53 research outputs found
Evangelical Episcopalians in nineteenth-century Scotland
This thesis deals with the theology and development of the Evangelical Episcopalian movement in nineteenth-century Scotland. Such a study facilitates the construction of a detailed doctrinal and social profile of these Churchmen, hitherto unavailable. In the introduction an extensive investigation is provided, identifying individuals within the
group and assessing their numerical strength. Chapter 2 shows the locations of
Evangelical Episcopalian churches and suggests reasons for their geographical
distribution. Chapter 3 investigates some sermons and writings of various clergy and
laypersons, highlighting the doctrinal beliefs of Scottish Evangelical Episcopalians
and placing them within the spectrum of Evangelical Anglicanism and showing
affinities with Scottish Presbyterianism. Chapter 4 concerns the lifestyle of members
of the group, covering areas such as marriage, family, leisure and philanthropy.
Chapter 5 provides a numerical analysis of the social make-up of various
congregations paying particular attention to the success achieved in reaching the
working classes. Chapters 6 and 7 examine the issues faced by Scottish Evangelical
Episcopalians in an age of increasing Tractarian and Roman Catholic activity. Topics
covered include the theology of baptism and the communion service. The contrast
between Evangelical belief and that of orthodox Scottish High Churchmen and
Virtualists is clarified. Chapter 8 explains the factors contributing to the secession of
D. T. K. Drummond from the Scottish Episcopal Church and the formation of the
English Episcopal movement. Further disruptions are discussed in Chapter 9. Chapter
10 provides a detailed analysis of the development and eventual fragmentation of
English Episcopalianism. Chapter 11 concludes the thesis with an evaluation of the
contribution of English Episcopalianism to the history of the Scottish Episcopal
Church and the reasons for its emergence. The thesis thus provides a detailed examination of the motives which drove the adherents of this important facet of
nineteenth-century British Evangelicalism
Proactive or Reactive? Optimal Management of an Invasive Forest Pest in a Spatial Framework
This paper offers a preliminary investigation into the conditions under which it might be optimal to engage in proactive management of a non-timber forest resource in the presence of an invasive species whose spread is unaffected by management action. Proactive management is defined as treating an uninfected area in order to encourage healthy ecosystem function, given that the arrival of the invasive is inevitable. Inspired by the problem of white pine blister rust in the Rocky Mountain west, the model was solved under varying assumptions concerning the scale of management action, benefit and costs, the discount rate, and uncertainty of spread. Results showed that proactive strategies tended to be optimal when, ceteris paribus, a) more resources are available for treatment; b) the costs of treatment are rapidly increasing in forest health, or conversely, the benefits of healthy and unhealthy stands are relatively similar; and c) the discount rate is low. The introduction of uncertainty did not significantly affect the likelihood of a proactive management strategy being optimal, but did show that the conditional probabilities of infection play important role in the decision of which uninfected stand should be treated if a choice is available to the manager.Crop Production/Industries, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Interactions between Resident Risk Perceptions and Wildfire Risk Mitigation: Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Modeling
Fire science emphasizes that mitigation actions on residential property, including structural hardening and maintaining defensible space, can reduce the risk of wildfire to a home. Accordingly, a rich body of social science literature investigates the determinants of wildfire risk mitigation behaviors of residents living in fire-prone areas. Here, we investigate relationships among wildfire hazards, residents’ risk perceptions, and conditions associated with mitigation actions using a combination of simulated wildfire conditions, household survey responses, and professionally assessed parcel characteristic data. We estimate a simultaneous model of these data that accounts for potential direct feedbacks between risk perceptions and parcel-level conditions. We also compare the use of self-reported versus assessed parcel-level data for estimating these relationships. Our analysis relies on paired survey and assessment data for approximately 2000 homes in western Colorado. Our simultaneous model demonstrates dual-directional interactions between risk perceptions and conditions associated with mitigation actions, with important implications for inference from simpler approaches. In addition to improving general understanding of decision-making about risk and natural hazards, our findings can support the effectiveness of publicly supported programs intended to encourage mitigation to reduce society’s overall wildfire risk
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Cost Shared Wildfire Risk Mitigation in Log Hill Mesa, Colorado: Survey Evidence on Participation and Willingness to Pay
Wildland–urban interface (WUI) homeowners who do not mitigate the wildfire risk on their properties impose a negative externality on society. To reduce the social costs of wildfire and incentivise homeowners to take action, cost sharing programs seek to reduce the barriers that impede wildfire risk mitigation. Using survey data from a WUI community in western Colorado and a two-stage decision framework, we examine residents’ willingness to participate in a cost sharing program for removing vegetation on their properties and the amount they are willing to contribute to the cost of that removal. Wefind that different factors motivate decisions about participation and about how much to pay. Willingness to participate correlates with both financial and non-monetary considerations, including informational barriers and wildfire risk perceptions, but not with concerns about effectiveness or visual impacts. Residents of properties with higher wildfire risk levels are less likely to participate in the cost sharing than those with lower levels of wildfire risk. We find widespread, positive willingness to pay for vegetation removal, with the amount associated negatively with property size and positively with respondent income. These results can inform the development of cost sharing programs to encourage wildfire risk mitigation on private property
The Iowa Homemaker vol.32, no.2
To a Bride, Salli Hearst, page 9
Happily Ever After, Donald C. Charles, page 10
The Bride Wore, Marilyn Bergeson and Patricia Keast, page 11
Here Comes the Bride, Marilyn Wright, page 12
Marriage and College - Yes, Gloria Sheehe, page 13
It’s All In the Family, Floramae Gates, page 14
With This Ring, Jean McGhie, page 15
Veiled In Loveliness, Evelyn Toulouse, page 16
Pots ‘n Pans, Maryann Meldrum, page 17
Proper Thing To Do, Marian Skinner, page 18
For Remembering, Marian Anderson, page 19
Weddings Without Worries, Nancy Voss, page 20
Showers, Joanne Ryals, page 21
Your Highest Hopes, Gayle Dunn, page 22
