La Sombra I. Desarrollo del relato y diseño de entornos para un tráiler de animación

[EN] In the project that is presented I expose my final grade work of practical typology, consisting of the preproduction, production and postproduction for an animated short film until its first trailer. Trying to focus on specific topics such as movement or experimental and surrealist animation. My work consists in the preparation of the preproduction of the project, the environment design and the experimental animation of the natural effects of the environment. This project has been carried out with Marta de Paz García as a designer and character animator. All this elaborated with the learning by the subjects that have been carried out along the last courses. The work process consists of three distinct phases: documentation and narrative in the pre-production, production of the animation and post-production of the final trailer. The result is reflected in all the documents resulting from the process and in the final trailer of the animated short film titled ¿La Sombra¿. Short film that is framed between the genres of horror and surrealism belonging to 19th century Gothic literature.[ES] En el proyecto que se presenta expongo mi trabajo final de grado de tipología práctica, consistiendo en la preproducción, producción y postproducción de un cortometraje de animación hasta su primer tráiler. Tratando de enfocarse en temas específicos como el movimiento o la animación experimental y surrealista. El trabajo consiste en la elaboración de la preproducción del proyecto, el diseño de los escenarios y el montaje de la animación. Este proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en conjunto con Marta de Paz García como diseñadora y animadora de personajes. Todo ello elaborado con el aprendizaje otorgado por las asignaturas que se han ido realizando a lo largo de los últimos cursos. El proceso del trabajo consta de tres fases diferenciadas: documentación y narrativa en la preproducción, producción de la animación y postproducción del tráiler final. El resultado se refleja en todos los documentos resultantes del proceso y en el tráiler final del cortometraje de animación titulado ¿La Sombra¿. Cortometraje que se enmarca entre los géneros de horror y surrealismo pertenecientes a la literatura gótica del siglo XIX.Martínez Padilla, MJ. (2019). La Sombra I. Desarrollo del relato y diseño de entornos para un tráiler de animación. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/127191TFG

Interplay Among Different Fosfomycin Resistance Mechanisms in Klebsiella Pneumoniae

The objectives of this study were to characterize the role of the uhpT, glpT, and fosA genes in fosfomycin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and evaluate the use of sodium phosphonoformate (PPF) in combination with fosfomycin. Seven clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and the reference strain (ATCC 700721) were used, and their genomes were sequenced. DuhpT, DglpT, and DfosA mutants were constructed from two isolates and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700721. Fosfomycin susceptibility testing was done by the gradient strip method. Synergy between fosfomycin and PPF was studied by checkerboard assay and analyzed using SynergyFinder. Spontaneous fosfomycin mutant frequencies at 64 and 512mg/liter, in vitro activity using growth curves with fosfomycin gradient concentrations (0 to 256mg/liter), and time-kill assays at 64 and 307mg/liter were evaluated with and without PPF (0.623mM). The MICs of fosfomycin against the clinical isolates ranged from 16 to ≥1,024mg/liter. The addition of 0.623mM PPF reduced fosfomycin MIC between 2- and 8-fold. Deletion of fosA led to a 32-fold decrease. Synergistic activities were observed with the combination of fosfomycin and PPF (most synergistic area at 0.623mM). The lowest fosfomycin-resistant mutant frequencies were found in ΔfosA mutants, with decreases in frequency from 1.69×10-1 to 1.60×10-5 for 64mg/liter of fosfomycin. In the final growth monitoring and time-kill assays, fosfomycin showed a bactericidal effect only with the deletion of fosA and not with the addition of PPF. We conclude that fosA gene inactivation leads to a decrease in fosfomycin resistance in K. pneumoniae. The pharmacological approach using PPF did not achieve enough activity, and the effect decreased with the presence of fosfomycin-resistant mutations.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PI16/01824, REIPI RD12/0015/0010, EIPI RD16/0016/0001Junta de Andalucía PI-0044Innovative Medicines Initiative 115523, 115620, 11573

Estudio acústico, arqueométrico y musicológico de instrumentos musicales arqueológicos: las trompetas de cerámica de Numancia (siglos III-I a.C.)

Celtiberian pottery trumpets of late Iron Age (3rd-1st centuries B.C.) are known since they were found at the beginnings of twentieth century in the archaeological excavations of the ancient town of Numantia. They are ultracircular labrosone aerophones which have been traditionally interpreted as signaling instruments or instruments used to make noise in war contexts. This paper presents the first work of acoustical characterization of these instruments, which has allowed the checking of their musical possibilities, its capability to articulate different tones and, consequently, to produce not only simple signals or noise but also easy melodies. For this purpose an acoustical and musical study with modern reproductions of these instruments was carried out and such reproductions were compared with fragments of original Numantian trumpets, which has brought new and interesting data to musical archaeology of late Iron Age in the Iberian Peninsula.Las trompetas cerámicas celtibéricas de finales de la Edad del Hierro (siglos III-I a. C.) se conocen desde que se hallaron a principios del siglo XX en las excavaciones arqueológicas de la antigua ciudad de Numancia. Se trata de aerófonos de boquilla (labrosones) ultracirculares que tradicionalmente se han interpretado como instrumentos de señalización o como instrumentos para hacer ruido en contextos bélicos. Este artículo presenta el primer trabajo de caracterización acústica de estos instrumentos, que ha permitido comprobar sus posibilidades musicales, su capacidad para articular diferentes tonos y, en consecuencia, producir no sólo señales simples o ruido sino también melodías sencillas. Para realizar el trabajo se llevó a cabo un estudio acústico y musical con reproducciones modernas de estos instrumentos y éstas se compararon con fragmentos de trompetas numantinas originales, lo cual ha aportado nuevos e interesantes datos a la arqueología musical de finales de la Edad del Hierro en la Península Ibérica

