questions was developed from previously validated questionnaires and expert opinion on various clinical markers of LEA in athletic or eating disorder populations, dizziness, thermoregulation, gastrointestinal symptoms, injury, illness, wellbeing, recovery, sleep and sex drive. The validation process covered reliability, content validity, a multivariate analysis of associations between variable responses and clinical markers, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of variables, with the inclusion threshold being set at 60% sensitivity. Comparison of the scores of the retained questionnaire variables between subjects classified as cases or controls based on clinical markers of LEA revealed an internal consistency and reliability of 0.71. Scores for sleep and thermoregulation were not associated with any clinical marker and were excluded from any further analysis. Of the remaining variables, dizziness, illness, fatigue, and sex drive had sufficient sensitivity to be retained in the questionnaire, but only low sex drive was able to distinguish between LEA cases and controls and was associated with perturbations in key clinical markers and questionnaire responses. In summary, in this large and international cohort, low sex drive was the most effective self-reported symptom in identifying male athletes requiring further clinical assessment for LEA
Effect of colour vision status on insect prey capture efficiency of captive and wild tamarins (Saguinus spp.)
The colour vision polymorphism of most New World primates is a model system to study the function of colour vision. Theories for the evolution of primate trichromacy focus on the efficient detection and selection of ripe fruits and young leaves amongst mature leaves, when trichromats are likely to be better than dichromats. We provide data on whether colour vision status affects insect capture in primates. Trichromatic tamarins (Saguinus spp.) catch more prey than dichromats, but dichromats catch a greater proportion of camouflaged prey than trichromats. The prey caught does not differ in size between the two visual phenotypes. Thus two factors may contribute to the maintenance of genetic polymorphism of middle- to long-wavelength photopigments in Platyrrhines: the advantage in finding fruit and leaves, which supports the maintenance of the polymorphism through a heterozygote advantage, and the dichromats’ exploitation of different (e.g., camouflaged) food, which results in frequency-dependent selection on the different colour vision phenotypes
Power-Laws in Nonlinear Granular Chain under Gravity
The signal generated by a weak impulse propagates in an oscillatory way and
dispersively in a gravitationally compacted granular chain. For the power-law
type contact force, we show analytically that the type of dispersion follows
power-laws in depth. The power-law for grain displacement signal is given by
where and denote depth and the exponent of contact
force, and the power-law for the grain velocity is . Other
depth-dependent power-laws for oscillation frequency, wavelength, and period
are given by combining above two and the phase velocity power-law
. We verify above power-laws by comparing with the data
obtained by numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures; Changed conten
Random Antiferromagnetic Spin-1/2 Chains with Competing Interactions
We study disordered antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chains with nearest- and
further-neighbor interactions using the real-space renormalization-group
method. We find that the system supports two different phases, depending on the
ratio of the strength between nearest-neighbor and further-neighbor
interactions as well the bond randomness strength. For weak further neighbor
coupling the system is in the familiar random singlet phase, while stronger
further neighbor coupling drives the system to a large spin phase similar to
that found in the study of random antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic spin chains.
The appearance of the large spin phase in the absence of ferromagnetic coupling
is due to the frustration introduced by further neighboring couplings, and is
unique to the disordered chains.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Random interactions and spin-glass thermodynamic transition in the hole-doped Haldane system YCaBaNiO
Magnetization, DC and AC bulk susceptibility of the =1 Haldane chain
system doped with electronic holes, YCaBaNiO
(0x0.20), have been measured and analyzed. The most striking
results are (i) a sub-Curie power law behavior of the linear susceptibility,
, for temperature lower than the Haldane gap
of the undoped compound (x=0) (ii) the existence of a spin-glass thermodynamic
transition at = 2-3 K. These findings are consistent with (i) random
couplings within the chains between the spin degrees of freedom induced by hole
doping, (ii) the existence of ferromagnetic bonds that induce magnetic
frustration when interchain interactions come into play at low temperature.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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