Bouquet for You, Maryann Meldrum, page 23
Your Trip to the Moon, Alane Baird, page 24
What’s New, Evelyn Toulouse and Dorothy Will, page 28
Information Please, Susan Brown and Mary Doherty, page 32
She Doesn’t Like Surprises and Neither Does He, Ruth Anderson, page 34
Breaking In the Groom, Alice Irvine, page 37
Trends, Joanne Ryals, page 3
Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Can Halt and Even Reverse Renal Tubule-Interstitial Fibrosis
Background: The tubule-interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive renal disease and is strongly associated with inflammation of this compartment. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective molecule that has been shown to be beneficial in various models of renal injury. However, the role of HO-1 in reversing an established renal scar has not yet been addressed. Aim: We explored the ability of HO-1 to halt and reverse the establishment of fibrosis in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and divided into two groups: non-treated and Hemin-treated. To study the prevention of fibrosis, animals were pre-treated with Hemin at days -2 and -1 prior to UUO. To investigate whether HO-1 could reverse established fibrosis, Hemin therapy was given at days 6 and 7 post-surgery. After 7 and/or 14 days, animals were sacrificed and blood, urine and kidney tissue samples were collected for analyses. Renal function was determined by assessing the serum creatinine, inulin clearance, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio and extent of albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure was measured and fibrosis was quantified by Picrosirius staining. Gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, as well as HO-1 were performed. Results: Pre-treatment with Hemin upregulated HO-1 expression and significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, inflammation and pro-fibrotic protein and gene expressions in animals subjected to UUO. Interestingly, the delayed treatment with Hemin was also able to reduce renal dysfunction and to decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, all in association with significantly reduced levels of fibrosis-related molecules and collagen deposition. Finally, TGF-beta protein production was significantly lower in Hemin-treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with Hemin was able both to prevent the progression of fibrosis and to reverse an established renal scar. Modulation of inflammation appears to be the major mechanism behind HO-1 cytoprotection.Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP[07/07139-3]Coordenaco de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPESInstituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Complexos Fluidos (INCT)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNP
Problems of identification
Several (I in number) observers cooperate to identify the member of a population of items (J in number) transmitting. The observers' measurements of basic item-identifying (known) parameters are error-prone; errors are frequently non-Gaussian (gross-error-prone). Various methods are introduced and studied for combining the observers; observations so as to achieve as high a probability of correct identification as possible. Linear combinations of observations are shown to be less than satisfactory in the environment described. Continuation and generalization of the work is in progress. Keywords: robust estimation in a restricted parameter space; Cauchy and contaminated normal measurement errors; maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates; the discrimination problemNational Security Agency, Fort Meade, MD and the Office of Naval Researchhttp://archive.org/details/problemsofidenti00gav
Proactive or Reactive? Optimal Management of an Invasive Forest Pest in a Spatial Framework
This paper offers a preliminary investigation into the conditions under which it might be optimal to engage in proactive management of a non-timber forest resource in the presence of an invasive species whose spread is unaffected by management action. Proactive management is defined as treating an uninfected area in order to encourage healthy ecosystem function, given that the arrival of the invasive is inevitable. Inspired by the problem of white pine blister rust in the Rocky Mountain west, the model was solved under varying assumptions concerning the scale of management action, benefit and costs, the discount rate, and uncertainty of spread. Results showed that proactive strategies tended to be optimal when, ceteris paribus, a) more resources are available for treatment; b) the costs of treatment are rapidly increasing in forest health, or conversely, the benefits of healthy and unhealthy stands are relatively similar; and c) the discount rate is low. The introduction of uncertainty did not significantly affect the likelihood of a proactive management strategy being optimal, but did show that the conditional probabilities of infection play important role in the decision of which uninfected stand should be treated if a choice is available to the manager
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Where you stand depends on where you sit: qualitative inquiry into notions of fire adaptation
Wildfire and the threat it poses to society represents an example of the complex, dynamic relationship between social and ecological systems. Increasingly, wildfire adaptation is posited as a pathway to shift the approach to fire from a suppression paradigm that seeks to control fire to a paradigm that focuses on "living with" and "adapting to" wildfire. In this study, we seek insights into what it means to adapt to wildfire from a range of stakeholders whose efforts contribute to the management of wildfire. Study participants provided insights into the meaning, relevance, and use of the concept of fire adaptation as it relates to their wildfire-related activities. A key finding of this investigation suggests that social scale is of key importance in the conceptualization and understanding of adaptation for participating stakeholders. Indeed, where you stand in terms of understandings of fire adaptation depends in large part on where you sit
Where you stand depends on where you sit: qualitative inquiry into notions of fire adaptation
Wildfire and the threat it poses to society represents an example of the complex, dynamic relationship between social and ecological systems. Increasingly, wildfire adaptation is posited as a pathway to shift the approach to fire from a suppression paradigm that seeks to control fire to a paradigm that focuses on "living with" and "adapting to" wildfire. In this study, we seek insights into what it means to adapt to wildfire from a range of stakeholders whose efforts contribute to the management of wildfire. Study participants provided insights into the meaning, relevance, and use of the concept of fire adaptation as it relates to their wildfire-related activities. A key finding of this investigation suggests that social scale is of key importance in the conceptualization and understanding of adaptation for participating stakeholders. Indeed, where you stand in terms of understandings of fire adaptation depends in large part on where you sit
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