Estrategias de compensación en adultos mayores: Diferencias sociodemográficas, y en función de la reserva cognitiva.

Los términos de reserva cognitiva y compensación, han sido utilizados en una amplia variedad de situaciones en la literatura científica para referirse a la superación o reducción de las pérdidas o déficits en diferentes mecanismos y procesos como es la memoria. A través del Memory Compensation Questionnaire (MCQ), se pretende analizar los diferentes mecanismos de compensación en relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas (edad, genero y nivel educativo) de una muestra española y establecer, a partir de una medida combinada de reserva cognitiva (RC), las diferencias existentes entre sujetos con alta y baja reserva en el uso de mecanismos de compensación. Se evaluó a 264 sujetos jubilados españoles, donde se obtuvo que las estrategias de compensación más empleadas se basan en los mecanismos de remediación y sustitución. Las estrategias externas y de confianza son las que principalmente muestran correlaciones y diferencias significativas con las diferentes variables sociodemográficas analizadas. En cuanto a la reserva cognitiva, se observó que aquellos sujetos con alta RC presentaban mayor uso de estrategias externo e interno, y los sujetos con baja RC esfuerzo y cambio

Universal fluctuations in subdiffusive transport

Subdiffusive transport in tilted washboard potentials is studied within the fractional Fokker-Planck equation approach, using the associated continuous time random walk (CTRW) framework. The scaled subvelocity is shown to obey a universal law, assuming the form of a stationary Levy-stable distribution. The latter is defined by the index of subdiffusion alpha and the mean subvelocity only, but interestingly depends neither on the bias strength nor on the specific form of the potential. These scaled, universal subvelocity fluctuations emerge due to the weak ergodicity breaking and are vanishing in the limit of normal diffusion. The results of the analytical heuristic theory are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations of the underlying CTRW

Constructive Dimension and Turing Degrees

This paper examines the constructive Hausdorff and packing dimensions of Turing degrees. The main result is that every infinite sequence S with constructive Hausdorff dimension dim_H(S) and constructive packing dimension dim_P(S) is Turing equivalent to a sequence R with dim_H(R) <= (dim_H(S) / dim_P(S)) - epsilon, for arbitrary epsilon > 0. Furthermore, if dim_P(S) > 0, then dim_P(R) >= 1 - epsilon. The reduction thus serves as a *randomness extractor* that increases the algorithmic randomness of S, as measured by constructive dimension. A number of applications of this result shed new light on the constructive dimensions of Turing degrees. A lower bound of dim_H(S) / dim_P(S) is shown to hold for the Turing degree of any sequence S. A new proof is given of a previously-known zero-one law for the constructive packing dimension of Turing degrees. It is also shown that, for any regular sequence S (that is, dim_H(S) = dim_P(S)) such that dim_H(S) > 0, the Turing degree of S has constructive Hausdorff and packing dimension equal to 1. Finally, it is shown that no single Turing reduction can be a universal constructive Hausdorff dimension extractor, and that bounded Turing reductions cannot extract constructive Hausdorff dimension. We also exhibit sequences on which weak truth-table and bounded Turing reductions differ in their ability to extract dimension.Comment: The version of this paper appearing in Theory of Computing Systems, 45(4):740-755, 2009, had an error in the proof of Theorem 2.4, due to insufficient care with the choice of delta. This version modifies that proof to fix the error

Costs associated with febrile neutropenia in solid tumor and lymphoma patients - an observational study in Singapore.

BackgroundThe primary objective was to describe the total direct inpatient costs among solid tumor and lymphoma patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) and the factors that were associated with higher direct cost. The secondary objective was to describe the out-of-pocket patient payments and the factors that were associated with higher out-of-pocket patient payments.MethodsThis was a single-center observational study conducted at the largest cancer center in Singapore. All of the adult cancer patients hospitalized due to FN from 2009 to 2012 were studied. The primary outcomes were the total hospital cost and the out-of-pocket patient payments (adjusted by government subsidy) per FN episode. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted to identify the factors associated with higher FN costs.ResultsThree hundred and sixty seven adult cancer patients were documented with FN-related hospitalizations. The mean total hospital cost was US$4,193 (95$3,779-4,607) and the mean out-of-pocket patient payment was US$2,230 (95$1,976-2,484), per FN episode. The factors associated with a higher total hospital cost were longer length of stay, severe sepsis, and lymphoma as underlying cancer. The out-of-pocket patient payment was positively associated with longer length of stay, severe sepsis, lymphoma diagnosed as underlying cancer, the therapeutic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), the private ward class, and younger patients.ConclusionsThe total hospital cost and out-of-pocket patient payments of FN management in lymphoma cases were substantial compared with other solid tumors. Factors associated with a higher FN management cost may be useful for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the cost of FN for cancer patients