Generation of a disease-specific iPS cell line derived from a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2K lacking functional GDAP1 gene

Human CMT2-FiPS4F1 cell line was generated from fibroblasts of a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease harbouring the following mutations in the GDAP1 gene in heterozygosis: p.Q163X/p.T288NfsX3. This patient did not present mutations in the PM22, MPZ or GJB genes. Human reprogramming factors OCT3/4, KLF4, SOX2 and C-MYC were delivered using a non-integrative methodology that involves the use of Sendai virus

Incidencia del uso de las redes sociales en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de tercer ciclo de educación básica del Complejo Educativo Pedro Félix Cantor, Complejo Educativo Salomón David González y Centro Escolar Dr. Mario Calvo Marroquín del Municipio de Izalco, 2018

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad el esclarecimiento de la importancia de las redes sociales hoy en día en la sociedad y su impacto en la vida escolar de los estudiantes en la región del municipio de Izalco, son sitios de internet que permiten a las personas comunicarse con sus amigos, compartir gustos, intereses, crear comunidades, realizar videos llamadas, entre otra

Brown bear behaviour in human-modified landscapes: The case of the endangered Cantabrian population, NW Spain

Large carnivores are recolonizing parts of their historical range in Europe, a heavily modified human landscape. This calls for an improvement of our knowledge on how large carnivores manage to coexist with humans, and on the effects that human activity has on large carnivore behaviour, especially in areas where carnivore populations are still endangered. Brown bears Ursus arctos have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of people and their activities. Thus, bear conservation and management should take into account potential behavioural alterations related to living in human-modified landscapes. We studied the behaviour of brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain, where an endangered population thrives in a human-modified landscape. We analysed bear observations video-recorded over a 10-year period to try to identify human and landscape elements that could influence bear behaviour. Neither the occurrence nor the duration of vigilance behaviour in Cantabrian bears seemed to be influenced by the proximity of human infrastructures and activity. Our findings suggest that the general pattern of human avoidance by bears is adapted to the human-modified landscape they inhabit. Bears generally avoid people, but close presence of human infrastructures or activity did not seem to trigger an increased bear behavioural response. Coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human-modified landscapes is possible, even when human encroachment is high, provided that carnivores are not heavily persecuted and direct interactions are avoided. Further research should also document the potential existence of other responses to human presence and activity, e.g., hunting, traffic noise, and measuring stress levels with physiological indicators.This research was financially supported by the IBA (International Association for Bear Research and Management) grant project IBA-RG_16_2016 ‘Brown bear behaviour in human-dominated landscapes: the effect of human density and ecotourism’. During this research, G.B. was financially supported by a collaboration contract with the MUSE – Museo delle Scienze of Trento (Italy), J.M-P. was supported by the ARAID foundation and V.P., A.O. and R.G.G. were also financially supported by the Excellence Project CGL2017-82782-P financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU)

Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life

COPPADIS Study Group.[Introduction] In a degenerative disorder such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is important to establish clinical stages that allow to know the course of the disease. Our aim was to analyze whether a scale combining Hoehn and Yahr’s motor stage (H&Y) and the nonmotor symptoms burden (NMSB) (assessed by the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS)) provides information about the disability and the patient’s quality of life (QoL) with regard to a defined clinical stage.[Materials and Methods] Cross-sectional study in which 603 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were classified according to H&Y (1, stage I; 2, stage II; 3, stage III; 4, stage IV/V) and NMSB (A: NMSS = 0–20; B: NMSS = 21–40; C: NMSS = 41–70; D: NMSS ≥ 71) in 16 stages (HY.NMSB, from 1A to 4D). QoL was assessed with the PDQ-39SI, PQ-10, and EUROHIS-QOL8 and disability with the Schwab&England ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scale.[Results] A worse QoL and greater disability were observed at a higher stage of H&Y and NMSB (). Combining both (HY.NMSB), patients in stages 1C and 1D and 2C and 2D had significantly worse QoL and/or less autonomy for ADL than those in stages 2A and 2B and 3A and 3B, respectively (; e.g., PDQ-39SI in 1D [n = 15] vs 2A [n = 101]: 28.6 ± 17.1 vs 7.9 ± 5.8; ).[Conclusion] The HY.NMSB scale is simple and reflects the degree of patient involvement more accurately than the H&Y. Patients with a lower H&Y stage may be more affected if they have a greater NMS burden.Peer reviewe

Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group

COPPADIS Study Group.[Background and objective] The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD).[Patients and Methods] PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&E-ADLS score less than 80%.[Results] In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 ± 10.19 to 84.26 ± 13.38; p < 0.0001; Cohen’s effect size = −0.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 ± 6.52 to 99.52 ± 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p < 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p < 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2.[Conclusions] In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term.Fundación Curemos el Parkinson (www.curemoselparkinson.org).Peer reviewe

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

COPPADIS Study Group.[Background and Objective] Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group.[Material and Methods] PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable).[Results] After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865).[Conclusions] Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.This research was funded by Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Parkinson y otras Enfermedades Neuro-degenerativas (Curemos el Parkinson; www.curemoselparkinson.org).Peer reviewe