969 research outputs found
Kompetenzorientierte Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation an Musikhochschulen
Ensembleunterricht an Musikhochschulen kann mit bestehenden Evaluationsinstrumenten nur unzureichend evaluiert werden. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie ein fragebogenbasiertes Instrument zur Evaluation von Ensembleunterricht entwickelt wurde, das den Lehrenden die Reflexion ihres Unterrichts vor dem Hintergrund der Lernziele ermöglicht. Hierbei konnten auf Basis einer qualitativen Lehrendenbefragung ein differenzierter Katalog von Kompetenzen identifiziert werden, der ausschnittweise prĂ€sentiert wird. Das Instrument bietet damit AnknĂŒpfungspunkte zu Hochschuldidaktik und Curriculumsentwicklung.
13.10.2017 | Melanie Franz-Ăzdemir & Frederic Neu
Steuerungsproblematiken im Prozess der Implementierung wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung
The article deals with the question of organizations' internal control problems, which appear during the implementation of scientific continuing education, and how these problems relate to the implementation process and also to the general opening of universities for higher education to adult learners. Based on qualitative empirical results from a currently ongoing DFG project, three control problems are deployed and appropriate forms of action are demonstrated. The results provide evidence of the challenges in building and expanding offers of scientific training and refer to perspectives of the opening of universities for higher education to adult learners.Der Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Frage, welche organisationsinternen Steuerungsproblematiken bei der Implementierung wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung in Erscheinung treten, und wie sich diese auf den Implementierungsprozess - und somit auch in ihren Auswirkungen auf die grundlegende Ăffnung von UniversitĂ€ten fĂŒr die akademische Bildung Erwachsener - auswirken. Auf Basis qualitativ empirischer Ergebnisse werden Steuerungsproblematiken entfaltet, Hinweise auf die Herausforderungen beim Auf- und Ausbau von Angeboten wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung gegeben sowie Perspektiven der Ăffnung von UniversitĂ€ten fĂŒr die akademische Bildung Erwachsener aufgezeigt
A grounding-based ontology of data quality measures
Data quality and fitness for purpose can be assessed by data quality measures. Existing ontologies of data quality dimensions reflect, among others, which aspects of data quality are assessed and the mechanisms that lead to poor data quality. An understanding of which source of information is used to judge about data quality and fitness for purpose is, however, lacking. This article introduces an ontology of data quality measures by their grounding, that is, the source of information to which the data is compared to in order to assess their quality. The ontology is exemplified with several examples of volunteered geographic information (VGI), while also applying to other geographical data and data in general. An evaluation of the ontology in the context of data quality measures for OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, a well-known example of VGI, provides insights about which types of quality measures for OSM data have and which have not yet been considered in literature
Renal developmental genes are differentially regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal and adult mice
Congenital obstructive nephropathy hinders normal kidney development. The severity and the duration of obstruction determine the compensatory growth of the contralateral, intact opposite kidney. We investigated the regulation of renal developmental genes, that are relevant in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in obstructed and contralateral (intact opposite) kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal and adult mice. Newborn and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation, and were sacrificed 1, 5, 12 and 19 days later. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed in obstructed, intact opposite kidneys and sham controls for Gdnf, Pax2, Six4, Six2, Dach1, Eya1, Bmp4, and Hnf-1 beta. Neonatal UUO induced an early and strong upregulation of all genes. In contrast, adult UUO kidneys showed a delayed and less pronounced upregulation. Intact opposite kidneys of neonatal mice revealed a strong upregulation of all developmental genes, whereas intact opposite kidneys of adult mice demonstrated only a weak response. Only neonatal mice exhibited an increase in BMP4 protein expression whereas adult kidneys strongly upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase class III, essential for compensatory hypertrophy. In conclusion, gene regulation differs in neonatal and adult mice with UUO. Repair and compensatory hypertrophy involve different genetic programs in developing and adult obstructed kidneys
Preclinical Deposition of Pathological Prion Protein in Muscle of Experimentally Infected Primates
Prion diseases are transmissible fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals. A central step in disease progression is the accumulation of a misfolded form (PrPSc) of the host encoded prion protein (PrPC) in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. The involvement of peripheral tissues in preclinical states increases the risk of accidental transmission. On the other hand, detection of PrPSc in non-neuronal easy-accessible compartments such as muscle may offer a novel diagnostic tool. Primate models have proven invaluable to investigate prion diseases. We have studied the deposition of PrPSc in muscle and central nervous system of rhesus monkeys challenged with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), variant CJD (vCJD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in preclinical and clinical stage using biochemical and morphological methods. Here, we show the preclinical presence of PrPSc in muscle and central nervous system of rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with vCJD
Life stage-specific hydropeaking flow rules
ReviewPeak-operating hydropower plants are usually the energy gridâs backbone by providing
flexible energy production. At the same time, hydropeaking operations are considered one of the
most adverse impacts on rivers, whereby aquatic organisms and their life-history stages can be
affected in many ways. Therefore, we propose specific seasonal regulations to protect ecologically