Paleoseismological evidence of holocene activity of the Los Tollos fault (Murcia, se Spain): a lately formed quaternary tectonic feature of the eastern betic shear zone

The Los Tollos Fault is a recent and important feature of the Eastern Betic Shear Zone, one of the major tectonic structures in South Iberia accommodating the convergence between Nubian and Eurasian plates in the western Mediterranean. The Los Tollos Fault became active by the end of Middle Pleistocene introducing some paleogeographical modifications. Previously mapped as a secondary normal fault related to the Carrascoy Fault, recent research evidences that the Los Tollos Fault is an independent Holocene active left-lateral reverse fault extending for at least 15 km. Data analysis from 4 trenches dug across the fault has revealed the occurrence of at least two paleo-earthquake events during the Holocene. The most recent event is dated between 2,740 and 2,140 yr BP (8th to 2nd centuries BC). The size of the paleoevents is calculated to be Mw 6.3 – 6.6 following empirical regressions on surface rupture length. The recurrence interval is estimated to be between 2,200-6,860 years, fitting a slip rate for the fault between 0.12 and 0.17 mm/yr. Such parameters highlight the Los Tollos Fault as a tectonic structure with a considerable activity located relatively close to densely populated areas. These seismogenic parameters should be considered in future reassessments of the seismic hazard of the regionThis work forms part of the research activities carried out in the FASEGEO Project (CGL2009-09726) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovatio

Immobilization of technetium by iron corrosion phases: lessons learned and future perspectives

Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a long-lived fission product (2.13×105 years) of uranium-235 (235U) and plutonium-239 (239Pu) and, therefore, of great concern for the long-term safe management of nuclear waste. The migration of Tc in the environment is highly influenced by the redox conditions, since Tc may be present in various oxidation states. Depending on the chemical properties of environmentally relevant systems, Tc is expected to mainly occur as Tc(VII) and as Tc(IV) under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. The anion pertechnetate (Tc(VII)O ) is known to barely interact with mineral surfaces; this, in turn, enhances its migration in groundwater and favors its entry into the biosphere. On the contrary, the formation of Tc(IV) limits the migration of Tc, since it forms a low soluble solid (TcO2) and/or species, whose interaction with minerals is more favorable. In the last few decades Tc migration has been focused on the reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) by various reductants, such as Fe(II), Sn(II), or S(-II), which are either present in solution, taking part in mineral structures (Pearce et al., 2019), or metabolically induced by microbial cascades (Newsome et al., 2014). We have studied the immobilization of technetium (Tc) by various Fe(II)-containing phases, including Fe2+ pre-sorbed on alumina nanoparticles (Mayordomo et al., 2020), Fe(II)-Al(III)-layered double hydroxide (Mayordomo et al., 2021), and Fe(II) sulfides (Rodríguez et al., 2020; Rodríguez et al., 2021). We have combined sorption experiments with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for Tc(VII) reductive immobilization. Those works have been focused on binary systems (i.e., studies of the interaction of Tc with a given reductant). However, the environment is a complex system, where different components often depend on and modify each other. Thus, Tc migration is susceptible and varies, depending on environmental conditions, and should not be studied in an isolated manner. The young investigator group TecRad (HZDR, 2022), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, aims at analyzing Tc chemistry from a wider perspective. Our goal is to study the biogeochemical behavior of Tc when it interacts with (i) microorganisms, (ii) metabolites, (iii) Fe(II) minerals, and (iv) Fe(II) minerals in presence of metabolites. An important part of this project deals with implementing new spectro-electrochemical methods to monitor the in situ the behavior of Tc in solution and at interfaces as a function of the redox potential. With these tools, we aspire to characterize the molecular structures of Tc species under a variable range of redox conditions to broaden the understanding of the chemical behavior of the pollutant. We aim at generating valuable thermodynamic data (complex formation constants, solubility constants of minerals, redox potentials, and Tc distribution coefficients) that will be used to implement a geochemical modeling able to explain Tc\u27s environmental fate, even under different redox conditions