sensitive life cycle stages. By reviewing hydropeaking literature, we establish a framework for
hydrological mitigation based on life-history stages of salmonid fish and their relationship with key
parameters of the hydrograph. During migration and spawning, flows should be kept relatively
stable, and a flow cap should be implemented to prevent the dewatering of spawning grounds
during intragravel life stages. While eggs may be comparably tolerant to dewatering, post-hatch
stages are very vulnerable, which calls for minimizing or eliminating the duration of drawdown
situations and providing adequate minimum flows. Especially emerging fry are extremely sensitive
to flow fluctuations. As fish then grow in size, they become less vulnerable. Therefore, an âemergence
windowâ, where stringent thresholds on ramping rates are enforced, is proposed. Furthermore,
time of day, morphology, and temperature changes must be considered as they may interact with
hydropeaking. We conclude that the presented mitigation framework can aid the environmental
enhancement of hydropeaking rivers while maintaining flexible energy productioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Biokinetics and dosimetry of 111In-DOTA-NOC-ATE compared with 111In-DTPA-octreotide
Purpose: The biokinetics and dosimetry of 111In-DOTA-NOC-ATE (NOCATE), a high-affinity ligand of SSTR-2 and SSTR-5, and 111In-DTPA-octreotide (Octreoscanâą, OCTREO) were compared in the same patients. Methods: Seventeen patients (10 men, 7 women; mean age 60years), referred for an OCTREO scan for imaging of a neuroendocrine tumour (15), thymoma (1) or medullary thyroid carcinoma (1), agreed to undergo a second study with NOCATE. Whole-body anterior-posterior scans were recorded 0.5 (100% reference scan), 4, 24 and 48h (17 patients) and 120h (5 patients) after injection. In 16 patients the OCTREO scan (178â±â15MBq) was performed 16â±â5days before the NOCATE scan (108â±â14MBq) with identical timing; 1 patient had the NOCATE scan before the OCTREO scan. Blood samples were obtained from 14 patients 5min to 48h after injection. Activities expressed as percent of the initial (reference) activity in the whole body, lung, kidney, liver, spleen and blood were fitted to biexponential or single exponential functions. Dosimetry was performed using OLINDA/EXM. Results: Initial whole-body, lung and kidney activities were similar, but retention of NOCATE was higher than that of OCTREO. Liver and spleen uptakes of NOCATE were higher from the start (pâ<â0.001) and remained so over time. Whole-body activity showed similar α and ÎČ half-lives, but the ÎČ fraction of NOCATE was double that of OCTREO. Blood T 1/2ÎČ for NOCATE was longer (19 vs. 6h). As a result, the effective dose of NOCATE (105ÎŒSv/MBq) exceeded that of OCTREO (52ÎŒSv/MBq), and the latter result was similar to the ICRP 106 value of 54ÎŒSv/MBq. Differential activity measurement in blood cells and plasma showed an average of <5% of NOCATE and OCTREO attached to globular blood components. Conclusion: NOCATE showed a slower clearance from normal tissues and its effective dose was roughly double that of OCTRE
Identifying components required for OMP biogenesis as novel targets for antiinfective drugs
The emergence of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria requires new therapies for combating bacterial infections. Targeting the biogenesis of virulence factors could be an alternative strategy instead of killing bacteria with antibiotics. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a physical barrier. At the same time it facilitates the exchange of molecules and harbors a multitude of proteins associated with virulence. In order to insert proteins into the OM, an essential oligomeric membrane-associated protein complex, the ss-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) is required. Being essential for the biogenesis of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) the BAM and also periplasmic chaperones may serve as attractive targets to develop novel antiinfective agents. Herein, we aimed to elucidate which proteins belonging to the OMP biogenesis machinery have the most important function in granting bacterial fitness, OM barrier function, facilitating biogenesis of dedicated virulence factors and determination of overall virulence. To this end we used the enteropathogen Yersinia enterocolitica as a model system. We individually knocked out all non-essential components of the BAM (BamB, C and E) as well as the periplasmic chaperones DegP, SurA and Skp. In summary, we found that the most profound phenotypes were produced by the loss of BamB or SurA with both knockouts resulting in significant attenuation or even avirulence of Ye in a mouse infection model. Thus, we assume that both BamB and SurA are promising targets for the development of new antiinfective drugs in the future.Peer reviewe
Unveiling the double-well energy landscape in a ferroelectric layer
The properties of ferroelectric materials, which were discovered almost a century agoÂč , have led to a huge range of applications, such as digital information storageÂČ , pyroelectric energy conversionÂł and neuromorphic computingâŽâ»â” . Recently, it was shown that ferroelectrics can have negative capacitanceâ¶â»ÂčÂč, which could improve the energy efficiency of conventional electronics beyond fundamental limitsÂčÂČâ»ÂčâŽ. In LandauâGinzburgâDevonshire theoryÂčâ”â»Âčâ·, this negative capacitance is directly related to the doublewell shape of the ferroelectric polarizationâenergy landscape, which was thought for more than 70 years to be inaccessible to experimentsÂčâž. Here we report electrical measurements of the intrinsic double-well energy landscape in a thin layer of ferroelectric Hfâ.â
Zrâ.â
Oâ. To achieve this, we integrated the ferroelectric into a heterostructure capacitor with a second dielectric layer to prevent immediate screening of polarization charges during switching. These results show that negative capacitance has its origin in the energy barrier in a double-well landscape. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ferroelectric negative capacitance can be fast and hysteresis-free, which is important for prospective applicationsÂčâč. In addition, the Hfâ.â
Zrâ.â
Oâ used in this work is currently the most industry-relevant ferroelectric material, because both HfOâ and ZrOâ thin films are already used in everyday electronicsÂČâ°. This could lead to fast adoption of negative capacitance effects in future products with markedly improved energy efficiency
- âŠ